Snails
Snails | ||||||||||||
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Ivory snail ( Hygrophorus eburneus ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Hygrophorus | ||||||||||||
Fr. |
The snail ( Hygrophorus ) are a genus of mushrooms from the family of snail relatives . The name Hygrophorus is composed of hygro = moist and phorus = bearing, meaning moisture carrier . Among other things, this is an important characteristic of the snail.
The type species is the ivory snail ( H. eburneus ).
features
Macroscopic features
Snails are fleshy and medium-sized. With a few exceptions, the hat is greasy and slimy when wet. The mostly thick lamellas have a waxy consistency, are wide apart and run down a little on the stem. The spore powder is white in all species. The stem is smooth or finely grooved, rarely lobed or punctured. He can wear a ring in some species . The tip of the stem is never slimy. The colors are mostly cloudy and dull, except for pure white and bright yellow species.
Microscopic features
The lamellar trama is bilateral . The oval spores are smooth, have no germ pore and show no iodine color reaction .
ecology
The snails form mycorrhizae with deciduous and coniferous trees. All species of snail with the exception of the side-stemmed snail ( H. pleurotoides ) growing on rotten wood fructify on the ground. Because some species are frost-resistant or even need low temperatures to form fruiting bodies , the snails are dominant over other genera in winter. But you can find snails in every season.
species
German name | Scientific name | Author quote |
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Fragrant snail | Hygrophorus agathosmus | (Frieze 1815) Frieze 1838 |
Hygrophorus agathosmus f. aureofloccosus | Bresadola 1928 | |
Flour stick snail | Hygrophorus arbustivus | Frieze 1836 |
Black-fiber snail | Hygrophorus atramentosus | H. Haas & R. Haller Aarau 1978 |
Gold snail | Hygrophorus aureus | Arrhenius 1863 |
Brown oak snail | Hygrophorus arbustivus var. Quercetorum | Bon & Chevassut 1985 |
Beautiful-leaved snail | Hygrophorus calophyllus | P. Karsten 1876 |
Gray-brown snail | Hygrophorus camarophyllus | (Albertini & Schweinitz 1805: Fries 1821) Dumée, Grandjean & Maire 1913 |
Wine red snail | Hygrophorus capreolarius | (Kalchbrenner 1874) Saccardo 1887 |
Flesh gray snail | Hygrophorus carneogriseus | Malençon 1971 |
Gold tooth snail |
Hygrophorus chrysodon (described as " crysodon ") |
(Batsch 1789: Fries 1821) Fries 1838 |
Non-discoloring snail | Hygrophorus cossus | (Sowerby 1798) Frieze 1838 |
Brown-disc snail | Hygrophorus discoideus | (Persoon 1801: Frieze 1821) Frieze 1838 |
Discoloring snail | Hygrophorus discoxanthus | (Frieze 1815) Rea 1908 |
Ivory snail | Hygrophorus eburneus | (Bulliard 1782: Frieze 1821) Frieze 1836 |
Furious purple snail | Hygrophorus erubescens | (Frieze 1821: Frieze 1821) Frieze 1838 |
Flamingo snail | Hygrophorus erubescens var. Persicolor | (Frieze 1821: Frieze 1821) Frieze 1838 |
Beech snail | Hygrophorus fagi | G. Becker & Bon 1974 |
Yellowish-disc snail | Hygrophorus flavodiscus | Frost 1884 |
Bitter purple snail | Hygrophorus fragicolor | Papetti 1992 |
Dark pine snail |
Hygrophorus fuscoalbus (described as " fusco-albus ") |
(Lasch 1829: Fries 1832) Fries 1838 |
Slimy-ringed snail | Hygrophorus gliocyclus | Frieze 1861 |
Thick slimy birch snail | Hygrophorus hedrychii | (Velenovský 1920) K. Kult 1956 |
Hyacinth snail | Hygrophorus hyacinthinus | Quélet 1886 |
Frost snail | Hygrophorus hypothejus | (Frieze 1818: Frieze 1821) Frieze 1838 |
Crack fungus related snail | Hygrophorus inocybiformis | AH Smith 1944 |
Finnish snail | Hygrophorus korhonenii | Harmaja 1985 |
Large pine snail |
Hygrophorus latitabundus (described as " latitabundes ") |
Britzelmayr 1899 |
Hare snail | Hygrophorus leporinus | Frieze 1838 |
Holm oak snail | Hygrophorus leucophaeo-ilicis | Bon & Chevassut 1985 |
Light-edged snail | Hygrophorus lindtneri | MM Moser 1967 |
Larch snail | Hygrophorus lucorum | Kalchbrenner 1874 |
Orange-yellow larch snail | Hygrophorus lucorum var. Speciosus | (Peck 1878) Krieglsteiner 2000 |
March snail | Hygrophorus marzuolus | (Fries 1821: Fries 1821) Bresadola 1893 |
Apricot-leaved snail | Hygrophorus melizeus | (Frieze 1818: Frieze 1821) Frieze 1838 |
Gray-brown slime-stalk snail | Hygrophorus mesotephrus | Berkeley & Broome 1854 |
Grove Snail | Hygrophorus nemoreus | Frieze 1838 |
Adder-stalked snail |
Hygrophorus olivaceoalbus (described as " olivaceo-albus ") |
(Frieze 1815: Frieze 1821) Frieze 1838 |
Hygrophorus pacificus | AH Smith & Hesler 1939 | |
Hygrophorus penarioides | Jacobsson & E. Larsson 2007 | |
Dry snail | Hygrophorus penarius | Frieze 1836 |
Hygrophorus penarius var. Barbatulus | (G. Becker 1954) Bon 1989 | |
Olive-brown booted snail | Hygrophorus persoonii | Arnold's 1979 |
Spruce Snail | Hygrophorus piceae | Kühner 1949 |
Sidestalked snail | Hygrophorus pleurotoides | J. Favre 1960 |
Isabel-reddish snail | Hygrophorus poetarum | R. Heim 1948 ('1947') |
Heavy snail | Hygrophorus ponderatus | Britzelmayr 1885 |
Pink-brown disc snail | Hygrophorus pseudodiscoideus | (May 1928) Malençon & Bertault 1975 |
Orange Snail | Hygrophorus pudorinus | (Frieze 1821: Frieze 1821) Frieze 1836 |
Veiled purple snail | Hygrophorus purpurascens | (Albertini & Schweinitz 1805: Frieze 1821) Frieze 1838 |
Black-dotted snail | Hygrophorus pustulatus | (Persoon 1801: Frieze 1821) Frieze 1838 |
Red-scaled snail | Hygrophorus queletii | Bresadola 1881 |
Pink-brown snail | Hygrophorus roseodiscoideus | Bon & Chevassut 1985 |
Spotted purple snail | Hygrophorus russula | (Schaeffer 1774: Fries 1821) Quélet 1886 |
Wax yellow snail | Hygrophorus secretanii | Henning 1886 |
Felling Snail | Hygrophorus subviscifer | (P. Karsten 1878) Harmaja 1985 |
Ash gray snail | Hygrophorus tephroleucus | (Persoon 1801: Frieze 1821) Frieze 1838 |
Orange Fallow Snail | Hygrophorus unicolor | Groeger 1980 |
Systematics
The genus is mainly distributed in the temperate and boreal zone of the Holarctic and includes around 80 to 100 species worldwide, around 50 of which are found in Europe. The snail Hygrophorus subgen. Limacium are divided into the following sections:
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meaning
Many species of snail are edible, the best known are the frost snail ( Hygrophorus hypothejus ) and the March snail ( Hygrophorus marzuolus ). Other species are inedible but never poisonous.
literature
- E. Gerhardt: Mushrooms. Verlag BLV, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-8354-0053-3 .
- E. Horak: Bolete and agaric mushrooms in Europe. 6th completely revised edition. Elsevier - Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Munich 2005, ISBN 3-8274-1478-4 .
- A. Bollmann, A. Gminder, A., P. Reil: List of illustrations of large European mushrooms. 4th edition. with genre CD, Schwarzwälder Pilzlehrschau, Hornberg 2007, ISSN 0932-920X
- Heinrich Dörfelt , Gottfried Jetschke (Ed.): Dictionary of mycology. 2nd Edition. Spectrum Academic Publishing House, Heidelberg / Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-8274-0920-9 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Elias Magnus Fries : Corpus Florarum provincialium suecicae I . In: Floram Scanicam . 1835, p. 339.
- ↑ TRICHOLOMATALES. (PDF; 2.7 MB) In: projet.aulnaies.free.fr. Retrieved August 11, 2011 (French).
- ↑ North American species of Hygrophorus by LR Hesler and Alexander H. Smith, 1963. (Full text of monograph)