Larch snail
| Larch snail | ||||||||||||
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Larch snail ( hygrophorus lucorum ) |
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| Hygrophorus lucorum | ||||||||||||
| Calchbr. |
The larch snail is a type of mushroom from the family of snail relatives , the fruiting bodies of which grow gregariously under larches from September to November . It is a good but rare edible mushroom .
features
Macroscopic features
The bright yellow hat of the larch snail is about 2 to 6 centimeters wide. It is flat and slightly humped, later also slightly funnel-shaped. Initially, the hat shows a lemon yellow color, the hump is a little darker. The hat fades easily with age. The brim of the hat is curved in young mushrooms and connected to the stem by a sticky veil . Later it shields and the veil remains there in small, fleeting remnants. The surface of the hat becomes sticky to slimy when wet. The approximately 21 to 24 lamellae are attached to the stem or run down slightly. They are distant and are relatively thick with up to 5 millimeters. The initially whitish lamellae yellow with age. The stem of the larch snail measures 2.5 to 7 centimeters in height and 0.3 to 1.5 centimeters in diameter. It is cylindrical, usually slightly bent, slightly thickened towards the base and colored white-yellow. It can sometimes be faintly covered with white flakes. The first full-fleshed, firm stem becomes hollow over time. The up to 5 millimeter thick hat meat is yellowish-white to lemon-yellow in color, the lengthwise fibrous stalk meat is white. The trama has a soft and juicy consistency. It is largely odorless, the taste mild and spicy.
Microscopic features
The spores measure approximately 6.5-9.0 x 4.0-5.5 micrometers. They are slightly elliptical and have a small extension at one end. They form a white spore dust. The basidia are 36–52 × 7.5–9 micrometers in size, elongated and club-shaped. As a rule, they are four-pored, sometimes mixed with two and four pores. Cystides are absent. The trama of the hymenophore is constructed bilaterally symmetrically . It is formed from cylindrical to flattened hyphae elements that are approximately 35–120 × 4–18 micrometers in size. The Pileipellis (hat skin), which is up to 350 micrometers thick , is formed from erect hyphae that are interwoven in a complex manner on the underside, but only loosely with fine, cylindrical elements 1.5-4 micrometers thick on the top. The final elements measure approximately 40-80 x 2-3.7 micrometers. The pale yellow color pigments are located inside the cells and are also partially deposited on the outside as a layer on part of the hyphae. The outermost layer of the stipitipellis (stem skin) is up to 80 micrometers thick and consists of interwoven erect and loop-shaped hyphae, which in turn are made up of cylindrical cell elements about 2-4 micrometers long; the hyphae have a few, scattered ends. At the lower end of the stem, the larch snail has a dry cutis with tufts of protruding hyphae up to 75 micrometers long. The final elements are cylindrical to club-like in shape and are approximately 19–35 × 3–5.5 micrometers in size. The hyphae have buckles .
Species delimitation
The closely related orange-yellow larch snail ( Hygrophorus speciosus , syn.Hygrophorus lucorum var. Speciosus ), which is also viewed as a variety of the larch snail, is similar, but differs from the larch snail in its orange color and reddish hat hump. Its velum is also sticky and leaves a ring on the handle. Furthermore, the hyphae of its Pileipellis are thicker than that of the larch snail. The frost snail ( Hygrophorus hypothejus ) grows at a later time of the year and strictly under pines , and its hat is olive brown and not lemon yellow.
Ecology, phenology and distribution
The larch snail forms mycorrhiza with the larch as a symbiotic partner , under which it grows individually or socially from September to November. However, it is not a common fungus and is far less common than the golden boletus ( Suillus grevillei ), which colonizes the same habitat. The Japanese larch ( Larix kaempferi ) has not yet been found either, although this species forms a symbiosis with a large proportion of the European larch mycorrhizal fungi. The larch snail is particularly common on calcareous and loamy soils, especially in the middle and high mountain regions of Central Europe ; There are no findings for nutrient-poor sandy soils .
Systematics
The following varieties and forms are described for the larch snail :
- Hygrophorus lucorum f. amathysteus Candusso (1997)
- Hygrophorus lucorum var. Speciosus (Peck) Krieglsteiner (2000)
meaning
The larch snail is a tasty edible mushroom, but it should only be picked when it is sufficiently large - on the one hand because of its rarity, on the other hand because of its small size and sticky surface, which make it difficult to remove needles and dirt. It is not suitable for drying, but should be processed fresh.
swell
literature
- Cornelis Bas: Flora Agaricina Neerlandica - Volume 2: Critical Monographs on Families of Agarics and Boleti Occurring in the Netherlands CRC Press , 1990. ISBN 9061918618 , page 127
- Hans E. Laux: Edible mushrooms and their poisonous doppelgangers . Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, W. Keller & Co., Stuttgart 1985. Page 42
- Hermann Jahn : Distribution and locations of the snail, Hygrophorus, in Westphalia (online as a PDF file , 2.43 MB; page 8, number 14 at Westfälische Pilzbriefe )
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Hans E. Laux: Edible mushrooms and their poisonous doppelgangers . Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, W. Keller & Co., Stuttgart 1985. Page 42.
- ^ A b Hermann Jahn : Distribution and locations of the snails, Hygrophorus, in Westphalia .
- ↑ a b c d Cornelis Bas: Flora Agaricina Neerlandica - Volume 2: Critical Monographs on Families of Agarics and Boleti Occurring in the Netherlands CRC Press , 1990. ISBN 9061918618 , page 127.
- ↑ a b c Lärchen-Schneckling , www.ichkoche.at, accessed on September 1, 2009.
- ^ Index Fungorum , accessed September 1, 2009.
