Hypostominae

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Hypostominae
Pterygoplichthys sp.

Pterygoplichthys sp.

Systematics
Cohort : Otomorpha
Sub-cohort : Ostariophysi
Order : Catfish (Siluriformes)
Subordination : Loricarioidei
Family : Armored catfish (Loricariidae)
Subfamily : Hypostominae
Scientific name
Hypostominae
Kner , 1853

The Hypostominae , often called shield catfish in German , are the most species-rich subfamily of the armor catfish (Loricariidae). They occur in all of northern and central South America , on Trinidad , in Panama and Costa Rica .

features

The types of the Hypostominae have a typical armor catfish shape with an elongated, flattened body and a flat head with a suction mouth below. Their body length ranges from a few centimeters to lengths of over a meter. Autapomorphies that diagnose the subfamily are the strong, V-shaped spine at the beginning of the dorsal fin , as well as a mechanism to block this fin spine in an erect position. Each jaw has a row of double-pointed or spoon-shaped teeth. Coracoid and Cleithrum , elements of the shoulder girdle , are not widened, the caudal fin stalk is only moderately long, approximately cylindrical and only slightly flattened.

External system

The systematic position of the hypostominae within the catfish is illustrated by the following cladogram :

Panaque nigrolineatus
 Loricariidae  







 Neoplecostominae


   

 Otothyrinae



   

 Hypoptopomatinae



   

 Hypostominae



   

 Loricariinae



   

 Rhinelepinae



   

 Delturinae



   

 Lithogeninae



Internal system

Relationships within the hypostominae according to Lujan et al. 2014.
 Hypostominae  







 Peckoltia -Klade


   

 Hypostomini



   

 Hemiancistrus clade



   

 Acanthicus clade



   

 Lithoxus clade



   

 Pseudancistrus clade



   

 Ancistrini



   

 Chaetostoma clade



Chaetostoma sp.
Ancistrus dolichopterus
Pterygoplichthys joselimaianus

Within the subfamily Hypostominae eight clades can be distinguished, two of which have been described as a tribe :

literature

  • Axel Zarske: Hypostominae. In: Claus Schaefer, Torsten Schröer (Hrsg.): The large lexicon of aquaristics. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-7497-9 , p. 508.
  • Ingo Seidel: Harnischweltzucht. Tetra Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-89745-139-1 .
  • Günther Sterba : The world's freshwater fish. 2nd Edition. Urania, Leipzig / Jena / Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-332-00109-4 .
  • RE Reis, EHL Pereira & JW Armbruster: Delturinae, a new loricariid catfish subfamily (Teleostei, Siluriformes), with revisions of Delturus and Hemipsilichthys. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 147, Issue 2, pages 277-299, June 2006 doi : 10.1111 / j.1096-3642.2006.00229.x .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Seidel, page 19
  2. ^ Reis, et al., P. 279
  3. ↑ Schaefer & Schröer, page 508
  4. ^ Sterba, page 412
  5. ↑ a b Lujan, NK, Armbruster, JW, Lovejoy, N. & López-Fernández, H. (2014): Multilocus molecular phylogeny of the suckermouth armored catfishes (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with a focus on subfamily Hypostominae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, September 2014. DOI: 10.1016 / j.ympev.2014.08.020
  6. ^ A b Lujan, NK, Meza-Vargas, V. & Barriga-Salazar, R. (2015): Two New Chaetostoma Group (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) Sister Genera from Opposite Sides of the Andes Mountains in Ecuador, with the Description of One New Species. Copeia , 103 (3): 651-663.
  7. ↑ Lujan, NK, Armbruster, JW, Werneke, DC, Teixeira, TF & Lovejoy, NR (2019): Phylogeny and biogeography of the Brazilian – Guiana Shield endemic Corymbophanes clade of armored catfishes (Loricariidae) . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society: zlz090. October 2019.

Web links

Commons : Hypostominae  - collection of images, videos and audio files