Union Internationale des Sciences Préhistoriques et Protohistoriques

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The Union Internationale des Sciences Préhistoriques et Protohistoriques (UISPP) (also International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences ) is the largest scientific organization in the field of prehistoric research . These include archeology , anthropology , paleontology , geology , zoology , botany , ecology , physics , chemistry , geography , history , numismatics , epigraphics , mathematics and other sciences. Adaptation mechanisms and the behavioral dynamics of human societies are the focus. Accordingly, the organization promotes multidisciplinary approaches and organizes international congresses every five years. She was in on May 28, 1931 Bern founded and belongs since 1955 to the International Council of Philosophy and Human Sciences of UNESCO on. The history of the Union Internationale des Sciences Préhistoriques et Protohistoriques goes back at least to 1867.

history

A meeting of the Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali in September 1865 gave rise to the Congrès paleoethnologique international (CPI), which in 1867 took on the name Congrès international d'Anthropologie et d'Archéologie préhistoriques (CIAAP), thus creating the immediate predecessor of today's organization.

Giovanni Capellini , President of the Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali , and Gabriel de Mortillet were the driving forces behind the establishment; a Conseil Permanent was established in 1880 at the Lisbon Assembly . However, World War I ended the series of annual gatherings.

As a result, the Institut International d'Anthropologie (IIA) was established in 1921, an exclusively French institution, and the five members of the Executive Committee were accordingly all French. In addition, the emphasis shifted to anthropology , while prehistoric archeology was only a small section. In addition, the members of the defeated nations, especially Germany, Austria and Turkey , were excluded from the union.

Therefore, many scientists stayed away and Marcellin Boule , René Verneau , Hugo Obermaier and Pere Bosch i Gimpera tried to build on the international tradition of the CIAAP. After various attempts by the Conseil Permanent, the Permanent Council of the CIAAP, and the Executive Committee of the IIA to strengthen cooperation, it was agreed that the 15th meeting of the CIAAP and the 4th of the IIA should take place together in 1930 in Portugal . The “Congrès international d'Anthropologie et d'Archéologie préhistorique” took place there, but many stayed away because the role of prehistory seemed too marginal.

Accordingly, in the same year, a “Comité des Cinq”, consisting of Gerhard Bersu , Raymond Lantier , Hugo Obermaier , Wilhelm Unverzagt and Pere Bosch i Gimpera, decided to discuss the establishment of international congresses on prehistoric archeology in Berlin . Between May 27 and 29, 1931, a new organization called Congrès international des Sciences préhistoriques et protohistoriques was established in Bern . About 500 scholars gathered in London in August 1932, chaired by Sir Charles Reed Peers , with Anton Wilhelm Brøgger and John Linton Myres acting jointly as general secretaries and Vere Gordon Childe , Charles Francis Christopher , Hugh Sadler Kingsford and Courtenay Arthur Ralegh Radford as secretaries of the organizing committee. Archaeologists from 35 nations belonged to the Conseil Permanent.

The second congress, this time chaired by Anton Wilhelm Brøgger, took place in Oslo in 1936 , but there were clashes with German and Italian prehistorians who were close to National Socialism and fascism . The congress planned for 1940 in Budapest under the leadership of Ferenc de Tompa fell victim to the war.

The congress could not take place in Zurich until 1950 , this time under the presidency of Emil Vogt . Due to the absence of Eastern Europeans, however, only about 250 archaeologists appeared there. An executive committee was set up again and Emil Vogt was his provisional secretary. In 1952 he was succeeded by Siegfried J. De Laet , as well as Secretary General of the Executive Committee.

At the 4th Congress, held in Madrid in 1954 , Luis Pericot Garcia was the President who replaced President-elect D. Blas Taracena Aguirre , who died in 1952 . Again around 500 scientists gathered and representatives from 51 countries were elected to the Conseil Permanent. After long debates, they joined the Conseil international de la Philosophie et des Sciences humaines , which enabled access to UNESCO funds for research initiatives. This affiliation also made it necessary to change the name again in September 1955, this time to the Union Internationale des Sciences préhistoriques et protohistoriques, which is still known today .

The number of participants in the congresses rose continuously until around 3500 scientists were present in Nice , which in turn enlarged the Conseil Permanent, which now had 250 researchers from over 100 countries. The 5th congress took place in Hamburg in 1958, the 6th in 1962 in Rome , the 7th in Prague in 1966, the next in Belgrade in 1971. From now on, in accordance with UNESCO regulations, large assemblies only took place every five years . Accordingly, they met in Nice in 1976, and in Mexico City in 1981 , where Jacques Nenquin was elected Secretary General, who had provisionally assumed this post in 1980 after Ole Klindt-Jensen's death .

The 11th congress took place in Mainz in 1987 . It was supposed to take place in 1986 in Southampton and London under the presidency of John Davies Evans , but it was moved by a vote of the Conseil Permanent in 1986. The British organizing committee decided in 1985 to exclude the South African scientists. Since this resolution contradicted the statutes, at the same time in contradiction to their own resolutions not to allow discrimination, and, moreover, neither the Conseil Permanent nor the Comité Exécutif nor its general secretary had been consulted, the organizations split up. The congress held in Southampton took place under the name "World Archaeological Congress". The Conseil Permanent and the Comité Exécutif neither recognized the new organization nor did UNESCO.

When the next congress took place in 1991 in Bratislava under the presidency of Bohuslav Chropovsky , the division of Czechoslovakia resulted in considerable dissonances, which, however, could be bridged. At the 13th Congress in Forli in 1996 , more than 3000 people were registered, with several additional events taking place, such as a film festival or exhibitions. Jacques Nenquin retired from his office, followed by Jean Bourgeois .

With the next venue in Liège , Pierre P. Bonenfant became President and Marcel Otte Secretary of the National Committee for 2001 . The files filled 40 volumes. Lisbon was chosen as the 15th congress location for 2006 ; President and Secretary of the National Committee were Vitor Oliveira Jorge and Luiz Oosterbeek respectively . Jean Bourgeois was re-elected Secretary General. The Lisbon Congress left 49 volumes and Brazil was chosen as the venue for 2011 , with Rossano Lopes Bastos as secretary and Pedro Shmitz as president. There Jean Bourgeois retired from the office of Secretary General. He was followed by Luiz Oosterbeek.

The 16th congress took place in 2011 in Florianópolis , Brazil, with the participation of more than a thousand scientists, mostly from Latin America . In view of the fact that so many scientists came from Europe, the intervals between the congresses there should be shortened and yet a congress outside Europe should be held every five years. The 17th Congress took place in Burgos in 2014 under the presidency of Emiliano Aguirre , and Martín Almagro Gorbea was the head of the scientific committee . The 18th Congress was due to take place in Melbourne in 2017 , but has been moved to Paris.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ This and the following from: Jacques Nenquin, Jean Bourgeois, L. Oosterbeek: History of UISPP. Une Breve Histoire de l'Union Internationale des Sciences Préhistoriques et Protohistoriques , on the UISPP website.