Muhammad ibn as-Sā'ib al-Kalbī

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Muhammad ibn as-Sā'ib al-Kalbī ( Arabic محمد بن السائب الكلبي, DMG Muḥammad bin as-Sāʾib al-Kalbī , d. 763 ), al-Kalbī for short , was an Arab Islamic historian , Koran exegete , genealogist and geographer with Kufa activity . His ancestors were active supporters of the caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib and fought on his side in the camel battle and at Siffin .

His erudition

It is unknown where al-Kalbī received his training as a versatile scholar in his youth. The biographers in the following generations condemned him as an unreliable traditionalarian with clearly Shiite inclinations. While adh-Dhahabī only mentions him in a few lines, al-Mizzī dedicates a relatively extensive biography to him, in which he presents a long list of the names of his students and the predominantly negative views of the critics of tradition about him. He was called a liar (kaḏḏāb) because of his unrecognized traditions, especially in the Koran exegesis; however, Ibn Madscha and at-Tirmidhi passed on after him in the Koran exegetical chapters of their hadith collections . Muhammad ibn Saʿd reports on him and his ancestors in his class register and emphasizes his knowledge of the genealogy and history of the ancient Arabs and their days of battle ( ayyām ) in the pre-Islamic period ; in doing so he refers to the personal communications of Hisham , the son of this scholar. The former is known in Islamic literature under his short name Ibn al-Kalbī.

His Koran exegesis

Al-Kalbī is best known for his commentaries on the Koran; Sulaimān ibn ʿAlī, the uncle of the Abbasid caliphs Abu l-Abbas as-Saffah (749-754) and al-Mansur (754-775), in the last years of his life between 750 and 756 governor of Basra , appointed him to the city, where he interpreted the Koran in a considerable group of students and contradicted the Sunni teachings of his time. Ibn an-Nadim names this exegesis in his Fihrist and mentions that his interpretations of the Koran were recorded in Basra.

Several manuscripts have survived from his commentary on the Koran, in which he often refers to ʿAbdallāh ibn ʿAbbās as the last authority in the Isnads , which, however, have not yet been edited . The most extensive fragments of his Koranic exegesis are in the commentary of the Ibāite scholar Hūd ibn Muhakkam / Var. Muḥkim preserved from the 9th century. This work in four volumes is a verbatim excerpt from the exegesis of Yaḥyā ibn Sallām al-Baṣrī († 815), with Qairawān as its field of activity.

literature

  • The Encyclopaedia of Islam . New Edition. Brill, suffering. Volume 3, p. 815. No. I.
  • Fuat Sezgin: History of Arabic Literature . Volume 1. pp. 34-35. Brill, Leiden 1967
  • Marco Schöller: Sīra and Tafsīr: Muḥammad al-Kalbī on the Jews of Medina . In: Motzki, Harald (Ed.): The Biography of Muḥammad: The Issue of the Sources. Pp. 18-23; 42-44, Brill, Leiden 2000

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Siyar aʿlām an-nubalāʾ. Volume 6, pp. 248-249
  2. ↑ Tahdhib al-Kamāl fī asmā' ar-ridschāl. Volume 25, pp. 246-253
  3. ↑ Ibn Saad: Biographies . Volume VI: Biographies of the Kufier . (Ed. KV Zetterstéen). Brill, Leiden 1909. pp. 249-250; S. LXVII (table of contents in German translation)
  4. ^ The Encyclopaedia of Islam . New Edition. Brill, suffering. Volume 9, p. 822
  5. ↑ Ed. Riḍā Taǧaddud. Tehran 1971. p. 108
  6. ↑ The information in The Encyclopaedia of Islam must be corrected
  7. ↑ Marco Schöller (2000), pp. 20–21, note 10
  8. ↑ Fuat Sezgin (1967), p. 41
  9. ↑ Josef van Ess : Investigations on some Ibāḍitischen manuscripts. In: Journal of the Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft (ZDMG), Volume 126, 1976, pp. 25ff., Here: pp. 43–44; Claude Gilliot : The Koranic Commentary by the Ibāḍite Hūd ibn Muḥakim / Muḥakkam. In: ZDMG, Supplementary Volume XI: XXVI (1995), pp. 243-249
  10. ^ Fuat Sezgin: History of Arabic literature . Volume 1, p. 39
personal data
SURNAME Kalbī, Muḥammad ibn as-Sāʾib al-
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Muhammad ibn as-Sā'ib al-Kalbī; Kalbī, al-; محمد بن السائب الكلبي (Arabic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Muslim historian, Koran exegete, genealogist and geographer
DATE OF BIRTH 7th century or 8th century
DATE OF DEATH 763