Illyrian language (modern times)

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Illyrian language is an outdated term used mainly in the 18th and 19th centuries for the (or a group of) South Slavic language (s), although the exact definition is inconsistent. The term South Slavic language was also rarely used.

definition

The term was defined differently:

  1. for the South Slavic language as a whole, with Croatian, Bulgarian etc. being regarded as dialects of this language
  2. for the South Slavic language including Bulgarian, but without the Kaykavian variants (Slovenian and Croatian in central Croatia )
  3. for the Serbo-Croatian and Slovenian language (excluding the Bulgarian language )
  4. as a synonym for the Serbo-Croatian language
  5. for the Serbo-Croatian language with the exception of the Croatian Kajkavski dialects

Use in the South Slavic language area

In 1604 appeared with Institutiones linguae illyricae of Bartol Kašić the first grammar of the "Illyrian" that is spoken in Bosnia and parts of Dalmatia form of Štokavischen that identifies the author as "Bosnian". Although he himself was the speaker of a čakavian dialect, he used a form of Štokavian for his native-language publications in order to ensure better intelligibility in as large an area as possible.

Kašić's colleague Jakov Mikalja published in 1651 the Thesaurus linguae Illyricae sive Dictionarium Illyricum, the first Illyrian or Serbo-Croatian dictionary, he also calls the language "Slavic". (The title page is bilingual and contains the Illyrian title: Blago jezika slovinskoga .)

The name ilirski (Illyrian) for its own language became particularly popular during the Illyrian movement of the 1830s, but disappeared again after 1860. During this time, the term jugoslavenski jezik (i.e. South Slavic or Yugoslav language) was occasionally used for the first definition . We can find evidence of this term in Hermann Wendel :

"Hob Strosmeyer always the synthesis zustrebend, already on the reinforced Imperial Council which historical and political individuality of the South Slavs' highlighted, as decided by the Bishop influence, but without effect, the Agramer , the new official language not Landtag of 1861 Croatian not and to be called Serbo-Croatian, but South Slavic, according to Kukuljević's suggestion. "

Vjekoslav Babukić published an Illyrian grammar ( Ilirska slovnica ) in 1854 .

Use in the German language

August Ludwig von Schlözer differentiates in his work General Nordic History , published in 1771 :
a) “Bosnian”, also called “Dalmatian”, “Illyrian” or “Serbian”; By this - according to Lauer - he obviously means the Neoštokavian dialects of today's Serbo-Croatian language
b) "Croatian", by which he means the Kajkavian dialects
c) "Windisch", i.e. Slovenian , whereby he raises the question of whether "Croatian" and "Windisch “Can only be viewed as two dialects of the same language.

A travelogue about Slavonia printed in 1777 contains the following comment on the language there: “The main language of the country is Illyrian, the same language that is used in Albania, Dalmatia, Croatia, Bosnia, Servia and a theyle of Bulgaria, as the mother tongue, but in many ways Dialects are spoken. There is roughly the same difference between all of these dialects as there is between the Saxon , Franconian , Rhineland , Swabian , Bavarian and Austrian dialects. "

In the first edition of Meyers Konversations-Lexikon (1851) it is stated in the sense of the 2nd definition: "The Serbian language forms with the Croatian and Wendish one of the four main dialects of the Slavic language, the Illyrian, and is counted among the East Slavic dialects."

In the middle of the 19th century, the clearly defined term Serbo-Croatian language , first used by Jacob Grimm in 1824, prevailed, while the term Illyrian language was hardly used anymore.

Use in other languages

The first evidence for the English language is from 1607; further evidence comes from the years 1753, 1824, 1877 and 1888.

For the French language , a dictionary gives the following meaning: group of languages ​​consisting of the South Slavic dialects .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cf. Snježana Kordić : Modern national names and texts from past centuries . In: Journal of Balkanology . tape 46 , no. 1 , 2010, ISSN  0044-2356 , p. 40-41 ( online [accessed February 6, 2011]).
  2. ↑ So Taube, see #Use in the German language
  3. ↑ So Josef Dobrovský , cf. Wolfgang Kessler, Politics, Culture and Society in Croatia and Slavonia in the First Half of the 19th Century , 1981, pp. 209f
  4. ^ So Meyers Konversations-Lexikon from 1851, see #Use in the German language
  5. ↑ This is the usual use by the representatives of the Illyrian movement, see #Use in the South Slavic language area
  6. ↑ So Schlözer 1771, see #Use in the German language
  7. ↑ R. Olesch, preface , in: Bartol Kašić (Latinized: Bartholomaeus Cassius ), Institutiones linguae illyricae , Reprint 1977 ISBN 3-412-03777-X , p. XIII
  8. ↑ Article Mikalja, Jakov , in: Enciklopedija Jugoslavije , 1st edition, Volume 6, 1965
  9. ^ Hermann Wendel , The Struggle of the South Slavs for Freedom and Unity , 1925, p. 379. Another proof of the term in juridical-political terminology for the Slavic languages ​​of Austria. From the Commission for Slavic juridical-political terminology . German-Croatian, Serbian and Slovenian separate edition, 1853.
  10. ↑ See Bernhard Gröschel : The Serbo-Croatian between linguistics and politics . With a bibliography on the post-Yugoslav language dispute (=  Lincom Studies in Slavic Linguistics . Volume 34 ). Lincom Europa, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-929075-79-3 , p. 14 .
  11. ↑ Reinhard Lauer , Schlözer and the foundation of Slavistic methodology , in: Zeitschrift für Slawistik, Jg. 30.1985, p. 634–644 (here p. 640)
  12. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm von Taube , Historical and Geographical Description of the Kingdom of Slavonia and the Duchy of Syrmia , 1777, cited in: Tobias Pflüger , Martin Jung, Krieg in Yugoslawien , 2nd edition 1994 ISBN 3-9803269-3-4 , p. 90 .
  13. ^ The large conversation lexicon for the educated classes , section 2, volume 8, p. 1050, 1st and 2nd column, keyword Serbian language . In the original Serbian language is with s. S. abbreviated. Wendish is used as a synonym for Slovenian. Further evidence of the use of the term Illyrian language in the same meaning by the Slavist Pavel Šafarik in 1841 in: Norbert Franz, Introduction to Slavic Philology , 1994 ISBN 3-534-12007-8 , p. 16, and in: Wilhelm Zeil , Slavic Studies in Germany , 1994 ISBN 3-412-11993-8 , p. 162.
  14. ^ Hans-Dieter Pohl: Serbo-Croatian - Review and Outlook . In: Ingeborg Ohnheiser (Ed.): Interrelationships between Slavic languages, literatures and cultures in the past and present . Files from the conference on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the Institute for Slavic Studies at the University of Innsbruck (=  Innsbruck contributions to cultural studies, Slavica aenipontana ). tape 4 . Non Lieu, Innsbruck 1996, OCLC 243829127 , p. 209-210 .
  15. ↑ Snježana Kordić : Pros and Cons: 'Serbo-Croatian' today . In: Marion Krause, Christian Sappok (Ed.): Slavistische Linguistik 2002 . Papers of the XXVIII. Konstanzer Slavist working meeting, Bochum 10.9.-12.9.2002 (=  Slavist contributions ). tape 434 . Sagner, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-87690-885-X , p. 100–101 ( Online [PDF; 4.2 MB ; accessed on November 3, 2010]).
  16. ^ The Oxford English Dictionary , Volume 7, 2nd ed. 1989 ISBN 0-19-861219-2 , p. 664, 3rd column, keyword Illyrian , sections A2 and B4, and keyword Illyric
  17. ↑ Trésor de la langue française , Volume 9, 1982 ISBN 2-222-03049-8 , p. 1141, 2nd column, keyword Illyria , section LING.