Indigofera
Indigofera | ||||||||||||
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Inflorescences of an indigo plant ( Indigofera tinctoria ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Indigofera | ||||||||||||
L. |
The genus Indigofera is the third largest plant genus within the legume family (Fabaceae) with around 700 species . The generic name refers to the fact that some species contain the blue dye indigo .
description
Vegetative characteristics
In Indigofera TYPES this is rarely one-year, mostly perennial herbaceous plants , shrubs or small trees. Most parts of the plant are hairy tomentose. The leaves are pinnate in pairs or mostly unpaired, in some species they are simple or reduced to a pinnate leaf. The edges of the leaves or leaflets are smooth. Glands are rarely present on the leaves. The stipules are durable or fall off early.
Generative characteristics
The flowers appear singly in the leaf axils or in axillary racemose or ährigen inflorescences with mostly early sloping bracts . Cover sheets are missing.
The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and fünfzählig double perianth (perianth). The five sepals are fused bell-shaped or cup-shaped. The five calyx teeth are almost the same or the bottom one is longer. The petals are often pink, red or orange, rarely white or yellow. The flag is nailed briefly to its base. The shuttle often has a spur that is fused with the wings. The wings are narrow. Nine of the ten stamens are fused. The carpel contains many or only one to many ovules . The linear, mostly hairless style ends in a cephalic scar.
The legumes are elongated to pencil or spherical and contain three to four seeds. The hilum is small. The two cotyledons ( cotyledons ) are not equal.
distribution
The genus Indigofera occurs worldwide in tropical to warm temperate climates. Their main distribution is, however, with about 490 species in Africa and Madagascar .
Systematics
The genus Indigofera belongs to the tribe Indigofereae in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae) within the family of the legumes (Fabaceae).
Bremontiera DC is a synonym for Indigofera L. There are about 30 sections and 700 species within the genus Indigofera .
Types (selection)
There are around 700 species of Indigofera :
- Indigofera adenocarpa E. Mey.
- Indigofera adenoides Baker f.
- Indigofera alpina Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Indigofera alternans DC.
- Indigofera amblyantha Craib
- Indigofera amoena Aiton
- Indigofera angustata E. Mey.
- Indigofera angustifolia L.
- Indigofera antunesiana Harms
- Indigofera aquae-nitensis Bremek.
- Indigofera arenophila Schinz
- Indigofera argentea Burm. f.
- Indigofera arrecta Hochst. ex A.Rich.
- Indigofera articulata Gouan
- Indigofera aspalathoides Vahl ex DC.
- Indigofera aspera Perr. ex DC.
- Indigofera asperifolia bong. ex Benth.
- Indigofera astragalina DC.
- Indigofera atriceps Hook. f.
- Indigofera atropurpurea Buch.-Ham. ex Hornem.
- Indigofera auricoma E. Mey.
- Indigofera australis Willd.
- Indigofera bainesii Baker
- Indigofera boviperda Morrison
- Indigofera brachynema JBGillett
- Indigofera brachyodon Domin
- Indigofera brachystachya (DC.) E. Mey.
- Indigofera brevicalyx Baker f.
- Indigofera brevidens Benth.
- Indigofera brevipes (S.Watson) Rydb.
- Indigofera bungeana Walp.
- Indigofera burchellii DC.
- Indigofera candicans Aiton
- Indigofera candolleana Meisn.
- Indigofera capillaris Thunb.
- Indigofera carlesii Craib
- Indigofera caroliniana Mill.
- Indigofera cassioides Rottler ex DC.
- Indigofera cecili NEBr.
- Indigofera charlierana Schinz
- Indigofera chuniana FPMetcalf
- Indigofera circinella Baker f.
- Indigofera circinnata Benth. ex Harv.
- Indigofera colutea (Burm. F.) Merr.
- Indigofera comosa NEBr.
- Indigofera cordifolia B. Heyne ex Roth
- Indigofera cryptantha Benth. ex Harv.
- Indigofera cuneata Baker ex Oliv.
- Indigofera cuneifolia Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Indigofera cylindracea Wall. ex Baker
- Indigofera cytisoides (L.) L.
- Indigofera daleoides Benth. ex Harv.
- Indigofera decora Lindl.
- Indigofera delagoaensis JBGillett
- Indigofera demissa deaf.
- Indigofera dendroides Jacq.
- Indigofera denudata L. f.
- Indigofera digitata L. f.
- Indigofera dimidiata Walp.
- Indigofera diphylla Vent.
- Indigofera disjuncta JBGillett
- Indigofera dosua Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
- Indigofera dregeana E. Mey.
- Indigofera dyeri Britten
- Indigofera egens NEBr.
- Indigofera emarginella Steud. ex A.Rich.
- Indigofera erecta Thunb.
- Indigofera eriocarpa E. Mey.
- Indigofera erythrogramma Welw. ex Baker
- Indigofera evansiana Burtt Davy
- Indigofera eylesiana JBGillett
- Indigofera fanshawei JBGillett
- Indigofera filicaulis Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Indigofera filifolia Thunb.
- Indigofera filiformis L. f.
- Indigofera filipes Benth. ex Harv.
- Indigofera flabellata Harv.
- Indigofera flavicans Baker
- Indigofera foliosa E. Mey.
- Indigofera fortunei Craib
- Indigofera frutescens L. f.
- Indigofera fulvopilosa Brenan
- Indigofera gairdnerae Hutch. ex Baker f.
- Indigofera galegoides DC.
- Indigofera garckeana Vatke
- Indigofera glandulosa JC Wendl.
- Indigofera glaucescens Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Indigofera glomerata E. Mey.
- Indigofera griseoides Harms
- Indigofera hamiltonii Graham ex Duthie & Prain
- Indigofera hebepetala Benth. ex Baker
- Indigofera hedyantha Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Indigofera hendecaphylla Jacq.
- Indigo shrub ( Indigofera heterantha Wall.ex Brandis)
- Indigofera heterophylla Thunb.
- Indigofera heterotricha DC.
- Indigofera heudelotii Benth. ex Baker
- Indigofera hewittii Baker f.
- Indigofera hilaris Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Indigofera himalayensis Ali
- Indigofera hirsuta L.
- Indigofera hispida Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Indigofera hochstetteri Baker
- Indigofera holubii NEBr.
- Indigofera humifusa Eckl. & Zeyh.
- Indigofera incana Thunb.
- Indigofera suffruticosa Mill.
- Indigofera tinctoria L.
use
Some species ( Indigofera tinctoria , Indigofera suffruticosa , Indigofera articulata , Indigofera arrecta ) are used for coloring or to obtain the dye indigo, others for green manure or as fodder plants. In some species such as Indigofera endecaphylla, Indigofera mucronata and probably some others, the substances indospicin , canavanine and hiptagenic acid occur. These cause hereditary damage and are made responsible for specific horse diseases.
photos
swell
Gao Xinfen & Brian D. Schrire: Fabaceae in the Flora of China : Indigofera - Online. SI Ali: Papilionaceae in the Flora of Pakistan : Indigofera - Online.
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c G. Lewis, B. Schrire, B. Mackinder & M. Lock: Legumes of the world , RBG Kew, 2005. ISBN 1-900347-80-6
- ^ A b Indigofera in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ^ Robert Hegnauer, Minie Hegnauer: Chemotaxonomy of plants; ISBN 978-3-7643-6269-0 .