Indian nard

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Indian nard
Indian nard (Nardostachys grandiflora DC.)

Indian nard ( Nardostachys grandiflora DC.)

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Cardigans (Dipsacales)
Family : Honeysuckle Family (Caprifoliaceae)
Subfamily : Valerian family (Valerianoideae)
Genre : Nardostachys
Type : Indian nard
Scientific name
Nardostachys grandiflora
DC.

The Indian nard , nard ear , also spoke ear or spikenard (Latin spica nardi ) as well as Speik ( Nardostachys grandiflora DC .; synonym: Nardostachys jatamansi ) (Greek: nárdos , old pers .: nárda , from sanskr. Nálada = the fragrant ) is a species of the genus Valerianoideae . It is a useful and medicinal plant from the Himalayas , which was exported to the Mediterranean region in ancient times and used to prepare precious oils and ointments.

Occurrence

The plant grows wild in the Himalayas up to 5,500 meters above sea level. She comes from China (Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan) and Bhutan , India (Sikkim, Uttar Pradesh) and Nepal .

It is now threatened with extinction due to uncontrolled wild collection. B. from Nepal are no longer exported as raw materials. There are attempts to cultivate the plant in northern India and Nepal .

Systematics

Nardostachys grandiflora was published in 1830 by Augustin-Pyrame de Candolle in Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis , Prodr. 4: 624 mentioned. Synonyms for Nardostachys grandiflora DC. are Nardostachys jatamansi auct., and Nardostachys chinensis Batalin.

use

In the medicine

The (Indian) nard is already as Salböllieferant in the Old Testament ( Song 1.12 and 4.13 f.) And in the New Testament mentions (John 12.3 and Mk 14.3). Nardostachys jatamansi auct. ( Nardostachys grandiflora DC.) Is a plant that was also used from the early Middle Ages to modern times for the production of a healing oil (" Speiköl ", Nardenöl , oleum nardinum ) and also one of the classic extract plants in Ayurveda , traditional Indian medicine. It is called Jatamansi in Sanskrit and is used - similar to valerian in European herbal medicine - as a sedative or for vatagenic nerve disorders. In addition, Ayurveda ascribes a "strengthening the spirit and promoting awareness" effect.

As incense

The Indian nard is also used as incense and was already burned in the temples of ancient Egypt as a component of incense mixtures.

Cultural history

In the Periplus Maris Erythraei , the nard is mentioned as a commodity from the Indian port of Barbarikon . Ovid and Horace tell of men who anoint their hair with nard oil .

Nard oil is also known from its mention in the New Testament , from the biblical story of Jesus ' anointing in Bethany : Mary , Martha's sister , anointed Jesus' feet with precious nard oil. In the Bible, the value of the oil used is given as 300 deniers , which roughly corresponds to the annual wage of a worker, i.e. around 20,000 € based on today's value. When one of his disciples, Judas Iscariot , criticized this, Jesus rebuked him ( Jn 12 : 1-7  EU ). For the representation of nard oil in Christian art, see real valerian .

See also

swell

literature

  • Robert Zander : Zander concise dictionary of plant names. Edited by Fritz Encke , Günther Buchheim, Siegmund Seybold . 15th edition, corrected reprint of the 14th edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-8001-5072-7 .
  • Lionel Casson: The Periplus Maris Erythraei: text, translation, and commentary , Princeton, Princeton University Press 1989.
  • Ingrid and Peter Schönfelder : The new manual of medicinal plants , Franckh-Kosmos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2011, ISBN 3-440-09387-5

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rhyner, Hans-Heinrich, u. Birgit Frohn: Medicinal plants in Ayurveda, Baden a. Munich 2006, p. 186.
  2. ↑ a b c Nardostachys grandiflora in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  3. ↑ ibid., P. 187.
  4. ↑ Teresa Mulliken, Petra Crofton: Review of the status, harvest, trade and management of seven Asian CITES-listed medicinal and aromatic plant species . BfN , Bonn 2008, DNB  989151360 , p. 48-50 ( PDF ).
  5. ↑ Ulrich Stoll (Ed.): The 'Lorsch Pharmacopoeia'. A medical compendium of the 8th century (Codex Bambergensis medicinalis 1): text, translation and technical glossary. Stuttgart 1992 (= Sudhoffs Archiv. Supplement 28), pp. 374-377.
  6. ↑ Carolus Clusius: Antidotarium sive De exacta componendorum miscendorumque medicamentorum ratione libri tres […]. Christopher Plantin, Antwerp 1561, sheet 106 f.
  7. ↑ Lad, Vasant et al. David Frawley: Ayurveda Herbal Medicine. The yoga of herbs, trans. v. Chr. Baker, Haldenwang 1987, p. 156.
  8. ↑ Indian nard (nardostachys grandiflora). Retrieved December 19, 2015 .
  9. ↑ In the third book of his Liebeskunst, Ovid addresses women and warns against men who groom themselves too much (Ov. Ars III, 443): nec coma vos fallat liquido nitidissima nardo (Do not be fooled by a head of hair that shines greasily of liquid spikenard.)
  10. ↑ Horace describes a man who is no longer youthful, but who is completely devoted to the joys of life (Hor. Carm. II, 11, 16-17): Assyriaque nardo potamus uncti ([Why] we don't drink, anointed with Assyrian [= Indian] nard oil ?)

Web links

Commons : Indian spikenard ( Nardostachys grandiflora )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files