Integral ABS

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ABS symbol
ABS symbol

The integral ABS is a motorcycle brake system by the motorcycle manufacturer BMW that has been offered since 2001 , which works on the principle of a composite brake and is equipped with an anti-lock braking system. As early as 1976, Moto Guzzi called its composite brake an integral brake .

BMW offered its composite brake in two versions:

  • Partly integral system: the handbrake lever acts on the front and rear brakes, the footbrake lever only acts on the rear brake.
  • Fully integral system: the hand brake lever and the foot brake lever act simultaneously on the front and rear brakes - available in the BMW K 1200 LT model from 2001 to 2009.

First generation (CORA BB), 2001-2006

The integral ABS with brake booster was developed by FTE automotive under the name CORA BB and has only been installed in BMW models since 2001. The models R 1100 S , R 1150 R and R 1150 GS and R 1150 RS were optionally equipped , K 1200 LT , K 1200 RS and R 1150 RT as standard.

A coil provides the electromagnetic modulation of the brake pressure, the coil acts like an electromagnet on the control piston. In the case of ABS control, the electromagnet holds the control piston back against the control pressure exerted by the driver from the master brake cylinder and thus reduces the brake pressure. For safety reasons, the control valves are designed in such a way that the driver has a residual braking function even when the system is not activated. The CORA BB-System was delivered with rear-wheel-lift-off-protection. If the evaluation of the sensor signals indicates that the rear wheel has lost contact with the ground, the system briefly lowers the pressure in the front wheel brake circuit. This is calculated using an indirect method based on the wheel speeds and plausibility comparisons. Specific bumps in the road surface (bumps) can also briefly release the front brake.

Brake booster

The brake booster installed as standard in a motorcycle for the first time ensured, according to BMW, a faster brake pressure build-up and reduction with less operator force. Compared to a motorcycle equipped with ABS II, manual force is reduced to 50% with a braking deceleration of 6 m / s², and with this system the braking pressure is built up 0.1 seconds faster than with a conventional brake. The possible control frequency of the system was between 30 and 80 milliseconds. In the driving test, the hand force required for a maximum deceleration (10 m / s²) was 80 Newtons , the foot force was a maximum of 180 Newtons.

Residual braking function

The residual braking function is an emergency function in the event of the brake booster failing as specified by the legislature. If the hydraulic pump and the electromagnetic coils are not active, the ball closes the ball seat and the remaining brake piston is moved. The manual brake pressure generated in this way requires (significantly) more manual force and greater lever movement compared to the active brake. Depending on the model, the maximum braking power with a favorable setting of the brake lever is between 5 and 7 m / s². The manual force to be applied increases to the legal limit of 200 Newtons .

System criticism

The CORA BB system was only used in BMW motorcycles and was criticized for system failures. The focus of the criticism was the brake booster, with the function of a brake assistant , which could lead to a "surprise effect for the driver" in the event of a system failure, caused by the feeling that the brake was no longer available. The cause of a system failure was external faults on the sensors, the brake light switches, broken cables, loose plug connections, etc., faults in the electronics (defective control units) or the electrical pumps. BMW responded to the criticism with a two-day product presentation (July 22/23, 2005) at Munich Airport (Driver Training Center, FTZ). Participants were press representatives, government officials, providers of driver safety training and driving school associations. Two experienced professional drivers (a driver from TÜV-Süd and BMW project engineer Hans-Albert Wagner) showed that they can only use the residual braking function at an initial speed of 80 km / h, with more than doubled hand strength, delays of up to 9, Could reach 87 m / s². This was to demonstrate that in the event of an ABS failure, the activation of the residual brake has no effect on the braking performance. This demonstration was assessed as "not representative" because it was predictable for the drivers. It was also criticized that BMW had already developed a successor system without a brake booster and therefore "had to save its innovation over time."

Recall campaign

From March 2006, 90,000 BMW motorcycles worldwide with integral ABS of the type K 1200 S , K 1200 R , R 1200 GS , R 1200 RT and R 1200 ST were the subject of a technical campaign offered to customers, which included the banjo bolt of the hand brake pump was exchanged for one with an inserted pinhole. This should prevent pressure peaks in the brake hydraulics, which could occur when the brake lever was operated extremely quickly and, in combination with a low battery voltage, could lead to ABS failure in individual cases.

Second generation, 2006 – to date

Conti MIB

The integral ABS II (Conti MIB) developed by BMW and Continental-Teves since 2003 came onto the market in August 2006 and is only available in the partially integral version . The Conti MIB is based on the valve principle and does not require a brake booster. The brake pressure for the front wheel brake is applied purely hydraulically by the hand lever, the brake pressure for the rear wheel circuit is generated with the help of an electronically controlled hydraulic pump. In the event of faults in the hydraulic pump or electrical components, the rear brake works conventionally and independently of the front brake circuit. Since June 2010, BMW has offered ASC for retrofitting the 2nd generation integral ABS .

Bosch 9ME

In 2009, BMW introduced the deactivatable Race ABS (Bosch 9ME) on the BMW S 1000 RR, an ABS with four different route modes (Rain, Sport, Race, Slick) that the driver can select . In the “Rain and Sport mode”, the ABS system works in the same way as the partially integrated systems of the current BMW models with “ideal” braking force distribution. In Race mode, the ABS is tailored to the conditions of the race track, and the rollover assistant can also be deactivated. In slick mode, the ABS on the rear wheel is also deactivated when the footbrake is pressed, and the rear wheel can be over-braked at the entrance to the curve. BMW's Race ABS has been used successfully in IDM motorcycle races since 2009 with slight modifications .

See also

literature

  • ATZ Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift 103 (2001) Issue 3. Pages 200–208: The new Integral ABS from BMW Motorrad.
  • BMW motorcycles. Special issue no.13. Motorcycle magazine. 2005. Integral ABS under fire. Pages 52–59

Web links

References

  1. ↑ BMW Motorrad: press release 7/2005, page 1
  2. ↑ The Integral ABS from BMW Motorrad ( Memento from November 1, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
  3. ↑ BMW Motorrad: press release 7/2005, page 5
  4. ↑ ATZ
  5. ↑ BMW Motorrad: press release 7/2005, page 5
  6. ↑ The partially integral ABS in the new K 1200 S from BMW ( Memento of the original dated November 1, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.9 MB) accessed on July 13, 2010  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tuev-sued.de
  7. ↑ BMW Motorrad: Integral ABS, press release 7/2005
  8. ↑ Marion Englert: If time comes, advice ... or not. Page 47 ff  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: bikersjournal.de 06-2005@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.bikersjournal.de  
  9. ↑ Spiegel-online from July 11, 2005 ABS problems. BMW inspects 260,000 motorcycles
  10. ↑ Thomas Delekat: BMW, hydraulics and the avalanche . In: DIE WELT , July 9, 2005.
  11. ↑ BMW Motorrad Integral ABS, August 10, 2005 (PDF; 86 kB) Answers to your questions
  12. ↑ Thomas Ihle: Dog bites the postman ... or is it just all half as bad? Page 49  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: bikersjournal.de 06-2005@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.bikersjournal.de  
  13. ↑ Marion Englert: If time comes, advice ... or not. Page 47 ff  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: bikersjournal.de 06-2005@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.bikersjournal.de  
  14. ↑ Wilhelm Hahne: The BMW motorcycle ABS in its first implementation ( Memento from May 23, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) In: MOTOR-KRITIK . Retrieved July 10, 2010
  15. ↑ Spiegel-online.de of April 7, 2006 BMW-Motorrad-ABS: throttling the pressure peaks
  16. ↑ conti-online.com Electronic braking systems for motorcycles. Retrieved July 10, 2010
  17. ↑ atzonline from July 7, 2006  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. BMW develops third generation Integral ABS for motorcycles@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.atzonline.de  
  18. ↑ Motorradonline.de of June 2, 2010  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ASC for motorcycles with Integral ABS II@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.motorradonline.de  
  19. ↑ BMW-Motorrad, accessed on July 4, 2010 Technical data of the S 1000 RR
  20. ↑ Christian Landerl, Felix Deissinger, Hans-Albert Wagner, Hans-Jürgen Jahreiss: Extended driver assistance by linking the engine and chassis control systems of the BMW S 1000 RR. Proceedings of the 8th International Motorcycle Conference 2010. Page 362 ff