Inter-State Forty

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Inter-state
Inter-State Forty Model 31-A Demi Tonneau (1911)
Inter-State Forty Model 31-A Demi Tonneau (1911)
Forty
Thirty
Production period: 1910-1912
Class : upper middle class
Body versions : Roadster , touring car , demi - tonneau , torpedo
Engines:
Petrol engines 5.2–5.8 liters
22.4–29.8 kW
Length:
Width:
Height:
Wheelbase : 2997 mm
Empty weight : 900-1315 kg
Previous model Forty: 35/40 hp
Thirty: Forty
successor Forty: Model 45
Thirty: none

The Inter-State Forty and its smaller variant Thirty were American upper middle class passenger cars . The Forty was in the range from 1910 to 1912, the Fifty from 1911 to 1912. The names are derived from the respective engine output; In addition to the engine, the differences also affected the wheelbase . The vehicles were manufactured by the Inter-State Automobile Company in Muncie , Indiana .

Model history

The Inter-State Automobile Company was founded in late 1908 by Thomas F. Hart with the help of several investors and was based at 142, Willard street . The name of the company and its product was the result of a competition that Hart held in Muncie. After the Inter-State 35/40 hp , the Forty 1910 was the second model that the manufacturer brought onto the market. It was a conventionally constructed upper middle class car with a powerful, large-volume, side-controlled four - cylinder engine that was offered in a wide range of five body variants for a small manufacturer. Four of them cost US $ 1750 each; a torpedo was available for US $ 2,000. This program continued in 1911. At the top, the range was supplemented with the Inter-State Fifty , an entry-level model in the upper class of the time .

Although there must have been signs of a financial squeeze as early as 1912, all the bodies were redesigned and additional versions of the Fifty were released. The Forty was upgraded with an even larger engine; in the form of the new thirty , however, the previous one remained in the program. Inter-State now stated its output as 30 bhp (22.4 kW); It is not known whether and which technical changes are behind it. The Thirty was available in two versions (including a roadster as an entry-level model with the body of the 1911 Forty ), the Forty in four and the Fifty in three versions.

The new bodies looked more massive and had doors to all seats with the exception of the aforementioned Thirty Roadster. It is likely that this new base model was intended to reduce stocks of remaining bodies.

For 1913 these three series were canceled without replacement. Instead there was only a single six-cylinder model , and this only as a Touring. Its positioning in terms of price and performance between Forty and Fifty , as well as the name Model 45 suggest that it should replace both and that no successor was planned for the Thirty .

In October 1913, the company filed for voluntary bankruptcy , which led to ordinary bankruptcy proceedings at the end of that year. The company was absorbed and reorganized under new management. After another year of production for the Model 45 , the Inter-State Model T was a completely new series in the lower middle class. The company closed at the end of 1918.

The production figures for Thirty , Forty and Fifty were: 627 vehicles for the 1910 model year, 839 for the 1911 model year and 1012 for the 1912 model year. It is unclear whether this figure includes some 35/40 hp predecessors and a few successors Model 45s and, if necessary, prototypes are included. A breakdown by thirty , forty or fifty is also not possible.

technology

The Forty was the backbone of the manufacturer and was based on the 35/40 hp from 1909.

engine

From 1910 to 1911 the Forty's engine was a large, water-cooled , side-actuated four - cylinder , 4½ "(114 mm) bore and 5" (127 mm) stroke , giving a displacement of 318.1 cubic inches (5212 cc). The crankshaft had three bearings. First there was high-voltage magneto ignition with a dry battery; Dual ignition was introduced in 1912 .

The mixture preparation was carried out in 1912 by Stromberg - carburetor . but this was probably the case earlier. The engine made 40 bhp (29.8 kW); an ALAM rating of 32.4 PS can be derived from the specified borehole .; this was a common, but very imprecise, method of measuring performance. It is interesting that the advanced oil pump for engine lubrication that existed in 1910 was replaced by centrifugal lubrication during production. The cooling was using honeycomb radiator and safely since 1911 with a centrifugal - Water pump support.

For the 1912 model year, this engine was used to drive the new Thirty , which otherwise corresponded to the 1911 Forty . The only difference that can be seen from the literature is that the manufacturer specified an output of 30 bhp (22.4 kW) for the Thirty . It is unclear whether this change only existed on paper or whether technical adjustments were also made. After all, the Thirty also received a double ignition system and a Stromberg carburetor. Because the cylinder bore is decisive for the ALAM rating, it remained at 32.4 hp.

The Forty received a larger engine in 1912 with (unchanged) 4½ "(114 mm) bore and (new) 5.5" (140 mm) stroke, resulting in a displacement of 349.9 cubic inches (5734 cm³). As mentioned, the mixture was also prepared using a Stromberg gasifier. For this engine, too, 40 bhp (29.8 kW) were specified and its ALAM rating of 32.4 PS did not change because of the unchanged cylinder bore.

Power transmission

It was shifted by means of a conventional three-speed manual transmission and multi-plate clutch; the power was transmitted to the rear axle via a cardan shaft . This is constructed "free-floating", i.e. H. the drive half-waves are freed from lateral forces. The outer shaft end is in the wheel hub.

Chassis and suspension

Typical rear axle suspension (1912) with three-quarter elliptical springs ("Underslung" design with an axle attached above the springs).

All Inter-State built between 1909 and 1912 are right hand drive . Forty and Thirty share the chassis and wheelbase of 118 inches. (2997 mm) The track width of the Forty was initially 56.5 inches (1435 mm) and at least in 1912 56 inches (1422 mm).

As far as can be seen, it is a conventional ladder frame that has been derived with some certainty from the 35/40 . The vehicle has rigid axles at the front and rear. These are suspended from semi-elliptic leaf springs at the front and three-quarter elliptic leaf springs at the rear . Contemporary photos show wooden artillery wheels with 10 spokes at the front and 12 at the back; where spare tires are visible, they appear to be mounted on removable rims . This was a step towards a little more comfort in times of non-removable wheels: You only had to replace the rim and remove the defective tire at home and repair it or take it to a specialist. Uniformly, 34 × 4 inches are intended for Thirty and Forty tires.

The foot brake pedal acts on the inner shoe brake drums on the rear axle; the handbrake operates an external shoe brake , which is attached either to the rear axle, to the gearbox or to the differential .

The gas tank holds 16 US gallons (60.6 liters) for the Thirty and 18 gallons (68.2 liters) for the Forty .

The 1912 chassis number for Thirty , Forty and Fifty is located in the vehicle in front of the driver's seat. It is a four-digit production number and consists of numbers between 4104 and 6000; the specific model cannot be read from this consecutive production number.

Bodies

Below is a brief explanation of the now unusual looking body designations of the Inter-State Thirty and Forty . Inter-State used a separate model number for each combination of chassis and body, which is broken down in the model overview.

Touring, Fore-door Touring and Torpedo

In its first two years of production, 1910 and 1911, the Forty was available in five body styles. The Touring , an open five-seater with mostly two rows of seats and an emergency roof, was the most common and probably also the most frequently ordered from Inter-State . Larger versions often had jump seats that could be folded out of the back wall of the front seats or from the floor, or three rows of seats. The touring was also called the double phaeton in Europe . At first there were only doors in the back; began when such enforce forward, these vehicles were i9n a short transition period Fore-door Touring called to them from quickly outmoded Touring delineate. The same was done with other body shapes such as the tonneau and even the roadster, although this had no "front" doors. The term "touring" gradually disappeared in favor of Phaeton (more in the US) and Torpedo (more in Europe). In the transition period in which the Inter-State was built, the torpedo was usually a four-seater design with four doors and a smooth transition from the bonnet to the body.

When touring, the Inter-State Forty weighed at least 2,700 lbs (1225 kg), according to another source as much as 2900 lbs (1315 kg). In 1911 the car appeared significantly slimmed down at just 2000 lbs (907 kg); In 1912 the new fore-door superstructures should have been responsible for another weight gain to 2500 lbs (1135 kg). The Thirty Touring wasn't easier.

  • A typical touring: Thomas Flyer 1910.

  • ALCo Six Fore-door Touring (1912).

  • Crane-Simplex Model 5 Phaeton (1916).

Roadster and Fore-door Roadster

Another version was the roadster . Similar to the runabout , this was originally an alternative name for a motor buggy , i.e. a two-seater "carriage without horses" with the motor under the seat or in the rear. When the engine in front caught on in the early 1900s, both terms were used analogously. Even if we have got used to two-seater roadsters today, this was by no means the rule until well into the 1930s. In the times of the Inter-State , an additional single seat, double seat or bench was often attached to the rear. In this form, the 4-passenger roadster was also referred to as the Tourabout . The transition to the lightly built Toy Tonneau is fluid. Inter-State offered the Roadster as a Forty with either three or four seats; the Thirty no seat number was noted. The roadster was handled analogously to fore-door touring, although it had no "front" doors.

  • Stoddard-Dayton Model 10C 4-passenger Roadster (1910).

  • EMF Model 30 Fore-door Roadster (1912).

Demi-Tonneau and Fore-door Demi-Tonneau

The tonneau is one of the oldest body shapes and goes back to appropriately constructed carriages. Access to the rear ("tonneau") was mostly via a door in the rear, more rarely on one side. The seating arrangement was often (but not necessarily) "U" shaped, often with a folding seat attached to the inside of the door. Often the seats were arranged lengthways to the direction of travel. "Demi" or also close coupled means that the rear compartment was shortened and the rear seat was moved forward, which looked "sportier". The term is also used in connection with other body designs such as touring, sedan or other multi-row bodies. Analogous to the fore-door touring , there was also the fore-door tonneau .

  • A tonneau with an additional fixed roof (Packard Model L 1904).

  • Typical tonneau stern with access door (Sunbeam 1903).

Model overview

Inter-State Forty (1911-1912)

model construction time engine
Cubic capacity c.i. / cm³		 Power
bhp / kW		 Wheelbase
inches / mm		 body Prices
US $
Forty Model 30 1910 R4 sv 5212 / 318.1 40 / 29.8 118.0 / 2997 Touring , 5 pl. 1750.-
Forty Model 31 1910 R4 sv 5212 / 318.1 40 / 29.8 118.0 / 2997 Demi - Tonneau , 4 pl. 1750.-
Forty Model 32 1910 R4 sv 5212 / 318.1 40 / 29.8 118.0 / 2997 Roadster , 3 pl. 1750.-
Forty Model 33 1910 R4 sv 5212 / 318.1 40 / 29.8 118.0 / 2997 Roadster, 4 pl. 1750.-
Forty Model 34 1910 R4 sv 5212 / 318.1 40 / 29.8 118.0 / 2997 Torpedo , 4 pl. 2000.-
Forty Model 30-A 1911 R4 sv 5212 / 318.1 40 / 29.8 118.0 / 2997 Touring, 5 pl. 1750.-
Forty Model 31-A 1911 R4 sv 5212 / 318.1 40 / 29.8 118.0 / 2997 Demi-Tonneau, 4 pl. 1750.-
Forty Model 32-A 1911 R4 sv 5212 / 318.1 40 / 29.8 118.0 / 2997 Roadster, 3 pl. 1750.-
Forty Model 33-A 1911 R4 sv 5212 / 318.1 40 / 29.8 118.0 / 2997 Roadster, 4 pl. 1750.-
Forty Model 34-A 1911 R4 sv 5212 / 318.1 40 / 29.8 118.0 / 2997 Torpedo, 4 pl. 2000.-
Forty Model 40 1912 R4 sv 5734 / 349.9 40 / 29.8 118.0 / 2997 Fore-door touring, 5 pl. 2400.-
Forty Model 41 1912 R4 sv 5734 / 349.9 40 / 29.8 118.0 / 2997 Fore-door demi-tonneau, 4 pl. 2400.-
Forty Model 42 1912 R4 sv 5734 / 349.9 40 / 29.8 118.0 / 2997 Fore-door Roadster, 2 pl. 2400.-

Inter-State Thirty (1912)

model construction time engine
Cubic capacity c.i. / cm³		 Power
bhp / kW		 Wheelbase
inches / mm		 body Prices
US $
Thirty Model 30-A 1912 R4 sv 5212 / 318.056 30 / 22.4 118.0 / 2997 Fore-door touring, 5 pl. 1750.-
Thirty Model 32-A 1912 R4 sv 5212 / 318.1 30 / 22.4 118.0 / 2997 Roadster 1700.-

Body and equipment

It can also be seen that acetylene or oil lamps were used for lighting .

Production numbers

Model year number of pieces
1910 627
1911 839
1912 1012
Total 2478

These model year production figures are based on information from automotive historians Beverly Rae Kimes and Henry Austin Clark, Jr. in the Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805-1942 . They include the Forty (1910-1912), Fifty (1911-1912) and Thirty (1912) series; a breakdown by model and / or body variant is not possible.

Inter-State Thirty and Forty today

A 1911 Inter-State Forty Model 31-A Demi-Touring at the 2015 Carmel Tour d'Elegance.

At least one Inter-State Forty has been preserved. It is a Forty Model 31-A Demi-Tonneau from 1911. The Inter-State Motor Car Registry is used to exchange information among the few owners of an Inter-State .

Remarks

  1. ↑ The ALAM ( Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers ) was the first US standards organization. The power is calculated: cylinder bore ² × number of cylinders; the result is divided by 2.5. SAE-PS were later developed from this formula . It is also based on the British tax PS of the time. Their problem was that the factor 2.5 became less precise with increasingly higher speeds.
  2. ↑ Analog Close Coupled Touring, a tonneau with the rear offset to the front.
  3. ↑ The term "Fore-door" refers to the fact that all places were accessible through a door; Roadsters had none before and Touring only had the rear.

literature

  • Beverly Rae Kimes (ed.), Henry Austin Clark Jr.: Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805-1942. 3. Edition. Krause Publications, Iola WI 1996, ISBN 0-87341-428-4 .
  • Beverly Rae Kimes: Pioneers, Engineers, and Scoundrels: The Dawn of the Automobile in America. Published by SAE ( Society of Automotive Engineers ) Permissions, Warrendale PA, 2005, ISBN 0-7680-1431-X .
  • Robert D. Dluhy: American Automobiles of the Brass Era: Essential Specifications of 4,000+ Gasoline Powered Passenger Cars, 1906-1915, with a Statistical and Historical Overview. Mcfarland & Co Inc. publishers, Jefferson NC, 2013; ISBN 0-7864-7136-0 .
  • Axel Madsen: The Deal Maker: How William C. Durant made General Motors , John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1999; ISBN 0-471-39523-4 .
  • Alfred P. Sloan : My Years With General Motors , 2nd edition (Sept. 1965), Verlag Moderne Industrie (German licensed edition of My Years With General Motors , Doubleday & Co., Garden City NY, USA)
  • Lawrence R. Gustin, Kevin M. Kirbitz, Robert A. Lutz (Introduction): David Buick's Marvelous Motor Car: The Men and the Automobile that Launched General Motors. RateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2nd amended and expanded edition, 2011; ISBN 1-4662-6367-9 .
  • Albert Mroz: Illustrated Encyclopedia of American Trucks and Commercial Vehicles. Krause Publications, Iola WI 1996; ISBN 0-87341-368-7 .
  • Albert Mroz: American Cars, Trucks and Motorcycles of World War I: Illustrated Histories of 224 Manufacturers. Mcfarland & Company Publishers, Jefferson NC, 2009; ISBN 978-0-7864-3967-6 .
  • GN Georgano (Ed.), G. Marshall Naul: Complete Encyclopedia of Commercial Vehicles. MBI Motor Books International, Osceola WI (1979); ISBN 0-87341-024-6 .
  • GN Georgano (Ed.): Complete Encyclopedia of Motorcars, 1885 to the Present. Dutton Press, New York, 2nd edition (hardcover), 1973; ISBN 0-525-08351-0 .
  • National Automobile Chamber of Commerce : Handbook of Automobiles 1915–1916. Dover Publications, 1970.

Web links

Commons : Inter-State Forty  - collection of images, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Kimes, Clark: Standard Catalog. 1996, p. 771 (Inter-State).
  2. ^ A b c Kimes, Clark: Standard Catalog. 1996, p. 772 (Inter-State).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g classiccardatabase.com: Standard Specifications 1910 Inter-State Forty.
  4. ↑ a b classiccardatabase.com: Standard Specifications 1911 Inter-State Forty.
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h classiccardatabase.com: Standard Specifications 1912 Inter-State Forty.
  6. ↑ a b c d classiccardatabase.com: Standard Specifications 1912 Inter-State Forty.
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Dluhy: American Automobiles of the Brass Era. 2013, p. 87 (Inter-State).
  8. ↑ a b NACC: Handbook of Automobiles 1915-1916 , 1970; P. 12 (PS rating according to ALAM / NACC)
  9. ↑ a b c classiccardatabase.com: Standard Specifications 1912 Inter-State Thirty.
  10. ↑ a b c d classiccardatabase.com: Standard Specifications 1912 Inter-State Thirty.
  11. ↑ Kimes, Clark: Standard Catalog. 1996, p. 773 (Inter-State).
  12. ↑ classiccardatabase.com: Standard Specifications 1912 Inter-State Fifty.
  13. ↑ Kimes, Clark: Standard Catalog. 1996, p. 771 (Fig.Inter-State 35/40 Roadster).
  14. ↑ conceptcarz.com: 1911 Inter-state 31 Forty-A demi-tonneau.
  15. ^ Inter-State Motor Car Registry.