Internet service
An internet service is an application of the internet in the technical sense. The internet itself only provides the infrastructure for data transmission. A benefit for the user arises only from the fact that, based on the structure of the Internet, the user has various services available. The service of the World Wide Web only helped the Internet to break through in the early 1990s. New services are still being added today. The most important and well-known services are briefly described in the following table. For more detailed explanations, see the respective articles.
The Internet services in detail
World wide web
The World Wide Web (abbreviations Web or WWW ) transmits web pages .
A so-called browser program (such as Internet Explorer , Firefox , Opera or Google Chrome ) is used to display the pages .
The World Wide Web has continued to develop since 1990 and, in addition to images, sound, animations and videos, also offers all kinds of interactive content.
A typical WWW address (also called “Internet address” for the sake of simplicity) is for example http://www.wikipedia.org/.
E-mail , electronic letters, are one of the first uses of the Internet.
Internet users can register their own e-mail addresses and can be reached at this. Example of an email address: maxmustermann@wikipedia.org
Popular programs for using and managing e-mails include: B. Outlook , Outlook Express , Evolution and Mozilla Thunderbird .
File management
The File Transfer Protocol service (FTP for short), which has been available since 1971, enables files and folders to be managed over the Internet, while reading and writing Internet access to documents is also possible via HTML, and today includes numerous file types and interactive forms of access.
These services include document servers and repositories for digital libraries , online databases , image databases , software version management , or web archives .
Discussion forums
Discussion forums are used for public communication with other Internet users. Although there is its own standard NNTP for discussion forums , a web application is usually used. The best known and largest discussion forum that uses NNTP is Usenet . It is distributed on several servers that are constantly synchronizing and even has its own URL scheme for faster access with the protocol prefix news. One of the countless Usenet discussion forums is, for example, “ newsalt.de.wikipedia ”.
Chat
A chat enables written real-time conversation with any number of users. Chat rooms are set up for group chats on a specific topic.
Many chat services also offer online contact lists, offline messaging, file sharing, and video chat.
Telephony
Since the spread of broadband internet connections, internet telephony has increasingly replaced analog and ISDN telephony.
watch TV
Live events can be broadcast over the Internet using live streams . Films can be downloaded on demand ( video-on-demand ) .
radio
Games
In this day and age, online games are very common. This gives users the opportunity to play with each other even over long distances.
Use of applications via web applications
Applications that were originally used with local programs (e.g. Office programs) are increasingly being offered via web applications and can be used using a web browser.
Table of the main internet services
| service | Protocol used | Usual ports | description | Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| World wide web | Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) | 80, 443 | For the transmission of websites | Web browser |
| Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3), Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) | 25, 110, 143 | For sending electronic letters (e-mails) | E-mail program | |
| File transfer | File Transfer Protocol (FTP) | 20, 21 | For transferring files | FTP servers and clients such as FileZilla |
| Name resolution | Domain Name System (DNS) | 53 | With this service names are e.g. B. de.wikipedia.org translated into IP addresses | Mostly integrated in the operating system |
| Usenet | Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) | 119 | Discussion forums on all imaginable topics | News client, e.g. B. Microsoft Outlook Express or Mozilla Thunderbird |
| Telnet | Telnet Protocol | 23 | To use remote computers | Available by default on most operating systems: telnet |
| SSH | SSH Protocol | 22nd | For encrypted use of remote computers | ssh, under Windows e.g. B. PuTTY or WinSCP |
| Peer-to-Peer Systems | eDonkey , Gnutella , FastTrack | 6881 to 6889, 4661, 4662, 4665, 4672 ( eDonkey ). 6346 ( Gnutella ), 1214 ( FastTrack ) | z. B. File sharing networks for exchanging files | eMule , FrostWire , Kazaa Lite K ++ , Vuze , μTorrent |
| Internet telephony (VoIP) | H.323 , Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) | 5060 | To phone | For examples see category VoIP |
| Video chat | H.264 , QuickTime streaming | Video telephony | For examples see category VoIP | |
| Virtual Private Network VPN | GRE , IPsec , PPTP | Coupling of LANs through the Internet, optionally with encryption and authentication | OpenVPN | |
| Internet radio | Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) | Listen to / broadcast radio | For examples see category media player | |
| WAIS | Z39.50 | A previous internet search service | ||
| Gopher | Internet Gopher Protocol | 70 | Hypertext-like information service | |
| Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) | (does not use) | Exchange of error and information messages, diagnosis | z. E.g .: ping | |
| Network administration | Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) | 161 | Used for remote configuration, maintenance and monitoring of network components such as B. Routers | |
| Time synchronization | Network Time Protocol (NTP) | 123 | Used to synchronize computers and network components. | ntpdate or ntp-client ( GNU / Linux ) |
Chat services
Chat services are used for real-time communication in writing over the Internet.
| service | Protocol used | Usual ports | description | Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet relay chat | IRC protocol | 194, 6667 | "Ur" chat service | Various client programs or web chats, e.g. B. mIRC (Windows), XChat (Linux, or also Windows) |
| Secure Internet Live Conferencing | SILC protocol | 706 | secure chat service | Various client programs, e.g. B. Pidgin , Colloquy (Mac OS X), Silky, irssi |
| XMPP / Jabber | XMPP | 5222 | Decentralized chat service | Various programs, e.g. B. Psi (Windows, Linux, Mac), Kopete (Linux) |
| Instant messaging | Various proprietary protocols | depending on the protocol | Short messages from person to person, clients often also support IP telephony | Various programs, e.g. B. WhatsApp , Skype |