Isaurian-Pisidian Lake District

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The Isaurian-Pisidian Lake District is located in western Turkey. Here in Asia Minor , parts of Isauria and Pisidia form typical basin landscapes structured by the mountain ranges of the West Taurus with the highest concentration of inland waters in Turkey, the depressions of which are often filled with lakes, which give the region its striking and individual character. These include, above all, the West Tauride Lake District as part of the Inner West Taurus and the Akşehir - İlgın Depression as part of the Western Inner Anatolia. Accordingly, the area around the southwestern Turkish regions of Burdur , Isparta , Eğridir , Beyşehir , Afyon , Dinar and Bolvadin is also known as the "Turkish Lake District" (Göller Bölgesi).

Landscape character

In the northern part of the West Tauride mountain ranges, the confluence of folds in different directions creates a mosaic of clods, so that numerous closed basins (ovas) are created. The overall character of the landscape is therefore determined by mountains and valleys. Due to the geological-geomorphological conditions, a distinction must be made between western and eastern parts of the landscape. Due to the crossing fault lines, the character of the chain mountains is modified in such a way that individual mountain sticks dominate. As a result of the curve of Isparta (West Taurian clusters), the axis of which lies in this lake area, the western mountains and basins strike in a north-east-south-west direction, while in the east they are aligned in a north-west-south-east direction. Due to the isolation of the basins, there are no large rivers. Most of these basins are partially or completely filled with lakes, with the eastern lakes having both fluvial and karst rivers. During the Pleistocene , the levels of the western lakes in particular were subject to strong fluctuations, as a result of which different lake terraces were formed. The eastern lakes, on the other hand, show hardly any signs of such pluvial-age lake level fluctuations due to a well-developed karst system .

View from the southwest side of the Salda Gölü to the Eşler Dağı in Turkey
View from the west side of Eğirdir Gölü near Barla over the lake to the northern Dedegöl Dağları

In the Salda, Burdur and Isparta depressions, in particular, there are several lakes today, some of which were subject to very strong mirror fluctuations during the Pleistocene: Acıgöl , Yaraşlı Gölü , Salda Gölü , Burdur Gölü and Eğirdir Gölü . So was z. B. the level of Lake Burdur 110 m above today's level; at that time the lake also filled the basins of Atabey and Yaraşlı. The basin of the Eğirdir Gölü lies exactly on the axis of the curve of Isparta , from which the north-south orientation results. The level of this lake was hardly affected by fluctuations due to the numerous karst rivers in the Pleistocene.

The karst springs "Ulupınar" near Eldere not only feed the wetlands of the Karakuyu swamps (also Çapalı Gölü), but also supply a large part of the water for the sources of the Great Meander (Büyük Menderes Nehri) near Dinar (Turkey) via a karst tube system.

A specialty is the 1,200 km² Çapalı Gölü (ancient: Aulokrene reed lake), a tectonic lake near Dinar. It lies east of the city between the mountain ranges of the Samsun-Ak Dağ and the Kır-Kızkuyu Dağ in the long polje of the Dombay plain, where various tributaries and karst springs (Kavak Pınarı, Pınarbası) gather. The main source, Ulupınar, has its source near the village of Eldere. The lake is also called Karakuyu Marshes (Turkish: Karakuyu Sazlıkları), Karakuyu Lake or İncesu Lake. The water level varies between 1 and 3.5 m. The lake basin borders the Büyük-Menderes basin in the west, the Çöl plain and the Uluborlu plain in the east, the Ekin plain in the north and the Burdur basin in the south. On the western edge of the swamp at the foot of the Akdağ, the lake's water disappears in a ponor (karst swallow hole) to return to the surface of the earth as meander springs on the western side of the mountainous area.

The picture shows the Beyşehir Lake near Gölyaka on May 1, 1997 on the western bank with a view to the east
View from the height of the İrmasan Pass near Cevizli into the Suğla Gölü basin with the partially dry lake near Çatmakaya (Turkey)

The eastern parts of the landscape include the Yalvaç and Şarkıkaraağaç series of basins, the Sultan DağIarı mountain range , which forms a distinctive border with the inner Anatolian region, as well as the Beyşehir depressions and the karstified basin of Suğla Gölü with the large volcanic massif of Erenler Dağı (2334th Dağı) m) that separates the Lake District from the Konya Depression. The Suğla Lake is subject to very strong fluctuations and occasionally dries up. On the shore, 7 and 10 m above today's water level, pluvial-age lake terraces can be seen. This basin is connected to the Konya plain by the deeply carved epigenetic breakthrough valley of the Çarşamba Suyu. The dominating landscape element of the eastern parts of the landscape is the large karstified basin of Lake Beyşehir .

The Akşehir-Ilgın Depression is primarily one of the northern peripheral areas of the Isaurian-Pisidian Lake District. The overall character of this region consists essentially of a longitudinal basin sunk between Emir Dağı (2066 m) and Sultan Dağları (2531 m), which widens to the southeast and merges into a wide steppe table. The Bozdağlar massif separates this landscape unit from the Konya basin. The elongated depression is divided into three smaller basin spaces, in which today - as in the Pleistocene - there are lakes: Eber-Ova, Akşehir-Ova and Ilgın-Ova. Their hydrology is determined by three lakes Eber Gölü , Akşehir Gölü and Çavuşçu Gölü , which were subject to much more extensive and strong fluctuations in the level in the Pleistocene.

climate

The climate of the Isaurian-Pisidian Lake District, which belongs to Inner Anatolia, is characterized by warm, dry summers and cold, relatively humid winters, which results in the spread of steppe vegetation over the entire area. The climate of the West Tauride Lake District as part of the Inner West Taurus, on the other hand, is Mediterranean in character, but has a continental component because inner Anatolian influences are already noticeable. In addition, Poyraz winds coming in from the north have a certain significance there. Due to the inland location of the area, the amounts of precipitation are no longer as high as e.g. B. in the coastal mountains around the Gulf of Antalya, and the strong chambering of the mountainous landscape brings with it considerable mesoclimatic differentiations.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Oğuz Erol: The natural spatial structure of Turkey . Supplements to the Tübingen Atlas of the Middle East, Series A, No. 15 . Reichert, Wiesbaden 1983, ISBN 978-3-88226-176-9 , pp. 92 f., 129 f .
  2. ↑ İhsan Bulut, Büşra Çağlar Karapınar, Berna Özoğul: Karakuyu Gölü (Afyonkarahisar Dinar) ve Yüzen Adaları . In: TÜCAUM (Türkiye Coğrafyası Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi) Uluslararası Coğrafya Sempozyumu . 13-14 Ekim 2016. Ankara 2016, p. 366 .
  3. ↑ Volker Höhfeld: Meander source . In: Baedeker Alliance Travel Guide Turkey . 3. Edition. Mairs Geographischer Verlag, Ostfildern 1997, ISBN 3-87504-546-7 , p. 152 .
  4. ↑ Okan Koçyiğit: Karakuyu Sazlığı. Retrieved August 16, 2020 (Turkish).
  5. ↑ Türkiye İstatistik Yıllığı Başbakanlık: Türkiye İstatistik Yıllığı 1989 . Ed .: Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü Matbaası. No. 1405. Ankara 1990, ISBN 975-19-0227-4 , pp. 9 .
  6. ↑ Nuri Güldalı: Geomorphology of Turkey . Supplements to the Tübingen Atlas of the Middle East, Series A, No. 4 . Reichert, Wiesbaden 1979, ISBN 3-88226-039-4 , pp. 59 .
  7. ^ Yaşar Eren: Ilgın - Sarayönü (Konya) güneyinde Bozdağlar masifininyapısal özellikleri . In: Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni . tape 39 , no. 2 , 1996, p. 49-63 .
  8. ^ Oğuz Erol: The natural spatial structure of Turkey . Supplements to the Tübingen Atlas of the Middle East, Series A, No. 15 . Reichert, Wiesbaden 1983, ISBN 3-88226-176-5 , pp. 92 f., 129 f .
  9. ↑ Nuri Güldalı: Geomorphology of Turkey . Supplements to the Tübingen Atlas of the Middle East, Series A, No. 4 . Reichert, Wiesbaden 1979, ISBN 3-88226-039-4 , pp. 58-61, 92-99 .
  10. ^ Oğuz Erol: The natural spatial structure of Turkey . Supplements to the Tübingen Atlas of the Middle East, Series A, No. 15 . Reichert, Wiesbaden 1983, ISBN 3-88226-176-5 , pp. 93, 129 .