Islam in Brazil

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The Islam in Brazil was first used by African slaves practiced. The next significant migration of Muslims were Arabs from Syria and Lebanon . The number of Muslims in Brazil according to the 2010 Brazilian census is 35,167, which is approximately 0.018% of the population of Brazil.

slaves

The history of the Muslims in Brazil begins with the importation of African slaves into the country. Brazil bought 37% of all African slaves, more than three million slaves in total. The deportation of these people to Brazil began around 1550 as the native Indians , especially Tupi , proved unsuitable for the heavy work on the sugar cane plantations .

The Bahia slave rebellion in 1835 demonstrated the state of resistance in the "community of men" that 19th century African Muslims in Bahia were known as. The majority of the participants were nago , the local name for ethnic Yoruba . Many of the "men" were soldiers and prisoners of the wars between Oyo , Ilorin and other Yoruba city-states in the first half of the 19th century. Other participants were Hausa and Nupe , along with Jeje or Dahomey soldiers who had converted to Islam or who fought in alliance with Muslims.

Beginning on the night of January 24, 1835, and continuing the next morning, a group of African slaves occupied the streets of Salvador da Bahia and fought soldiers and armed civilians for more than three hours.

Despite the small size and number of participants, the uprising was the largest slave uprising in Brazil and the largest urban slave uprising in America . Over 300 Africans participated and the estimated death toll ranges from fifty to one hundred, although exact numbers are unknown. That number increases even more when the wounded who died in prisons or hospitals are included. Many of the participants were sentenced to death, prison, flogging or deportation. The uprising had nationwide effects. An increased observation of the slaves now began, and the pressure to convert to Catholicism increased. However, the African Muslim community was not wiped out, and as late as 1910 it was estimated that there were around 100,000 African Muslims in Brazil.

Immigration in the 20th century

After the successful assimilation of the Afro-Brazilian community of Muslims, the next period of Islam in the country was primarily the result of Arab immigration from the Middle East and Southeast Asia . Around 11 million Syrian and Lebanese immigrants live throughout Brazil - most of them are Maronite Christians, however , the number of Muslim immigrants has been comparatively low. The greatest concentration of Muslims is in the metropolitan area of São Paulo .

Christian and Muslim Arabs also influenced the architecture and cuisine of Brazil. The influence also extends to fast food: The second largest fast food chain in Brazil is Habib's , which mainly offers Arabic dishes. The diversity of influence extends to companies in the textile industry, which is dominated by traders of Syrian-Lebanese origin (mainly Christian). The São Paulo City Council has a Muslim member named Mohammad Murad who is a lawyer by profession. A number of mosques dot the area around São Paulo, the oldest and most popular of them on Avenida do Estado. Since its inception over seventy years ago, the mosque has added a Koran school , library , kitchen and hall for various occasions.

Muslims live mainly in the states of São Paulo and Paraná . There are Muslim communities in the industrial suburbs of the city of São Paulo and in the port city of Santos , as well as in smaller communities in Paraná in the coastal region and in Curitiba and Foz do Iguaçu in the border triangle of Brazil / Argentina / Paraguay . The community is predominantly Sunni, the Sunnis are almost completely assimilated into society. The youngest Shiite immigrants tend to move towards small island communities in São Paulo, Curitiba and Foz do Iguaçu. There are around 36 mosques and other Islamic religious centers, and Islamic associations, but the history of the Ahmadiyya community did not begin until the late 20th century when the community was founded in Brazil in 1986.

A new trend is the increase in conversions to Islam among non-Arab citizens. A recent Muslim source estimates that nearly 10,000 Muslim converts live in Brazil, which was not confirmed by the 2010 census. The number of Muslims only increased from 27,239 to 35,167 in the period from 2000 to 2010, and then fell to 34,550 by 2012.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ ftp://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Censos/Censo_Demografico_2010/Caracteristicas_Gerais_Religiao_Deficiencia/tab1_4.pdf 2010 census
  2. ^ Lovejoy, Paul E., Muslim Encounters With Slavery in Brazil , Markus Wiener Pub., 2007. ISBN 1-55876-378-3 .
  3. ↑ Kent, R K. "African Revolt in Bahia: 24-25 January 1835." Journal of Social History 3 (1970): 334-356. Jstor. UNCC, Charlotte. 24 Oct. 2007.
  4. ^ A b Reis, João J. "Slave Resistance in Brazil: Bahia, 1807-1835." Luso-Brazilian Review 25 (1988): 111-144. Jstor. UNCC, Charlotte. 24 Oct. 2007.
  5. ^ Johns Hopkins University Press | Books | Slave rebellion in Brazil
  6. ^ Joao Jose Reis, Slave Rebellion in Brazil: The Muslim Uprising of 1835 in Bahia , Johns Hopkins University Press, London 1993
  7. ↑ Steven Barboza, American Jihad , 1993
  8. ↑ a b Oliveira, Vitória Peres de. Islam in Brazil or the Islam of Brazil ?. Translated by Jeffrey Hoff. Religious soc. [on-line]. 2006, vol.2, Special Edition [cited October 25, 2007]. Available from World Wide Web: < http://socialsciences.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-85872006000200002&lng=en&nrm=iso >. ISSN  0100-8587 .
  9. ↑ http://iviews.com/articles/Articles.asp?ref=IV9906-510
  10. ↑ a b "Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor International Religious Freedom Report 2009" ( Memento of the original from October 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. October 26, 2009, US Department of State report on Brazil @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.state.gov
  11. ↑ Ahmadiyya Muslim Mosques Around the World, pg. 307
  12. ↑ Os grupos religiosos mais ricos do país ( Memento of December 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive )