Meadow rue mussels
| Meadow rue mussels | ||||||||||||
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Meadow rue mussel flowers, illustration from Thomés Flora of Germany, Austria and Switzerland , 1885 |
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| Isopyrum thalictroides | ||||||||||||
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The thalictrum shell flowers ( Isopyrum thalictroides ) is a plant type from the family of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae). It is the only native to Europe type of species of mussel flowers ( Isopyrum ).
description
The thalictrum shell flowers is a perennial , herbaceous plant . It is a geophyte with a creeping rhizome . The stature height is ten to 30 centimeters. The one to three basal leaves are long stalked and double threefold, the stem leaves are sessile.
The inflorescence is a foliose (leafed) grape . The lower bracts are completely to irregularly three-lobed, glabrous on the top, hairy on the underside. The flowers sit individually in the leaf axils of the bracts, the flower stalk is one to two centimeters long. They are flat bowl-shaped. The five tepals (No. 1 in the illustration from Thomé's Flora of Germany, Austria and Switzerland , 1885) are white, about one centimeter long and obsolete. The five (to six) nectar leaves (No. 2) are one to two millimeters long, white and shell-shaped, which is what gave this plant species its name. The stamens are numerous and shorter than the tepals. There are usually two carpels . Flowering time is March to May. The follicles (No. 3), including the three to four millimeter long bill, are up to one centimeter long.
The species is diploid, it has the number of chromosomes 2n = 14.
distribution
The meadow rue mussel is only native to Europe. It occurs in western and eastern Europe, but is absent in western central Europe. In Western Europe it occurs southwest of the Belfort - Calais line as far as the Pyrenees, but is absent in southern Mediterranean France. In the east it occurs east of the Verona - Gdansk line to about the Odessa - Petersburg line, as well as in southeastern Europe (excluding Greece and Albania). Between these area blocks there are some small deposits in central and northern Italy and on Corsica. The area is therefore disjoint .
The species is not native to Germany and is very rare in Switzerland (Geneva, Waadt), where it is protected and on the red list. In Austria the species is absent in Vorarlberg, Tyrol and Salzburg. It is considered endangered in the Alps and in the northern foothills of the Alps.
Location description
The meadow rue mussel flower grows in fresh to moist deciduous forests, especially in oak and hornbeam forests and in alluvial forests. It loves warmth and occurs in the colline and submontane altitudes .
photos
Habitat (shared with Anemone ranunculoides )
Habit and flowers of the meadow rue mussel flower
Foliage leaves with whitish, apparent stipples
Blossom with shell-shaped nectar leaves
Flower with five white petals
Follicles, partially open
Seeds
literature
- Manfred A. Fischer , Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
- Hans Ernst Hess, Elias Landolt , Rosemarie Hirzel: Key to the flora of Switzerland . 3rd edition, Birkhäuser, Basel 1991, ISBN 3-7643-2606-9
- Christoph Käsermann: Isopyrum thalictroides. In: Leaflets on species protection - flowering plants and ferns . BUWAL 1999, p. 170f. ( pdf )
- Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas florae europaeae . Volume 8 (Nymphaeaceae to Ranunculaceae). Page 39, Helsinki 1989. ISBN 951-9108-07-6
