Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti
The Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti is a research and cultural institute in Venice that was founded in 1802 and 1810 and has been independent since 1838 . There are two classes, one for the natural sciences and one for the humanities and the arts. 40 members per class are members in the narrower sense (soci effettivi), 80 are corresponding members (soci corrispondenti), plus 25 non-Italians.
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It is managed by a Presidential Council (Consiglio di Presidenza) composed of the President and a Vice-President, an Administrator and two Academic Secretaries. Their choice is confirmed by the Italian minister of culture (Ministro per i Beni e le Attività culturali). The five leaders are supported by a secretariat. Gian Antonio Danieli has been President since 2009; Gherardo Ortalli is the Segretario Accademico for the humanities, Andrea Rinaldo for the natural sciences. Since June 2015 Gherardo Ortalli has been President, Andrea Rinaldo Vice-President, Secretary for the Scienze morali is Francesco Bruni, for the Classe Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali Cesare Montecucco.
history
Founding phase (from 1797)
The founding initiative of the institute goes back to Napoleon , who on November 9, 1797 presented a decree to the Directory of the Cisalpine Republic , which, in Article 297, required the establishment of a national institute for the collection of discoveries and for the perfection of the arts and sciences. Its seat should be in Bologna .
In fact, it was not founded until August 17, 1802, after the Italian Republic had emerged from the Cisalpine Republic. His focus was on physics, mathematics, political and human sciences, and the fine arts. In 1810, however, the institute was moved to Milan and it was now called Reale Istituto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti . Sections emerged in Venice, Bologna , Padua and Verona . The Venetian section comprised 21 men, including Pietro Cossali , Stefano Andrea Renier , Antonio Canova , Ippolito Pindemonte and Angelo Zendrini .
When, as a result of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Northern Italy fell to the Austrian Empire , the institution continued to exist, but the resigned or deceased members could not be replaced.
Self-employment (from 1838)
When Ferdinand I was crowned King of Lombardy-Veneto in Milan in 1838 , he decreed that the institute should be divided. This resulted in two seats, one in Milan and one in Venice. The two institutes thus became independent.
Each of the two institutions was funded with 45,000 Austrian lire annually, including pensions for the corresponding members who were retired. The current (effettivi) received 1,200 lire each year. This system existed until 1935.
On March 1, 1840, the Istituto Veneto held its first meeting; its first president was Leonardo Manin . The 20 honorary members and the 40 effettivi , 20 of whom were entitled to a pension, gathered in the Doge's Palace , at festive hours they went to the Sala dei Pregadi , i.e. where the members of the Senate (until the 16th century also Rogadi or called Pregadi) gathered.
Members of the institute first attended one of the meetings of Italian scientists in Pisa in 1839 . In 1847 the 9th Congresso degli scienziati italiani took place in Venice with around 1500 participants, in the institute that was now called Imperial Regio Istituto Veneto . The Venetian Institute decided to commission a pantheon of the great Italians in the form of sculptures. Today this work consists of more than 50 sculptures located in the atrium of Palazzo Loredan, the seat of the institute.
The members of the early years included Angelo Zendrini , who dealt with the lagoon, the mathematician Giusto Bellavitis , the hydraulic engineer Pietro Paleocapa , the neoclassical architect Giuseppe Jappelli, finally Emmanuele Cicogna , the romantic poet Luigi Carrer and Nicolò Tommaseo.
Revolution, annexation to Italy
In 1848 the members sided with the rebellious Venice under the leadership of Daniele Manin . Many members had to leave the city after the Austrians returned. In 1856 the institute put out a competition to show what economic consequences the construction of the Suez Canal would have for Venice. The winner was Fedele Lampertico , who later became the Senator of the Kingdom of Italy and was President of the Institute four times.
With the takeover of Venice by Italy in 1866, cultural activities were strongly encouraged. On February 21, 1892, the institute moved to its new headquarters in Palazzo Loredan on Campo Santo Stefano . In addition, many of its members supported the house with ideal and financial means, especially Angelo Minich . Extensive scientific studies were carried out, for example on the lagoon or over Crete , contacts with other scientific societies were intensified and the library expanded.
First World War, decline under the fascists
During the First World War and under the fascists , who supported more central institutes like in Rome , the house was little active. Its president Angelo Messedaglia resisted the Italian racial laws of 1938 ( leggi razziali ) and was removed from the Senate and all public office. The institute was increasingly marginalized. In addition, the Republic of Salò claimed a large part of the premises for its own offices. Considerable parts of the holdings collected over a century were lost. After the end of the dictatorship, the part of the name “Reale” (royal) was dropped.
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New establishment, expansion
After the war, the institution had to reposition itself primarily in the new network of relationships between universities and research institutions. Overall, it was possible to avoid provincialization and to develop and reconnect numerous contacts. The members were faced with enormous material expenses because the institute's headquarters had to be completely restored. This happened from 1979 to 1985. In 1999 the Istituto Veneto acquired the Palazzo Franchetti , an impressive palace on the Grand Canal , between the southern end of Campo Santo Stefano and the Grand Canal, just a short distance from the headquarters of the house and the Ponte dell'Accademia .
Exhibitions
- 2012: Ineffable performance. La Fotografia del Giappone 1860–1910 , catalog.
literature
- Giuseppe Gullino: L'Istituto veneto di scienze, lettere ed arti. Dalla rifondazione alla seconda guerra mondiale (1838–1946) , Istituto veneto di scienze, lettere ed arti, Venice 1996.
Web links
Remarks
- ^ The Presidenza on the Institute's website
- ↑ To the Palazzo Franchetti .
- ^ Over paper dashed rain , in: FAZ of March 7, 2012, p. 30
Coordinates: 45 ° 25 ′ 54.9 ″ N , 12 ° 19 ′ 46.6 ″ E