JPEG XR
| JPEG XR | |
|---|---|
| File extension : |
.jxr (zuvor .hdp, .wdp)
|
| MIME type : | image / vnd.ms-photo |
| Developed by: | Microsoft , ITU-T , ISO / IEC |
| Initial release: | April 14, 2009 |
| Type: | Graphic format |
| Contained in: | TIFF |
| Standard (s) : | ITU-T Rec. T.832 (12/2009), ISO / IEC 29199-2: 2010 |
| Website : |
ITU-T T.832 (12/2009) , ISO / IEC 29199-2: 2010 |
JPEG XR (abbr. For JPEG e x tended r is) is a first time in 2009 to published standard for image compression , which is based on technology originally developed by Microsoft under the name HD Photo (formerly Windows Media Photo have been) developed and patented. JPEG XR supports both lossy and lossless compression , a variety of color spaces and coding techniques, as well as alpha channels and additional metadata . All data is combined in a TIFF -like container .
history
After digital photography became increasingly commonplace at the beginning of the millennium, the need for a suitable graphic format increased. By far the most common format is JFIF (JPEG) , technically more advanced solutions such as JPEG 2000 have so far not been able to establish themselves on the market. Windows Media Photo was first introduced in May 2006 at the WinHEC conference hosted by Microsoft .
The format was eventually introduced with Windows Vista . In November 2006 the format was renamed HD Photo. In March 2007 it was announced that Microsoft was planning to standardize HD Photo. At the end of July 2007, Microsoft and the Joint Photographic Experts Group announced the initiation of the standardization process under the name JPEG XR. In mid-March 2009, JPEG XR was adopted as ITU-T Recommendation T.832 and standardized as ISO / IEC 29199-2 in June of the same year.
properties
JPEG XR is based on a block codec and the Hadamard transform . The image is first divided into 4x4 pixel blocks and these are correlated with the lossless Hadamard transformation, an integer transformation, which in this context is also called "Photo Core Transformation" (PCT) and is similar to the discrete one used in JPEG Cosine Transformation (DCT) works. Optionally, a second 4x4 transformation can be added, which works on blocks that are shifted by two pixels in the diagonal. This "Photo Overlap Transformation" (POT) avoids block artifacts . The output of this first filtering are 15 high passes and one low pass per block.
The low-pass component of 16 blocks in each case is filtered again using the same method, with a further POT filtering optionally also being able to be added here. This results in 15 band passes and one low pass per 16 blocks. This arrangement of 16 blocks is also called a macroblock .
This is followed by a quantization , although all high-pass filters, all band-passes and the low-pass each use only one common quantizer.
The entropy coding is done by an adaptive Huffman coder .
The mean square error or the PSNR of JPEG XR images is between JPEG 2000 and JPEG with the same compression rate. The complexity of JPEG XR is slightly higher than that of JPEG, but significantly lower than that of JPEG 2000.
JPEG supports 8 and 12 bit color depths; JPEG XR supports color depths of up to 32 bits.
Application support
JPEG XR files are not supported by any browser except Internet Explorer, so they cannot be used on the Internet.
The following applications support the format directly or via plugins from third-party manufacturers who subsequently submit JPEG XR support for these applications:
| product | Manufacturer | Read | Write |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adobe Flash Player 11 / AIR 3 | Adobe | Yes | Yes |
| Adobe Photoshop | Adobe | Yes (plug-in) | Yes (plug-in) |
| Affinity Designer | Serif | Yes | No |
| Affinity Photo | Serif | Yes | No |
| Ashampoo Photo Commander | Ashampoo | Yes | Yes |
| Capture One | Phase One | Yes | |
| Corel PaintShop Pro | Corel | Yes | Yes |
| Fast picture viewer | Axel Rietschin Software Developments | Yes | |
| GIMP | The GIMP team | Yes (plug-in) | Yes (plug-in) |
| ImageMagick | ImageMagick Studio LLC | Yes | Yes |
| Internet Explorer 9 | Microsoft | Yes | |
| IrfanView | Irfan Škiljan | Yes (plug-in) | No |
| Converter | Logipole software | Yes | Yes |
| Microsoft Expression Design | Microsoft | Yes | Yes |
| Microsoft Expression Media | Microsoft | Yes | No |
| Microsoft Image Composite Editor | Microsoft | Yes | Yes |
| Paint.NET | Rick Brewster | Yes (plug-in) | Yes (plug-in) |
| PhotoLine | Computer island | Yes | Yes |
| Quick look in macOS | Apple | Yes (plug-in) | |
| reaConverter | ReaSoft | Yes | Yes |
| Windows Live Photo Gallery | Microsoft | Yes | Yes |
| Windows Photo Viewer (from Windows Vista) | Microsoft | Yes | |
| Xara Xtreme Pro 4 | Xara Group Ltd. | Yes | No |
| XnView | Pierre-Emmanuel Gougelet | Yes | Yes |
| Zoner Photo Studio | Zoner software | Yes | Yes |
License
The HD Photo format and thus also the JPEG-XR standard contain technologies patented by Microsoft. In an interview in January 2007, a Microsoft representative stated that the specification of the HD photo format would belong to the Microsoft Open Specification Promise , which should lead to the widespread use and standardization of the format. This means that Microsoft wants to offer the specification free of charge and refrain from litigation for patent infringement. As of August 2010, JPEG XR has been on the list of specifications covered by the Community Promise.
In April 2013 Microsoft published an open source JPEG XR library under the BSD license , which, in contrast to the “HD Photo Device Porting Kit”, is also compatible with software that is under one of the common open source licenses such as GNU General Public License stands.
Web links
- Microsoft.com: HD Photo Specification (English)
- CS MSU Graphics & Media Lab Video Group: Windows Media Photo and JPEG 2000 Codecs Comparison (English, PDF; 4.09 MB)
- Image Compression Benchmark (English) - Comparison of JPEG XR with JPEG and JPEG 2000
Individual evidence
- ^ Bill Crow: Industry Standardization for HD Photo. In: msdn / Bill Crow's Digital Imaging & Photography Blog. Microsoft, July 31, 2007, accessed August 6, 2011 .
- ↑ Bill Crow: Introducing HD Photo. In: msdn / Bill Crow's Digital Imaging & Photography Blog. Microsoft, November 17, 2006, accessed October 5, 2010 .
- ↑ André Kramer: HD Photo should become standard. In: heise online. March 7, 2007, accessed October 5, 2010 .
- ↑ Microsoft's HD Photo Technology Is Considered for Standardization by JPEG. Microsoft, July 31, 2007, accessed October 5, 2010 .
- ↑ a b JPEG 2000 Digital Cinema Successes and Proposed Standardization of JPEG XR. Press Release, 42nd Meeting - Lausanne, CH. (No longer available online.) July 6, 2007, archived from the original on March 17, 2009 ; accessed on October 5, 2010 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ T.832: Information technology - JPEG XR image coding system - Image coding specification. ITU, accessed October 5, 2010 .
- ^ JPEG Committee Issues Call for Advanced Image Coding Technologies. Press Release - 49th WG1 Sardinia Meeting. (No longer available online.) July 17, 2009, archived from the original on September 1, 2009 ; accessed on October 5, 2010 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Flash Player 11 and AIR 3 Release Notes for Adobe Labs . Archived from the original on December 30, 2016. Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 14, 2011.
- ↑ JPEG XR File Format Plug-in for Photoshop . Retrieved May 4, 2013.
- ↑ Capture One RAW and output file formats . Retrieved December 6, 2012.
- ↑ Corel Paint Shop Pro Photo X2 Introduces Integrated Support for the Microsoft HD Photo Format . November 20, 2007. Retrieved July 14, 2011.
- ↑ FastPictureViewer's format compatibility chart . Retrieved May 19, 2011.
- ↑ JPEG XR plugin for GIMP . Retrieved May 15, 2013.
- ↑ ImageMagick: Formats . Retrieved May 6, 2013.
- ↑ Image Support . Microsoft Corporation. 2010. Archived from the original on April 12, 2010. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved May 29, 2010.
- ^ Frank Olivier: Benefits of GPU-powered HTML5 . Microsoft Corporation. April 9, 2010. Retrieved May 29, 2010.
- ^ Jean Piquemal: Formats . Archived from the original on November 21, 2010. Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved November 19, 2010.
- ^ Bill Crow: Expression Design Includes HD Photo Support . Microsoft Corporation. March 27, 2007. Retrieved June 1, 2010.
- ↑ Microsoft Research Image Composite Editor . In: Microsoft Research . Retrieved March 9, 2011.
- ↑ JPEG XR plugin for Paint.NET . Retrieved August 27, 2011.
- ↑ JPEG XR plugin for Quick Look . In: Microsoft Research . Retrieved April 5, 2013.
- ↑ Meet reaConverter . In: ReaSoft . Retrieved March 28, 2014.
- ↑ Advanced Features: HD Photo import . In: Xara Group . Retrieved September 10, 2010.
- ↑ Pierre E Gougelet: format . Retrieved September 10, 2010.
- ^ Microsoft Community Promise. Microsoft, accessed July 16, 2011 .
- ↑ jxrlib. Microsoft, April 1, 2013, accessed April 26, 2013 .
- ↑ HD Photo Device Porting Kit 1.0. (No longer available online.) Microsoft December 21, 2006, archived from the original on February 7, 2013 ; Retrieved August 9, 2007 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
