JaG-10

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ЯГАЗ or ЯАЗ
Model of a JaG-10
Model of a JaG-10
JaG-10
Manufacturer: Ярославский (государственный) автомобильный завод
Sales designation: ЯГ-10
Production period: 1931 / 32-1940
Previous model: none
Successor: JaAZ-210
Technical specifications
Designs: Cot
Engines: Gasoline engine
Power: 69-76 kW
Payload: 8 t
Perm. Total weight: 14.8 t

The JaG-10 ( Russian ЯГ-10 ) was a three-axle truck made by the Soviet manufacturer Jaroslawski Gossudarstwenny Awtomobilny Sawod (short JaGAZ, from 1933 Jaroslawski Awtomobilny Sawod , JaAZ). It was in series production from late 1931 / early 1932 to 1940, with around 330 examples being built. The vehicle, which was located above the ZIS-6 , was one of the largest series-produced trucks in the Soviet Union of its time and was also used for military purposes. Today no JaG-10 has survived.

Vehicle history

Side view of the same model from a slightly different perspective
Rear view
Front view

Development and testing

The development of the JaG-10 began in 1931. In that year the Ja-5 two-axle truck was already being manufactured at JaGAZ in Yaroslavl . Six prototypes, each with two driven rear axles, were created on this basis and left the factory on November 7, 1931. The main changes compared to the Ja-5 were a reinforced frame, a modified loading area and a modified chassis. The latter had to be adapted to the additional rear axle, using corresponding designs from the American Moreland Motor Truck Company as a model . In addition, the cardan shafts have been adapted to the new axle configuration and the brakes have been revised. The six prototypes were sent to the vehicle construction institute NATI for testing.

NATI carried out various tests with the vehicles. There were different stress drives on and off the road, during which various defects on the rear axles, cardan shafts and the water pump were found. A recurring problem were screws that cracked under load and unusable ball bearings. The trials took place from November 16 to 27; for comparison, two foreign three-axle vehicles (a three-axle Ford AA and an FWD from the US Four Wheel Drive Auto Company ) were also tested. On November 28, 1931, the vehicles were returned to the factory for revision.

Series production of the vehicle began in 1932 after the tests and the problems were resolved. However, this was not the end of the trials and trials. In the years that followed, NATI developed further prototypes that ultimately did not go into series production. This included the two-axle Ja-7 with 5000 kg payload, as well as the two-axle Ja-8 with 7000 kg payload, both from the early 1930s. The Ja-8 also had a larger wheelbase. In addition, another three-axle model, the Ja-9, was manufactured in 1933, which was very similar to the JaG-10. It was designed a little shorter, the engines used changed several times for various reasons. It was also known as Ja-9-D or Ja-NATI-9. Ultimately, there was no series production. In addition to new motors, worm gears and other technical innovations were also tested on the machines . Two prototypes were built. One of the last prototypes before the war was the completely redesigned JaG-7 from 1939.

Serial production

The first serial copies of the JaG-10 were presented in Moscow on February 2, 1932 . The vehicle was built for nine years from this point in time, with the production figures as follows:

Construction year 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 total
number 35 78 50 15th 75 18th 27 20th 4th 322

In addition, ten JaG-10M trucks were built between 1938 and 1940 with a more powerful engine with 103 hp (76 kW). Like the somewhat weaker engines in the basic version of the truck, this was obtained from the Hercules Engine Company in America. A prototype remained at NATI, with which a total of 333 copies were produced.

The production figures remained low over the entire period. This was not because the Soviet Union did not have a command of the mass production of automobiles. Simple constructions like the GAZ-AA or the ZIS-5 were built tens of thousands of times at that time. However, engines of the required performance class were in short supply in the Soviet Union in the 1930s. This problem had already shown up in previous projects such as the Ja-6 . Engines that were available in bulk - like the 40 hp engine of the GAZ-AA or the 73 hp engine of the ZIS-5 - were too weak for the 15 tons of the JaG-10. There have been attempts in this direction, but they did not produce any usable results.

Since the Red Army and industry urgently needed powerful trucks, all available engines that could be procured from the Hercules Engine Company were made available for the JaG-10 and similar types. Other vehicles such as the Ja-6 omnibus were taken out of production. Nevertheless, the availability of the six-cylinder with seven liters of displacement remained very poor. There were also attempts to purchase engines from Continental , but they were just as unsuccessful. The establishment of a completely in-house engine production failed due to a lack of professional competence, although there were serious efforts in this direction. A license production was also considered, but not realized. In addition, especially in the later years of production, many resources of the Soviet engine construction and development were tied up elsewhere. All efforts were directed towards the production of suitable engines for military equipment such as aircraft and tanks. A new engine production for the automotive industry was therefore no longer possible before the war.

In 1940 the production of the JaG-10 was stopped. From then on, the plant built military equipment. It was not until 1951 that a three-axle truck was built again in Yaroslavl with the JaAZ-210 .

Model variants, use and whereabouts

The truck was basically manufactured as a flatbed truck, although there were also special bodies. The majority of the vehicles went to the army, some were also used civilly. Among the civilian versions there was at least one vehicle with a fire brigade superstructure that survived the Second World War and then remained in use for some time. The vehicle was specially built in 1934 as a fire engine for the oil fields in the Caucasus in Leningrad . It only held 4500 liters of water because the built-in centrifugal pump was very heavy. Two Hercules motors were used, one to drive the vehicle and one to drive the pump.

In 1932, the four - wheel drive four-axle JaG-12 was built based on the JaG-10 , but only a prototype was built. In addition, the JaA-2 “Gigant” omnibus was created with space for up to 100 passengers based on an extended chassis of the JaG-10. The 54-seat and 46-standing bus was built in 1934 and also remained a prototype.

There are photographs of a “Promet” tanker based on the JaG-10, which could transport 8000 l of fuel.

The Red Army provided many vehicles with the 76 mm anti-aircraft cannon M1931 (3-K) , which resulted in the self-propelled gun 76 mm Fla-Sfl 29-K . The trucks were used, among other things, to defend Moscow. Instead of the usual flatbed, the flak was mounted on the frame, with hinged drop sides on the sides. In battle, these could be folded down, providing space and the ability to turn the gun. While driving, they reduced the width of the truck.

Today no JaG-10 has survived. The last vehicles were retired and scrapped by the army after the end of the Second World War. The fire truck no longer exists. The last JaG-10 truck was very likely the single prototype that NATI had until the 1950s and was then scrapped.

Technical specifications

For the prototype of the JaG-10 with platform from 1931. Various data changed slightly over the course of production.

  • Engine: Otto engine, 6 cylinders in line
  • Engine type: Hercules YXC
  • Power: 93.5 PS (68 kW)
  • Displacement: 7022 cm³
  • Tank capacity: 177 l petrol
  • Consumption: 64 l / 100 km (road); 80 l / 100 km (terrain)
  • Range: 275 km (road); 220 km (terrain)
  • Transmission: four-speed mechanical transmission
  • Transmission Type: Brown-Lipe-554
  • Top speed: 42 km / h
  • Drive formula : 6 × 4

Dimensions and weights

  • Length: 6970 mm
  • Width: 2470 mm
  • Height: 2550 mm
  • Wheelbase: 4200 mm
  • Ground clearance: 420 mm
  • Empty weight: 6800 kg
  • Payload: 8000 kg (road); 5000 kg (terrain)
  • Permissible total weight: 14,800 kg
  • maximum negotiable slope: 20 °
  • maximum negotiable gradient: 15 °
  • Trench width that can be traversed: 0.65 m
  • Seats: 3 in the cabin, up to 30 on the loading area
  • Turning circle: 19.4 m

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Comprehensive website on the JaG-10, its development history and the technical data (Russian)
  2. ↑ a b L. M. Shugurow: АВТОМОБИЛИ. России и СССР. First part. P. 83 f.
  3. ↑ Website with illustration and further information about the oil field fire engine (Russian)
  4. ↑ LM Shugurov: АВТОМОБИЛИ. России и СССР. First part. P. 133 f.
  5. ↑ LM Shugurov: АВТОМОБИЛИ. России и СССР. First part. P. 109 f.
  6. ↑ Website with various historical Soviet tankers (Russian)
  7. ↑ Jim Kinnear, Jochen Vollert: Soviet Trucks of World War 2 . P. 33.

literature

  • LM Shugurov: АВТОМОБИЛИ. России и СССР. First part. Ilbi / Prostreks, Moscow 1993, ISBN 5-87483-004-9 .
  • Jim Kinnear, Jochen Vollert: Soviet Trucks of World War 2. Tankograd Publishing, Erlangen 2007. (German and English)

Web links