JaAZ-214

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YesAZ
A KrAZ-214, an exact copy of the JaAZ-214 (2005) except for the hood ornament
A KrAZ-214 , an exact copy of the JaAZ-214 (2005) except for the hood ornament
JaAZ-214
Manufacturer: Ярославский автомобильный завод
Sales designation: ЯАЗ-214
Production period: 1956 / 57-1959
Previous model: none
Successor: KrAZ-214
Technical specifications
Designs: Flatbed , special bodies
Engines: 6-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine
Power: 151 kW
Payload: 7 t
Perm. Total weight: 19.6 t

The JaAZ-214 ( Russian ЯАЗ-214 ) was a heavy three-axle truck with all-wheel drive from the Soviet manufacturer Yaroslavsky Avtomobilny Sawod , or JaAZ for short. Development of the vehicle began in 1950, with series production in the second half of the 1950s. After the end of production at JaAZ in 1959, KrAZ continued to build it under the designation KrAZ-214 almost unchanged until 1963.

Vehicle history

The same vehicle (pontoon layer) photographed from behind (2005)

The JaAZ-214 was redeveloped from the JaAZ-210 in the Yaroslavl plant from 1950 . The first prototypes came to the public in 1951. They still had the driver's cab of the JaAZ-210 with a round radiator grille and differently shaped fenders. Series production began either in 1956 or 1957. Around the same time, the factory began manufacturing the civilian JaAZ-219 without all-wheel drive. Both vehicles used the same revised and slightly lengthened driver's cab with a square grille, an additional protective grille and revised fenders.

As with the JaAZ-210, a six-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine from in-house production was used. However, the output has been increased to 205 hp (151 kW). This made the JaAZ-214 the first heavy off-road truck from Soviet production that had a diesel engine. In contrast to the models without all-wheel drive, large low-pressure tires were fitted, and double tires were not used on the rear axles. In addition, the truck received a significantly shorter loading area and a two-stage reduction gear. This also enables the high trailer load of up to 50 tons on paved roads. If this is reached, the fuel consumption of the almost 70-ton truck combination increases to over 130 l per 100 km.

By 1959, JaAZ had produced 1265 trucks of this type. Then the complete production was transferred to Kremenchuk in the Ukrainian Socialist Soviet Republic to KrAZ, from then on JaAZ built diesel engines. Only the hood ornament, the bear typical of Yaroslavl vehicles, was omitted from KrAZ. Otherwise the vehicle was produced unchanged until 1963 and with slight revisions until 1967 as the KrAZ-214 .

The JaAZ-214, like its successors, served on a larger scale in the Soviet Army . In particular, heavy weapon systems and construction machinery were housed on it. It was the basis for various mobile excavators , the BM-25 multiple rocket launcher system , the S-125 Neva anti-aircraft missile system and the transport vehicle for the Tupolev Tu-121 unmanned drone (later replaced by the MAZ-535 ). In addition, it was used in combination with special trailers as a towing vehicle for other ballistic missiles and was used as a pontoon layer . It was also used as a tractor unit on airfields, together with the corresponding trailers, as a refueling vehicle.

Technical specifications

For the JaAZ-214 manufactured from 1956/57, if known.

  • Engine: six-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine
  • Engine type: JaAZ-206B
  • Power: 205 hp (151 kW) at 2,000 min -1
  • Displacement: 6970 cm³
  • Bore: 108 mm
  • Stroke: 127 mm
  • Compression: 17: 1
  • Transmission: mechanical gearbox, 5 forward gears, 1 reverse gear, first gear unsynchronized
  • Reduction: Two-stage ground reduction
  • Consumption:
    • 070 l / 100 km at an average of 45 km / h and without a trailer
    • 086 l / 100 km at an average of 40 km / h and 15.5 tons of trailer load
    • 135 l / 100 km at an average of 30 km / h and 50 tons of trailer load
  • Tank capacity: 2 × 225 l
  • Top speed: 55 km / h
  • pneumatic steering assistance
  • Drive formula : 6 × 6 (switchable all-wheel drive)

Dimensions and weights

  • Length: 8530 mm
  • Width: 2700 mm
  • Height: 3170 mm above the tarpaulin
  • Ground clearance : 360 mm under the rear axle
  • Wheelbase: 4600 + 1400 mm
  • Track width: 2030 mm
  • Dimensions of the loading area (L × W × H): 4565 × 2490 × 935 mm
  • Height of loading sill: 1650 mm
  • Tire dimension: 15.00-20 "(low pressure tires)
  • maximum negotiable slope: 30 °
  • Fording depth : 1000 mm
  • Turning circle: 26 m
  • Empty weight: 12,300 kg
  • Payload: 7000 kg
  • permissible total weight: 19,570 kg
  • permissible trailer load: 50,000 kg, off-road 10,000 kg

literature

  • New Soviet trucks. In: Motor Vehicle Technology 4/1958, pp. 138-139.
  • Yevgeny Kochev: Автомобили Советской Армии 1946–1991 . Eksmo, 2011, ISBN 978-5-699-46736-5 .
  • LE Kaschew, NG Filatow, KW Sasnow: ЯАЗ / КрАЗ-214/255/260. Армейские автомобили 1956-1990 гг . Armybook, Moscow 2000, without ISBN.
  • LM Shugurov: АВТОМОБИЛИ России и СССР. First part. Ilbi / Prostreks, Moscow 1993, ISBN 5-87483-004-9 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Vehicle history and technical data for the JaAZ-214 (Russian)
  2. ↑ a b c d L. E. Kaschew, NG Filatow, KW Sasnow: ЯАЗ / КрАЗ-214/255/260. Армейские автомобили 1956-1990 гг . Pp. 4-8.
  3. ↑ a b c L. M. Shugurow: АВТОМОБИЛИ России и СССР. First part. Different sides.
  4. ↑ Website for JaAZ-214 with photos of the first prototype from 1951 (Russian)
  5. ↑ a b Yevgeny Kochnev: Автомобили Советской Армии 1946–1991 . Chapter on the JaAZ-214.

Web links