KrAZ-222

KrAZ
Model of a KrAZ-222B from 1963 (photographed in 2020)
KrAZ-222
Manufacturer:	YesAZ , KrAZ
Sales designation:	ЯАЗ-222 КрАЗ-222
Production period:	1957 / 59-1966
Previous model:	JaAZ-210E
Successor:	KrAZ-256B
Technical specifications
Designs:	Dump truck
Engines:	6-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine
Power:	132 kW
Payload:	10 t
Perm. Total weight:	22.2 t

The KrAZ-222 ( Ukrainian КрАЗ-222 ) was a heavy three-axle truck made by the Soviet manufacturer KrAZ . The tipper was the first truck to be built in the rededicated KrAZ plant and was produced from 1959 to 1966. Except for the hood ornament, it is an exact copy of the JaAZ-222 ( Russian ЯАЗ-222 ), which was developed in Jaroslawski Avtomobilny Sawod , Russia , and was built there in series from 1957 to 1959.

The KrAZ-222 was part of a larger family of vehicles. Flatbed trucks (referred to as KrAZ-219 ), tractor units ( KrAZ-221 ) and all-wheel-drive trucks ( KrAZ-214 ) based on the same chassis also rolled off the production lines. From 1963, the tipper was gradually replaced by the optically hardly changed KrAZ-256B , which was built until the 1990s.

Vehicle history

Passenger side with tank (2020)

Vehicle with tipping skip upright (2020)

Front view, note the radiator grille in front of the lamps as a typical feature of the first KrAZ trucks (2020)

Manufacturing at JaAZ

The Jaroslawski Awtomobilny Sawod (JaAZ for short) had been manufacturing heavy three-axle trucks since the early 1950s. Around 1956 the vehicles were completely revised and equipped with a new driver's cab. In this way, a complete family of vehicles was created around the JaAZ-219 flatbed truck , which in addition to the JaAZ-222 tipper also included the all-wheel drive JaAZ-214 and the JaAZ-221 tractor unit .

Series production of the JaAZ-222 began in 1957. The following table shows the number of units built in Yaroslavl for the years 1957 to 1959.

1957	1958	1959	total
18th	1637	1325	2980

In 1958 it was decided at a political level that from now on the plant would only build engines and transmissions for other truck manufacturers in the USSR. In order to achieve this, the entire truck production was outsourced to KrAZ in Kremenchuk in 1959 , where bridge parts had been manufactured up to that point. With almost 3000 copies, the JaAZ-222 was by far the most frequently built representative of the vehicle family.

Production at KrAZ

KrAZ began manufacturing individual components for vehicles as early as January 1959. The first two trucks from Kremenchuk left production in April 1959. At that time, the KrAZ-222 were still being assembled by hand, and assembly line production was not started until May. In the first few years the vehicles were sometimes given the nickname Dnepr (Ukrainian Дніпро ), which was also found on an emblem on the side of the bonnet. These badges were later abolished without replacement.

In the course of the relocation of production, there were hardly any changes to the truck. The cab with the angular radiator grille, which was originally introduced in the JaAZ-214 , was retained. The engine continued to be the in-line six-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine of the type JaAZ-M206, which was supplied by the Yaroslavl plant, now renamed Jaroslawski Motorny Sawod. As before, pneumatic steering assistance was installed. The only visual change was that the hood ornament (the bear typical of the Yaroslavl vehicles) disappeared and the emblem on the radiator was replaced by that of KrAZ.

Like the other models in the vehicle family, the tipper was redesigned around 1963. The resulting version was called KrAZ-222B, the information about which changes were made are contradicting. The payload may have increased from 10 to 11 tons. In addition, the on-board voltage was probably increased from 12 to 24 V, the suspension on the front axle was revised and the engine was also improved in detail.

The KrAZ-222B was built until 1966 and then replaced by the KrAZ-256B with a new V8 four-stroke diesel engine and a higher payload. Overall, KrAZ produced 11,630 KrAZ-222 of all versions in the seven years. During the entire construction period , the truck cost 6,470 Soviet rubles , the annual income of a Soviet worker at that time was an average of just under 1,000 rubles.

The KrAZ-222 was mainly used for civilian purposes in all versions. It was used in almost all major Soviet construction projects of the time. In the Soviet Army he only served in small numbers with the engineer troops. There, the four-wheel drive JaAZ-214 and KrAZ-214 were used as carrier vehicles for various weapons-related equipment.

Since 1964, replicas of the KrAZ-222 have been manufactured in the North Korean Sungri engine factory . The project was intended as Soviet development aid and was officially approved. The trucks designated as Sungri 64 were available in different versions, including a two-axle tipper with a 7.5 ton payload, which KrAZ never produced. In series production, the trucks largely corresponded to the later KrAZ-256B.

Technical specifications

For the KrAZ-222B from around 1965.

• Engine: in-line six-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine with direct injection
• Engine type: JaAZ-M206I
• Power 180 hp (132 kW) at 2000 min ^-1
• Displacement: 6.97 l
• Bore: 108 mm
• Stroke: 127 mm
• Compression: 17: 1
• Torque: 706 Nm at 1200 min ^-1
• Firing order: 1–5–3–6–2–4
• Clutch: single-plate dry clutch
• Transmission: manual transmission, 5 forward gears, 1 reverse gear, first gear unsynchronized
• Transfer case : two-stage, reduction ratios 1.32: 1 and 2.28: 1
• Fuel consumption: 60 l / 100 km, at 30–40 km / h
• Fuel supply: 225 l
• Top speed: 47 km / h
• On-board voltage: 24 V.
• Batteries: type 6-ST-128, 4 pieces
• Alternator: G-107, 16 A, 450 W
• Starter: ST-103, 7 HP
• Seats: 3
• Steering assistance: pneumatic
• Drive formula : 6 × 4

Dimensions and weights

• Length: 8190 mm
• Width: 2650 mm
• Height: 2780 mm
• Wheelbase: 4080 + 700 mm
• Track width: 1950 mm front, 1920 mm rear (double tires)
• Ground clearance: 290 mm
• front overhang: 1005 mm
• Turning circle: 22.4 m, measured on the fender
• Empty weight: 12,050 kg
• Payload: 10,000 kg (+150 kg in the cabin) *
• permissible total weight: 22,200 kg
• Front axle load
  • unloaded: 4050 kg
  • loaded: 4730 kg
• Axle load rear (double axle)
  • unloaded: 8000 kg
  • laden: 17,470 kg
• Contents tipping skip: 8.0 m³
• Inner dimensions of the tipping body at the upper edge: 4585 × 2430 mm
• maximum tilt angle: 60 °
• Tire dimension: 12.00-20 "low pressure tires
• Tire pressure: 5.0 bar (front) and 5.5 bar (rear)

* Some sources also indicate a payload of 11,000 kg for the KrAZ-222B, correspondingly the permissible total weight increases by 1000 kg and the axle loads when loaded.

literature

• Ministry of Automobile Transport of the RSFSR ; Vehicle Construction Institute NIIAT: Short Automobile Manual (краткий автомобильный справочник). Transport Publishing, 5th edition, Moscow 1965.
• Michael Dünnebier: Trucks and buses, commercial vehicles from socialist countries . transpress, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-344-00272-4 .
• LM Shugurov: АВТОМОБИЛИ России и СССР . Second part. Ilbi / Prostreks, Moscow 1994, ISBN 5-87483-006-5 .
• Yevgeny Kochev: Автомобили Советской Армии 1946–1991 . Eksmo, 2011, ISBN 978-5-699-46736-5 .
• Ralf Kunkel: Type compass. GDR trucks. Imports from the USSR. Motorbuch Verlag Stuttgart, 1st edition 2015, ISBN 978-3-613-03799-1 .
• Mikhail Sokolov: Ярославские большегрузные автомобили . Part 2. Awtomobili naschich dorog, Barnaul 2016, ISBN 978-5-904061-62-3 .
• Andy Thompson: Trucks of the Soviet Union: The Definitive History . Behemoth Publishing, Wincanton 2017, ISBN 978-0-992-87695-1 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d} Mikhail Sokolow: Ярославские большегрузные автомобили . Part 2. P. 356 ff.
2. ^ ^{A b} Andy Thompson: Trucks of the Soviet Union: The Definitive History . P. 124 ff.
3. ^ Website of the manufacturer to remind you of the start of production of the KrAZ-222 (English)
4. ↑ ^{a b} Ministry of Automobile Transport of the RSFSR ; Vehicle Construction Institute NIIAT: Short Automobile Manual (краткий автомобильный справочник). P. 195 ff.
5. ^ ^{A b c d} Andy Thompson: Trucks of the Soviet Union: The Definitive History . P. 199 ff.
6. ^ National Foreign Assessment Center: An Analysis of the Behavior of Soviet Machinery Prices, 1960-73 . Central Intelligence Agency , Washington, DC 1979. pp. A-13 ff.
7. ↑ W. Teckenberg: Contemporary Societies: USSR . Vieweg + Teubner, 1983, p. 393.
8. ^ Yevgeny Kochnev: Автомобили Советской Армии 1946–1991 . Chapter on the KrAZ-219.
9. ↑ Picture of a Sungri 64 with only two axles as a tipper (English)

Web links

• The manufacturer site (english)