Jacob van Rees

Jacob van Rees, around 1898

Jacob van Rees , nickname "Koos" (born April 16, 1854 in Amsterdam , † January 4, 1928 in Hilversum ), was a Dutch author, anti-militarist , magazine editor, pacifist , organizer, Esperantist and Christian anarchist . Van Reese studied biology and received his PhD at the age of 24. In 1889 he was appointed associate professor at the University of Amsterdam .

Life

Jacob van Rees grew up in a socially engaged family. His father, Otto van Rees , was a professor of political economy, statistics and political history. The professors FC Donders and P. Harting, who campaigned against alcohol abuse and who often visited the van Rees family, had an influence on Jacob van Rees later mental attitude. His great-uncle, Pastor FJW Koch, was for a long time chairman of the Nederlandsche Vereeniging tot Afschaffing van Sterke Drank ("Dutch Association for the Abolition of Spirits ").

Van Rees focused exclusively on scientific work for the first 15 years after his doctorate . He went on study trips, worked at the Zoological Station in Naples and from 1883 to 1885 he studied in Freiburg im Breisgau . Influenced by a physical ailment, he came to a radical-ethical ("radical-ethical") way of thinking. He opposed the use of tobacco and alcohol, became a vegetarian and was against vivisection . In 1892 he became a member of the Nederlandsche Onderwijzers Propaganda Club voor Drankbestrijding ("Propaganda Club for Combating Alcohol"). He published some brochures against alcohol abuse. Together with Felix Ortt , JK van der Leer and others, van Rees founded the magazine Vrede ("Friede"), in which Jan Sterringa published, among others . Van Rees' life has been described in a similar way to that of F. Ortt.

The Dutch anarchist Lodewijk van Mierop founded a movement for the fight against alcohol in 1897 the name Algemeene Nederlandsche Geheelonthoudersbond ("General Dutch Association for abstainers", ANGOB), of which van Rees was chairman until 1925 and in which Hendrik Ebo Kaspers was active. He was also involved in founding the International Broederschap (IB). After his death, Année Rinzes de Jong became the new chairman of the IB.

In 1901, among others, Felix Ortt and Lodewijk van Mierop established the Rein Leven-Bewegungsing (RLB). On the one hand, this organization propagated an unusually permissive sex education and equality between men and women , but wanted to limit the sexuality exercised to the conception of children. This ruled out the use of contraceptives and homosexual practices, and general abstinence , including alcohol and drugs, was propagated as the basis of a “chaste life”. Van Rees was a supporter of the RLB and in 1902 he became an honorary member of the Amsterdam student union Rein Leven .

The Propagandablad voor Humanitair Anarchisme ("Propagandablatt für humanitarian Anarchism") with the title Ontwaakt (analogous to: "Awakening" or "Waking up") was published by van Rees in 1905 in close cooperation with the Anarchist-Humanitaire Vereeniging ("Anarchist- humanitarian association ”). He wanted to merge his paper with the magazine De Vrije Communist ("The Free Communist"), of which Christiaan Cornelissen was editor. However, the merger did not materialize because De Vrije Communist took a non-religious position. In 1903 van Rees established the Humanitaire school (literally: "humanitarian school") in Laren . The school was mainly for the members of the "International Broederschap". Elize Marie Calisch, a supporter of the Rein Leven Movement , took over the management of the school. In 1941 the name was changed to Larense Montessorischool . The basic ideas of van Rees were continued by Suus Freudenthal-Lutter. After 1930 the school was closed.

F. Ortt, L. van Mierop, L. Bahler and van Rees founded a new peace movement in 1906, which in 1907 was merged into the Vrije Menschenverbond (meaning: "Union of free people") and this ultimately merged into the Bond van Christen-Socialisten ("Bund christlicher Most social ") integrated. 1915 signed van Rees, as well as F. Ortt that Dienstweigeringsmanifest ( "Manifesto for conscientious objection"). For this van Rees was sentenced to 10 days in prison.

Jacob van Rees became a member of the Dutch Good Templars (IOGT). One of the first lodge associations was established by him as a foundation in 1893 . IOGT was originally founded in Utica ( USA ) in 1851 . An international non-governmental organization that campaigned for abstinence ( Geheelonthouder ), brotherhood and peace . The Dutch organization was founded in 1907 by the Boisseva couple. Van Rees was later chairman of the Internationale Loge van goede Tempelieren Nederland . Until 1919 he was "Groot-Tempelier", then international director of the Dutch lodge. From 1926 to 1927 van Rees made a propaganda trip for the Good Templars through India.

He was also a member of the Bart de Ligt- dominated Bond van religious anarcho-communists ("Association of religious anarcho-communists"). Van Rees wrote for the magazines Veilig Spoor, De goede Tempelier, Sluit Schiedam, Vrede, De Wegwijzer and De Geheelonthouder , among others .

Jacob van Rees was married to Constance Adriana Katharina Gerdula Vatiché and father of two daughters and the painter Otto van Rees (1884–1957).

See also

• Anarchism in the Netherlands

Publications (selection)

• Waarom geheelonthouders also in de studentenwereld? . In: "Propria Cures". February 1896
• That money mij. Een woord aan de leerlingen van Gymn. En HBS Hilversum 1896
• Open letter to the Wel Ed. Hooggel. Army Dr. A. Kuyper, oud-hoogleraar van de Vrije Universiteit te Amsterdam, naar aanleiding van de dienstweigering van Jan P. Terwey . Amersfoort 1903
• De neutral onafhankelijke Orde van Goede Tempelieren . Hilversum 1914
• Herman van Helmholtz . In: "Mannen van beteekenis in onze dagen". Haarlem 1892

further reading

• ACJ de Vrankrijker: Onze anarchisten en utopisten rond 1900 . (Bussum 1972).
• Frieswijk Becker: Bedrijven; Bestevaer prof. Dr. J. van Rees cooks . Uitgave ten bate van het Van Rees Comité tot stichting van de Van Rees-aula en de geheelonthouding
• Max Nettlau (Ed.), History of Anarchy . Newly published by Heiner Becker. In collaboration with the IISG , Amsterdam. Library Thélème, Münster 1993, 1st edition, reprint of the Berlin edition, Verlag Der Syndikalist , 1927.
  • Volume 5, Anarchists and Syndicalists . Section IX. “The Dutch socialist beginnings. Multatuli. International. Ferdinand Domela Nieuwenhuis. The communist anarchists. The Christian Anarchists ”.
• J. James, Jacobus van Rees (1854–1928) een vreemde eend in de universitaire bijt . In: “Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde”. P. 140, 1996.
• S. van Leer: Besmetting en bevrijding. Jacob van Rees, geheelonthouding en het sucht naar zuiverheid (doctoraalscriptie geschiedenis Amsterdam 1998).
• Cor Inja, Alle G. Hoekema, Gabe G. Hoekema: Geen cel ketent deze dromen, het leven is mooi, zelfs al mocht ik vandaag niet meerin de tuin . (Dagboek May 13, 1925). (Diary May 13, 1925). Uitgeverij Verloren, Hilversum. ISBN 90-6550-194-0 . Order code on Google Books .
• Amanda Kluveld: Reis door de hel of the onschuldigen . 158 Amsterdam University Press, Amsterdam 2000. ISBN 90-5356-405-5
• Marjan Schwegman: Maria Montessori, 1870–1952: Child van hair tijd . Instituut voor taal-, land- en volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië (Ed.): Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië . Volume 142. Uitgeverij M. Nijhoff, Den Haag 1986. Quote: “Dr. Jacob van Rees (1854–1928), van huis uit histoloogen hoogleraar aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam, Christian anarchist en oprichter van de Internationale Broederschap. In 1891 Van Rees lived in Hilversum… ” .
• Dennis de Lange: You are the revolution! Tolstojanism as a social movement in the Netherlands. Verlag Graswurzelrevolution, Heidelberg 2016. ISBN 978-3-939045-27-4

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Author: Ruud Uittenhout . Portrait: J. van Rees . First publication in the Biografisch Woordenboek van het Socialisme en de Arbeidersbewegung in Nederland (BWSA), No. 4 1990. pp. 171–174. Last change: August 12, 2002. In the IISG (Amsterdam). Dutch, accessed June 19, 2012.
2. ↑ On this, see: Cor Inja, Alle G. Hoekema, Gabe G. Hoekema: Geen cel ketent deze dromen, het leven is mooi, zelfs al mocht ik vandaag niet meer in de tuin (Dagboek 13 May 1925). P. 42. Quote: “Jacob van Rees hoorde tot deze stroming. Ze aten geen vlees, dronken geen alcohol, coffie of thee en were anti-rokers, liepen bij voorkeur op blote voeten in sandals, droegen reformkleding en hadden uiteraard long baarden ” .
3. ↑ Cf. on this: Amanda Kluveld: Reis door de hel der onschuldigen . P. 158.
4. ↑ De Larense scholen ( Memento of the original of October 27, 2004 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . See under: "Humanitaire School". Dutch, accessed on June 19, 2012. Quote: “Op initiatief van prof. dr. J. van Rees was in 1903 de Humanitaire school opgericht en gevestigd in een aantal kamers van zijn villa aan de Paviljoensweg (nu Leemkuil). The school was voornamelijk bedoeld voor de leden van de Kolonie van de internationale Broederschap uit Blaricum ” .  
5. ↑ Archief International Organization of Good Templars . Haarlem . In the archive of the IISG. Dutch, accessed July 20, 2012