Jacobsthal (Zeithain)
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Jacobsthal
Zeithain parish
Coordinates: 51 ° 22 ′ 47 " N , 13 ° 17 ′ 1" E
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| Area : | 8.24 km² | |
| Residents : | 326 (May 9, 2011) | |
| Population density : | 40 inhabitants / km² | |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 1994 | |
| Postal code : | 01619 | |
| Area code : | 03525 | |
Location of Jacobsthal in Saxony |
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 Jacobsthal, church
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Jacobsthal is a district of the Saxon community Zeithain in the district of Meißen, on the right side of the Elbe .
geography
The place is east of Kreinitz and west of the Gohrischheide on the northern border of the Free State of Saxony and the district of Meißen to the state of Brandenburg and the district of Elbe-Elster . Fichtenberg and the city of Mühlberg / Elbe are located north of Jacobsthal and can be reached via State Road 88. Around 1900 the place is described as a street perch village with a corridor and a size of 824 hectares. Jacobsthal has two devastations, part of the former village of Rustel and Kleintrebnitz , which was devastated as part of the expansion of the Zeithain military training area in the early 1970s.
history
The area around Jacobsthal was already inhabited around 1300 BC. Archaeological finds on the Gattersberg near the former river bank prove the existence of a large village that was inhabited continuously for a very long time. The place used to be connected to the Mühlberg monastery, as evidenced by the names of parcels and a payable tithe. Jacobsthal's first documentary mention was in 1341 as Kobenthal in a fiefdom transfer of parts of the village to Konrad von Kokeritz. The place name was changed several times, so Jacobsthal was called Kobethal in 1341, Kobital in 1351, Kobital in 1406, Kofenthal in 1535, Kobenthal in 1548 and Cobenthal in 1791, Jacobsthal and Jacobsthal (Kobenthal) in 1875. It was not until 1890 that the current spelling of the place name prevailed. The manor had held the manor of Kreinitz at least since 1551. An inn existed very early in the village. In 1535 the citizens of the town of Mühlberg, located downstream from the Elbe, sued the Kretzschmar zu Kofenthal for brewing in Kofenthal. In 1548 the elector was granted the hunting rights to hunt boars and roe deer in the Gorischheide. Otto Pflugk auf Strehla and his family kept these rights "only to his and his subjects and people's property in Kobenthal". In the Thirty Years' War in 1635, the Swedish troops encamped around Torgau devastated the surrounding country. 2/3 of the population of the villages was killed. From the hereditary registry of the manor Kreinitz it emerges that in 1679 Jacobsthal comprised 43½ hooves with 27 families, which consisted of 15 farmers, 2 half-hunters and 10 cottagers.
From 1696 the place belonged to the Mühlberg office and from 1816 to the Großenhain office . The Saxon rural community order of 1838 gave Jacobsthal independence as a rural community. In 1841 Jacobsthal had 17 farms, 1 tavern with brewing rights, 1 blacksmith, 1 windmill, 22 gardeners and cottagers. In 1845 the new school was built in the form of an apartment with a ground floor. As early as 1867, the school was no longer sufficient and was given an additional floor for expansion. The Röderau – Berlin railway line was built from 1847 to 1848. Jacobsthal got its own station with a train station building, at which several companies settled. From 1856 Jacobsthal was administered by the Strehla court office. From 1875 the village belonged to the Oschatz district administration . Also in 1875 the Zeithain military training area was expanded to include Jacobsthaler Flur. The place lost part of its arable land.
The First World War killed at least eleven Jacobsthal men. In 1925, 336 inhabitants of Jacobsthal were Evangelical Lutheran , one inhabitant was Catholic . In the inter-war period, a few small industrial companies and new businesses were established. In 1930 there was a brickworks in Jacobsthal (bankruptcy 1930), two cement goods manufacturers (at the train station), an industrial laundry (at the train station), a defeat for the Strehla agricultural cooperative (at the train station), two carpenters, a windmill, two feed dealers, a baker and Grocery store, two grocery stores, three restaurants (in the village, "Hasenschänke" at the train station, "Waldfrieden" in the Sorge), a bottled beer merchant, a blacksmith, a seamstress, a ship owner, a butcher and a gardening shop . From April 1941, under the supervision of the Riesa Army Construction Office, construction of the Zeithain prisoner of war camp in the immediate vicinity of the Jacobsthal train station began by French and later Russian prisoners of war. The camp was completed at the end of 1942 and could accommodate 25,000 prisoners. Targeted malnutrition and epidemics made it a death camp for numerous prisoners of war. Until the liberation of the camp by the Red Army on April 23, 1945, around 30,000 Russian prisoners, 900 Italian military internees, 44 Polish and 12 Serbian prisoners of war died.
Saxony came to the Soviet occupation zone after the Second World War and later to the GDR. After the territorial reform in 1952, Jacobsthal was assigned to the Riesa district in the Dresden district . In 1952/53 the schools Jacobsthal and Kreinitz were merged. From this year only the lower school was taught in Jacobsthal, alternating with Kreinitz. In 1953 a type III LPG was founded and on May 25 the volunteer fire brigade , whose membership quickly rose to 17 men. In 1957 Kleintrebnitz , which was also popularly known as the Sorge, was incorporated into Jacobsthal. In 1961 2 LPG Type I were founded. In 1969 the last school enrollment took place in Jacobsthal. In the same year the LPG of several villages merged. In 1971 the first children can move into the new kindergarten. The equipment of the volunteer fire brigade was significantly improved over the next few years. In 1973 she received a brand new Barkas B 1000 vehicle , in 1975 the fire department depot was built and on November 1st, 1977 the new fire department was inaugurated. The road to the train station was rebuilt in 1979. At the beginning of the 1980s the time of the decentralized water supply came to an end, Jacobsthal was connected to the central water supply by the Fichtenberg waterworks in 1984/1985. In 1986 the day nursery was completed.
After reunification and reunification , the village became part of the newly founded Free State of Saxony . The following regional reforms in Saxony assigned Jacobsthal to the district of Riesa-Großenhain in 1994 and to the district of Meißen in 2008. Jacobsthal has been part of the Zeithain community since 1994.
Population development
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Jacobsthal Church
In 1688 the bronze bells in A, D and F sharp of the old church were cast by Andreas Herolden (another source calls Weinhold) from Dresden. 1716 is called St. Jacobsthal. The old script reads: “At St. Jacobsthal, a wooden, iron-studded balance beam is shown on which the children who were brought to St. Jacobo were weighed against wax, flax and other similar goods, and did it happen so that the children want to grow and gain weight all the better through the intercession of St. Jacobus ... "It is also reported that Jacobsthal was once a place of pilgrimage to whose" holy fountain "or" holy well "people came from far away, to drink its water or to wash with it and thus to heal "all sorts of physical ailments and diseases". Various gifts were given to the church for this. Hence, and from the balance beam, the once very respectable church assets should come from. 1776 on April 16, church father Johann Gottfried Richter filed a complaint with the Kreinitz court, in which it was said: "The church tower has been so damaged for some time that the child teacher cannot even ring the bell without worrying about it collapsing." it turned out that the gable of the church roof could not have supported a new tower. It was decided to build a massive church tower. When construction began, however, the walls of the church, which came from times before the Reformation, were "fundamentally very bad and unfounded". In 1779, on August 2nd, the foundation stone was laid for a completely new church by the church patron Curt Gottlob Graf von Seydewitz. On October 12th, 1780, construction in its current form had progressed so far that the button and the flag could be placed on the tower. One of the documents in the tower button announces this. The takeover of the new church built by master mason JG Dietrich from Mühlberg and master carpenter J. Chr. König from Bobersen and other masters from Hayn, Meissen and Lorenzkirch took place on December 8, 1781. Despite the pleading request of the parishioners, the consecration could only take place on September 29, 1782, as the organ by organ builder Flemming from Torgau was not completed earlier. In 1836 the entablature of the tower dome and its roofing were again found to be very damaged and repaired for around 1414 thalers. The sundial was also installed that year, the indicator panels of the clock, as well as the tower button, the flag and the star on the spindle were gold-plated. This is reported by another document in the tower knob, dated November 7, 1836. In 1879 on August 31, the 4th document from the tower knob reports: “The proximity of the 100th anniversary of the construction of this church has the current members of the church council moved to have the inconspicuous exterior of the same, in particular of the tower, restored in a dignified manner. ”Further reading:“ We are now not living in a religiously and politically happy time; We have had a unified German Empire since 1871, but as a result of a widely vaunted liberalism, multiple laws that do not promote our well-being in the desired way, increase all taxes in an unusual way, encourage non-religion, hence now such wildness and licentiousness. " the interior of the church was renewed and a new organ made by Hermann Eule from Bautzen. In 1909 a new tower clock was installed. In 1911 the church received electric lighting and new lightning rods. The flag and the ball will also be repaired. In 1922 the current bells are cast by a Bochum cast steel factory. In 1927 the top of the church tower was covered. In 1954, the previously colorful altar windows were damaged by a detonation on the military training area. 1961 Re-covering of the steeple and renewal of the lightning protection system. 1982/83 thorough renovation of the church and the tower with new plaster, sphere and weather vane are renewed. In 1991 a detonation at the military training area finally destroyed the altar windows. In 1995 the large box in the church to the left of the chancel (once a manorial box and prayer room) was renovated. It serves as a church service room in winter. In 1997 the church organ was made playable again after 20 years of idle time.
Memorials
- A memorial for the victims of the First World War, completed on August 7, 1921, stands in the cemetery. It has the shape of a cuboid on a two-tiered base and a steel helmet with oak leaves. The inscription reads: 1914 EK 1918, THEY DIED AS HEROES FOR THE FATHERLAND, THE GRATEFUL COMMUNITY JACOBSTHAL . Furthermore, eleven victims are listed by name.
- Cemetery II - prisoners of war Jacobsthal cemetery formerly "Russenfriedhof Jacobsthal"
The cemetery is located in the center of a 4 km² former tank driving training area, which today belongs to the Gohrischheide and Elbniederterrasse nature reserve . The investigative commission set up by the Soviet military administration in August 1946, the Chorun Commission, identified 24 mass graves with around 12,000 dead for the 104 × 37 m area. Of the 4 prisoner-of-war cemeteries in the Zeithain prisoner-of-war camp , this was the largest. Created in December 1941, it was used until the end of 1942 for the burial of deceased Soviet camp inmates. The victims of the mass deaths of the typhus epidemic in the winter of 1941/42 are buried here. Until the withdrawal of the Russian troops in 1992, this cemetery was in a restricted military area and was not accessible.
literature
- Saxony's church gallery. 7th volume. The Grossenhain, Radeberg and Bischofswerda inspections . Dresden 1840. Page 181 ( Die Parochie Lorenzkirch. ), Accessed on May 10, 2016
- Cornelius Gurlitt : Jacobsthal. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 27. Booklet: Oschatz Official Authority (Part I) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1905, p. 139.
- New Saxon Church Gallery Volume. Ephorie Oschatz . Leipzig 1901. Pages 187-200 ( Die Parochie Kreinitz. ), Accessed on May 10, 2016
Web links
- Jacobsthal in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Jacobsthal on the website of the Zeithain community, accessed on May 10, 2016
Individual evidence
- ^ Jacobsthal (Zeithain) in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ www.denkmalprojekt.org , online project Gefallendenkmäler Jacobsthal, Zeithain community, Meißen district, Saxony , accessed on May 11, 2016.
- ^ Cemetery II - Jacobsthal prisoner of war cemetery formerly "Russenfriedhof Jacobsthal" , on the Saxon Memorial Foundation - Zeithain Grove of Honor, accessed on May 16, 2016.
Cottewitz | Gohlis | Jacobsthal | Kreinitz | Lorenzkirch | Moritz | Neudorf | Promnitz | Röderau-Bobersen | Zeithain | Zschepa