Jakob Herbrot

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Jakob Herbrot (* around 1493 in Augsburg ; † April 21, 1564 in Neuburg an der Donau , Upper Bavaria ; also Hörbrot or Hörprot ) was a German merchant and the last guild mayor of Augsburg.

Life

He was the son of furrier Jakob Herbrot, called Schlesinger († 1502, slain), who immigrated from Silesia at the end of the 15th century , and the Augsburg furrier's daughter Magdalena Hummel († around 1505). Herbrot also initially worked as a furrier in Augsburg. Since the beginning of the 1540s he became wealthy by trading furs, cloths, jewels and other luxury goods as well as by major banking transactions, in which he worked with the Fuggers , among others .

As a guild master of furriers and leader of the merchants' room (today: Chamber of Commerce and Industry ), he became increasingly involved in Augsburg's city policy from 1540. In 1543 he became a town builder and in 1545 mayor. As such, he was jointly responsible for Augsburg's entry on the Protestant side in the Schmalkaldic War in 1546 , whereby his business contacts to Landgrave Philip I of Hesse and Ottheinrich of the Palatinate were important.

After the defeat of the Schmalkalden and the repeal of the guild constitution in 1548, Herbrot used his good trading relationship with the Habsburgs to limit personal damage. Thereupon he was appointed imperial councilor by the Roman-German king and later Emperor Ferdinand I in 1551 .

When he again headed the re-established guild regiment as mayor in 1552 and supported Elector Moritz von Sachsen , he felt the growing resistance from the citizenry. Songs of slander and slander were published.

Therefore, Herbrot left the city of Augsburg in 1553 and became the Palatinate-Neuburg caretaker in Lauingen (Danube) . He handed over the management of his trading company to his sons, who led it into bankruptcy due to inability. Since the sons who had fled could no longer be held responsible, the father was taken into custody in Neuburg an der Donau and thrown into the debt tower , where he died soon after on April 21, 1564.

Herbrot married Marina (Maria) Kraffter (around 1495–1562), the daughter of the Augsburg merchant and patrician Lorenz Kraffter (around 1460 – before 1528; actually "Lawrence of Crawford" from the Scottish noble family of the " Earl of Crawford ") in 1527 and the Honesta (Esther) Merz (* around 1477). Marina Kraffter was an enthusiastic supporter of the reformer Kaspar Schwenckfeld . Daughter Rosina Herbrot von Rätz (* 1534 - † June 3, 1601 in Breslau , Lower Silesia ) married the Silesian wholesaler and banker Nicolaus II. Rehdiger on November 3, 1552 in Augsburg .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mark Häberlein: Brothers, friends and deceivers. Social relationships, norms and conflicts in the Augsburg merchants around the middle of the 16th century . Habilitation thesis at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg (1996), Akademie Verlag, 1998, ISBN 3050031875 or ISBN 9783050031873 . About the economic downfall of Herbrot.
  2. ↑ Lorenz was the son of James Lindsay of Crafford / Crawford (* around 1430), immigrated from Scotland to Augsburg and a member of the Scottish Lindsay clan, and grandson of David Lindsay 3rd Earl of Crawford (around 1405–1445). Ancestral list.

literature

  • G. Mezger .:  Herbrot, Jakob . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1880, pp. 45-48.
  • Friedrich Blendinger:  Herbrot, Jakob. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 588 ( digitized version ).
  • Mark Häberlein: Jakob Herbrot (1490 / 95-1564), wholesale merchant and city politician . In: Wolfgang Haberl (Hrsg.): Life pictures from Bavarian Swabia . Volume 15, Konrad Verlag, Weißenhorn 1997, (publications of the Swabian Research Foundation at the Commission for Bavarian State History, Vol. 15, No. 3), pages 69–111.
  • Christian Kuhn: Urban Laughter as a “Counter-Public” Sphere in Augsburg. The Case of the City Mayor Jakob Herbrot (1490 / 95–1564) . In: International Review of Social History . Humor and Social Protest, Volume 52 supplement 15, 2007.
  • Paul Hecker: Augsburg Mayor Jakob Herbrot and the fall of the guild regiment in Augsburg . In: Journal of the Historical Association for Swabia and Neuburg (ZHVSN). Volume 1, 1874, pages 34-98.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Herbrot, Jakob
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hörbrot, Hörprot
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German businessman and politician
DATE OF BIRTH around 1493
PLACE OF BIRTH Augsburg , Bavaria
DATE OF DEATH April 21, 1564
Place of death Neuburg on the Danube , Upper Bavaria