Jaufré pack

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Jaufre Rudel dies in the arms of the Countess of Tripoli (MS der Bibliothèque Nationale)

Jaufré Rudel (French Geoffroi ; * around 1100, † around 1147) was a southern French nobleman who went down in literary history as a trobador (minstrel) of the ancient Occitan language .

Life and legend

Little is known about the person of Jaufré, except that he was the younger son of Geoffroi Rudel, sire de Blaya (today's town of Blaye and the surrounding area in the Gironde department ), and thus belonged to the Taillefer family. In the biographies ( vidas ) of Provençal poets that Hugues de Saint-Cyr wrote around 1225, he is referred to as prince de Blaye , a title that was not unusual among his ancestors. The other facts mentioned in this vida are unlikely to correspond to reality, but rather have been derived from Jaufré's poems.

Jaufré Rudel owes his fame to these poems, but above all to the romantic story recorded in the biography mentioned. She tells how Jaufré develops an insatiable longing for the Countess of Tripoli in the distant Holy Land based on reports of returning pilgrims to Jerusalem , and for the sake of this distant love (amor de lonh) joins the crusade to become a woman he has never seen, but during the voyage fell ill and died shortly after his arrival in the arms of the quickly summoned countess. She had him buried in the office of the Knights Templar in Jerusalem and then, impressed by Jaufré and his love, entered a monastery as a widow.

The poems

Eight of Jaufré's poems have survived, four of them with notes. The first verse of each of Jaufré's eight poems (the title of the poem was unknown at the time) reads:

  1. Qand lo rossignols el foillos (When the nightingale in the leaves)
  2. Lanqand li jorn son lonc en mai (When the days are long in May)
  3. Qan lo rius de la fontana (When the flow of the spring)
  4. Belhs m'es l'estius e · l temps floritz (I enjoy the summer and the blooming time of the year)
  5. Lan quan lo temps renovelha (When the [season] renews itself)
  6. Pro ai del chan essenhadors (I benefit from the singing teachers / pointers)
  7. No sap chantar qi so non di (He doesn't know how to sing, who doesn't say a sound)
  8. Qui non sap esser chantaire (Who doesn't know how to be a singer)

The second and eighth poems are considered spurious in research.

Duke Wilhelm IX had a great influence on Jaufré Rudel's poetry . von Aquitaine (1071–1126 / 27), who is referred to as his “godfather in poetry”, but also as his “stepfather”, but at the same time got into serious arguments with him. He found little recognition from contemporaries such as Marcabru (before 1127–1148) and next-generation trobadors such as Peire d'Alvernha (active around 1170) and Raimbaut d'Aurenga (1147–1173), who criticized Rudel's use of mystical elements or overran make fun of his reticent love.

Afterlife

It was not until the Romantic era that the touching story of Jaufré Rudels became known outside of France and was taken up in poems by Heinrich Heine , Algernon Swinburne , Ludwig Uhland and Giosuè Carducci . It forms the material of Edmond Rostand's drama La Princesse lointaine and is the basis for the opera L'amour de loin by Kaija Saariaho (libretto by Amin Maalouf ). Alfred Döblin quotes them, with a few invented details added, in his last novel Hamlet or The Long Night Comes to an End .

literature

  • Jean-Baptiste-Pierre Jullien de Courcelles : Histoire généalogique et héraldique des pairs de France. Volume V, 1825
  • Albert Stimming : The Troubadour Jaufre Rudel, his life and his works. Berlin 1873
  • Paul Blum: The Troubadour Jaufre Rudel and its continued life in literature. Brno 1912
  • Dietmar Rieger (ed. And transl.): Medieval poetry of France I. Songs of the Trobadors. Bilingual Provencal & German. With comments by the publisher (= Reclams Universal Library . No. 7620). Stuttgart 1980, ISBN 3-15-007620-X (Contains from Jaufré: "When the days are long, in May ...")
  • Lexicon of the Middle Ages . Volume VII, column 1069.
  • Yves Leclair, Roy Rosenstein: Chansons pour un amour lointain de Jaufre Rudel, édition bilingue occitan-français, présentation de Roy Rosenstein, préface et adaptation d'Yves Leclair. Gardonne, éditions fédérop, 2011, ISBN 978-2-85792-200-1 .

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Lexicon of the Middle Ages.
  2. ↑ Lexicon of the Middle Ages.
  3. ^ Rütten & Loening , Berlin 1956, DNB 450962857 , pp. 45f.
personal data
SURNAME Jaufré pack
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gottfried Rudel; Geoffroi pack
BRIEF DESCRIPTION troubadour
DATE OF BIRTH around 1100
DATE OF DEATH around 1147