Jean Bureau
Jean Bureau (* around 1390 in Semoine ; † July 5, 1463 in Paris ) was Seigneur de Montglat (or Montglas), Maître de l'Artillerie of King Charles VII of France and the first occidental military who, through the massive use of Artillery won the battlefield. In the Battle of Castillon he defeated the English so decisively that the Hundred Years War came to an end.
biography
Jean Bureau was the second son of the Parisian citizen Simon Bureau († 1438) and his wife Helene; he was born in Semoine in Champagne and studied law in Paris. During the occupation of northern France under the regent Bedford , he was commissioner in Châtelet (1425).
In 1434 he left the capital and joined Charles VII. In his service he was only a tax collector in Paris (1436–1441), then from 1439 - after the siege of Meaux - the post of "Maître de l'artillerie de France", the commander in chief of the French artillery. Together with his younger brother Gaspard Bureau , seigneur de Villemomble , reorganized the artillery and built in the use of cannons . Both personally commanded the artillery, including the archers, in all battles in Normandy and Guyenne (1449–1453).
Jean Bureau took part in the sieges of Pontoise (1441) and Harfleur (1449), as well as in the capture of Bayeux and the surrender of Caen . In Guyenne he fought near Bergerac and the castles of Montguyon and Blaye ; the siege and capture of Libourne was due to him. In 1440 he became the "Trésorier de France pour la langue d'oil" (Northern France) and in 1443 the "Maître des comptes". In 1444 he became Bailli and captain of Meaux and Beauté-sur-Marne . 1450-1452 he was Prévôt des marchands in Paris.
After the complete submission of the Guyenne, Charles VII appointed him Seigneur de Montglat and in 1451 mayor of Bordeaux , where he had the Château Trompette built. Jean Bureau got into conflict with the townspeople, especially the Captal de Buch ; the city rebelled and the English were able to establish themselves there again in 1452.
In the following year, 1453, during the second Guyenne campaign, Jean Bureau defeated the English troops under John Talbot decisively in the Battle of Castillon . This battle marked the final end of English rule in Aquitaine and, ultimately, the end of the Hundred Years War.
King Louis XI. made Jean Bureau Chevalier on the occasion of his own coronation in 1461. After his solemn entry into Paris, Louis XI stayed. in the “Maison des Porcherons” office in the north-west of the city. His daughter Isabelle married one of Jacques Cœur's sons , Geoffroy , in 1463 .
progeny
- Pierre Bureau, * 1421, † July 1456, Apostolic Protonotary , Archdeacon of Reims, 1447 Bishop of Orléans , 1451 Bishop of Béziers ,
- Jean Bureau, † May 2, 1490 in Paris, Archdeacon of Paris, 1457 Bishop of Béziers , Abbot of Morigny
- Daughter ; ∞ Nicolas de La Balue, brother of Cardinal Jean de La Balue
- Daughter ; ∞ Geoffroy, son of Jacques Cœur ,
literature
- Marie-Nicolas Bouillet , Alexis Chassang (eds.): Dictionnaire universel d'histoire et de géographie , 1878, keyword Jean Bureau
- Jean Favier : Dictionnaire de la France médiévale, keyword Bureau
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Bureau, Jean |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Seigneur de Montglat and Grand Master of the Artillery of France |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1390 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Champagne (province of France) |
| DATE OF DEATH | July 5, 1463 |
| Place of death | Paris |