Jean Louis Baudelocque

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Jean Louis Baudelocque (born November 30, 1745 in Heilly in Picardy , † May 2, 1810 in Paris ) was a French doctor, obstetrician and university professor. He was one of the most famous obstetricians of his time. He worked at the Collège de Chirurgie in Paris, was director of the Paris Maternity and organized the midwifery classes there; He made a contribution to promoting the mechanics of childbirth and developed a method for measuring the pelvis (Baudelocque pelvic circle); The Baudelocque diameter (outer pelvic diameter, conjugata externa ) is also named after him .

Live and act

He was the son of the surgeon Jean Baptiste Baudelocque (1718–1785) and Anne Marguerite Levasseur (1716–1784). Jean Louis Baudelocque was her second oldest son, other sons were Félix Honoré Baudelocque (1744–1794) doctor, Jean Baptiste Baudelocque jn. (1749-1800) surgeon. The family had a total of ten children.

His father introduced him to medicine at an early stage and taught him surgery. He went to Paris to study, where he soon dealt with gynecology. The title of his dissertation, published in 1776, was: An in partu, propter angustiam pelvis, impossibili, symphysis ossium pubis secanda: theses anatomico-chirurgicae; quas Deo Juvante, & praeside M. Carolo Devilliers, Artium & chirurgiae magistro .

At the Hôpital de la Charité he received his surgical and obstetric training from François Louis Joseph Solayrès de Renhac (1737–1772). He was his most important student. Later he took courses from his teacher, which he officially took over after his death.

In his works he spoke out against the symphysectomy to facilitate childbirth. In 1798 he received a teaching office for obstetrics and at the same time became chief physician at the Maternité de Port-Royal de Paris (later Maternité Baudelocque), where he also taught midwives . He spread the method of William Smellie (1697–1763), who modernized obstetric practices in England in the 18th century. In England, William Smellie created a method of measuring the internal dimensions of the pelvis. Although William Smellie had described the principles of pelvimetry, it was Baudelocque who recognized the importance of clinical pelvimetry in addressing potential difficulties in an impending birth.

Pelvimeter to e.g. As the distance between the spinous process lumbar vertebra 5 and the pubis upper margin to determine

He improved André Levret 's (1703–1780) pelvic forceps and constructed a pelvimeter for use in obstetrics. The anthropometric data he collected came to be known as the Baudelocque diameter (external pelvic diameter, conjugata externa ). The pelvic circle is used to measure from the spinous process of the lumbar vertebra (LWK 5 ) to the upper edge of the symphysis ; if the values ​​are <19 cm, this indicates an anatomically narrowed pelvis.

French forceps, Levret-Baudelocque type (1760-1860)
French forceps of the Levret-Baudelocque type (1760–1860) with holes and hooks at the end of the handles

His first wife - both married on April 5, 1777 - was Andrée de Vulier or Rullie. She died childless on January 4, 1787. His second wife was Marie Catherine Rose Laurent, he married her on September 14, 1788. They both had five children.

Baudelocque was exposed to a smear campaign, so he was brought to court for the death of a woman giving birth and her child, but was subsequently acquitted. In this process Jean Francois Sacombe (1750 / 1760–1822) appears - he is an opponent of caesarean delivery - and stood against the person of Jean Louis Baudelocque of u. a. was charged with infanticide. In 1804, Sacombe finally lost this case in court. In 1806, Napoléon Bonaparte appointed Baudelocque to the first chair in obstetrics in France.

He was the midwife of the Queen of Spain, Holland and Naples. He was selected in advance as an obstetrician to accompany the birth of Marie-Louise of Austria, Napoléon Bonaparte's second wife. In 1811 the longed-for heir to the throne Napoléon-François-Charles-Joseph Bonaparte , known as Napoleon II, was born. A stroke prevented Baudelocque from being present.

Jean Louis Baudelocque died on May 2nd, 1810 in Paris who at that time was living at 16 Rue Jacob . He was buried in the cemetery west of Vaugirard , exhumed in 1837 and buried on August 17, 1839 in the Père-Lachaise cemetery (45th division).

Work (selection)

literature

  • R. Villey, F. Brunet, G. Valette et al. a .: Histoire de la médecine, de la pharmacie, de l'art dentaire et de l'art vétérinaire. Albin Michel-Laffont-Tchou, Paris 1978.
  • Barbara I. Tshisuaka: Baudelocque, Jean Louis. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , pp. 153-154.
  • Hans L. Houtzager: Historical review Jean Louis Baudelocque . (PDF) In: Europ. J. Obstet. Gynec. reprod. Bml. 13: 323-324 (1982).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Genealogy parents
  2. ↑ Data on the siblings
  3. ↑ bium.univ-paris5.fr
  4. ↑ Biography in French ( Memento of the original from March 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.medarus.org
  5. ↑ bium.univ-paris5.fr
personal data
SURNAME Baudelocque, Jean Louis
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Baudelocque, Jean-Louis
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French doctor and obstetrician
DATE OF BIRTH November 30, 1745
PLACE OF BIRTH Heilly
DATE OF DEATH May 2, 1810
Place of death Paris