Jean d'Arcet
Jean D'Arcet , also Darcet (* 1724 ; † February 12, 1801 in Paris ) was a French chemist.
He was baptized on September 7, 1724 in Audignon (30 km from Mont-de-Marsan in the Landes department ), was the son of a lawyer and was disinherited by his father because he wanted to become a doctor rather than a lawyer. Mediated by his friend Augustin Roux , he became the tutor of Charles de Secondat's son , Baron de Montesquieu (to whom he also assisted in the publication of his main work, Spirit of Laws ) and also studied medicine, graduating in 1762 (but never practicing as a doctor). He also studied chemistry with Guillaume-François Rouelle , with whom he was friends. In 1774 he became a chemistry professor at the Collège de France .
D'Arcet systematically investigated the behavior of minerals at high temperatures, especially with regard to porcelain , introduced the production of hard-paste porcelain in France and was director of the Manufacture royale de porcelaine de Sèvres . From 1771 to 1773 he studied the behavior of diamonds and precious stones at high temperatures and found that the diamond burns completely. Immediately after Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier 's theory of combustion became known, he gave up the phlogiston theory and became a supporter of Lavoisier's theory.
He found an alloy of lead , bismuth and tin , which becomes liquid at the temperature of boiling water ( D'Arcets metal ) and which he used from 1775 for the production of stereotype plates.
His student Nicolas Leblanc developed his process for making soda in his laboratory . From 1791 to 1794 he and his student Bertrand Pelletier developed a process for casting cannons out of bells.
D'Arcet was a member of the Académie des sciences . In 1799 he became a member of the Consulate's Sénat conservateur , i.e. senator.
He was the father of Jean Pierre Joseph d'Arcet and should not be confused with him.
literature
- Winfried R. Pötsch, Annelore Fischer, Wolfgang Müller: Lexicon of important chemists . In: Lexicon of important chemists . Harri Deutsch, Frankfurt am Main 1989, ISBN 3-8171-1055-3 .
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Arcet, Jean d ' |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Arcet, Jean D '; Darcet |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French chemist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | baptized September 7, 1724 |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 12, 1801 |
| Place of death | Paris |