Jesuit College Ingolstadt
The Jesuit College Ingolstadt was a Jesuit school in Ingolstadt that existed until the Jesuit order was abolished in 1773.
History of origin
In 1548 the theological faculty at the Bavarian University of Ingolstadt founded by Duke Ludwig the Rich had only one professor. After Duke Wilhelm IV had asked the universities of Paris, Leuven and Cologne in vain for help, he summoned the first Jesuits to Ingolstadt in 1549. Pope Paul III prompted the founder of the order, Ignatius von Loyola , to comply with this request. In the same year, Claudius Le Jay , Petrus Canisius and Alfonso Salmerón, the first Jesuits , arrived in Ingolstadt and began lecturing at the university. Together with the other theologian, however, they only won 14 listeners. The Jesuits hoped that a grammar school as a preliminary stage would improve the situation , and so they suggested to the duke that a college should be founded. He supported the project, but died before it was carried out, and the Jesuits were recalled in 1550.
Duke Albrecht V renegotiated in 1555 and agreed with Petrus Canisius the establishment of a Jesuit college and the assumption of two chairs in the theological faculty by the Jesuits, while the artistic (philosophical) faculty would not be taken over by them until later. In 1556 Ignatius von Loyola sent 18 members of the order from Rome to Ingolstadt, including seven Germans and two Austrians; a little later came Petrus Canisius. The grammar school was reopened on October 23, 1556. With its secular faculty there was a constant tension and argument over who was responsible for doctorate and discipline.
The still existing pedagogy and the new Jesuit school got into disputes, which the Duke resolved by transferring the older of the two schools to the Jesuits in 1571, thus uniting both institutions.
The new school comprised the Grammatica, Poetica, Syntax minor, Syntax maior and Rhetorica classes. The school building was a new building next to the Liebfrauenmünster, today's Canisiuskonvikt, which was occupied in 1584 and since 1612 has been operating under the name "Gymnasium Ignatii". The most famous student of this time was the later Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation , Ferdinand II , who came to Ingolstadt in 1590 at the age of twelve. The main emphasis in this school was on teaching Latin and Greek , but music and choral singing were also cultivated, but German and any kind of natural science were not included in the curriculum .
Duke Wilhelm V put an end to this by transferring the entire artistic faculty to the Society of Jesus in 1585. The Jesuits now provided eight professors: two theologians, three philosophers and one each for mathematics, dialectics and the Hebrew language. Professors such as Philipp Apian , who professed Protestantism, had to leave the university. In 1600, the Ingolstadt Jesuits were also given the direction of the seminar of the Holy Father, founded by the Regensburg provost Quirinus Leoninus . Jerome .
From 1675 the Jesuits also held the chair for canon law . When the teaching system was reorganized in the 18th century, they established a chair in general history.
The Ingolstadt Jesuit grammar school enjoyed an excellent reputation, which was followed by many, including aristocratic students from all over the area of what was then the German Empire. After the Thirty Years' War , from which Ingolstadt suffered badly, the number of students declined and remained at around 200.
Until 1762 the Ingolstadt Jesuit College was the administrative seat of the Upper German province of the order; the offspring of this province studied here.
When the university was relocated to Landshut in 1799, Elector Maximilian IV. Joseph closed the grammar school for financial reasons. As a result, Ingolstadt was increasingly transformed into a fortress and garrison town, which, with the simultaneous lack of educational institutions worth mentioning, meant a severe blow to the city.
Former students:
- Philipp Eduard Fugger (1546–1618), merchant and banker
- Ferdinand of Bavaria (1577–1650), Elector and Archbishop of Cologne
- Ferdinand II (HRR) (1578–1637), Holy Roman Emperor
- Albrecht VI. (Bavaria-Leuchtenberg) , Bavarian state administrator from 1651 to 1654
- Abraham a Sancta Clara (1644–1709), important Catholic preacher
- Adam Weishaupt (1748–1830), Bavarian enlightener and founder of the Illuminati Order
- Johann Andreas Schmeller (1785–1852), Germanist and Bavarian linguist
building
After a first Jesuit college with a few school rooms was established in 1561, the "New College" north of the minster "Zur Schönen Unserer Lieben Frau" was moved into in 1575/76 . The Jesuit college also included the Church of St. Cross, from whose tower the astronomer and mathematician Christoph Scheiner discovered the sunspots together with Johann Baptist Cysat in 1611 . Duke Albrecht drew up the letter of foundation on December 20, 1576; it was supplemented by Maximilian I in 1599 . The college from 1576 was replaced by a new building in 1585 under Wilhelm V. It was named "Albertinum" after the founder, "Wilhelminum" after the builder and "Ignatiuskonvikt" after the patron saint. The number of convicts quickly rose to 150, mainly because various monasteries in Bavaria and Switzerland sent their offspring to Ingolstadt for training. The number of scholars at the grammar school was around 500 in 1605, but fell with the Thirty Years' War to only be around 200 afterwards. The philosophical and theological faculty, on the other hand, had around 300 students. In the last decades of the 16th century the college experienced its heyday; at that time the sons of the high and highest nobility were studying at the university.
Today only the former south-east wing, today's Canisiuskonvikt, remains of the Jesuit college, in which student apartments and the cafeteria of the Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt are housed. After the Jesuit ban in 1773 through the Breve "Dominus ac Redemptor", the Holy Cross Church in 1780 first became the Maltese Church and in 1809 the military hay store and the college became the Konviktkaserne. Finally, the church, like most of the college, fell victim to the construction of the Flanders barracks, with parts of the furnishings in the Holy Cross Church being distributed to other Ingolstadt churches.
Web links
- Ingolstadt City Museum about the Jesuits in Ingolstadt.
- Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation on the preserved part of the Jesuit College.
literature
- Ingolstadt. In: Ludwig Koch: Jesuit encyclopedia. The Society of Jesus then and now. Paderborn 1934, columns 869-872.
- Gerd Hit u. a .: Historic Ingolstadt. Bamberg: 1988, pp. 67-72.
- Gerd Hit: A short history of the city of Ingolstadt. Regensburg: 2004, pp. 83-92.
- City of Ingolstadt (ed.): Our city of Ingolstadt. A brochure for new residents. Ingolstadt: 2006, p. 40.
Coordinates: 48 ° 45 ′ 55 " N , 11 ° 25 ′ 15" E