Jesus of Lübeck
The Jesus von Lübeck was a carrack from Lübeck that was sold by the Hanseatic City of Lübeck to King Henry VIII of England around 1540 in order to strengthen the Royal Navy . Until 1568 she served as Jesus of Lübeck ( The Jhesus of Lubeke ) under the flag of England .
history
Carracks were a mixed type. They were designed as war and merchant ships and could be used in one or the other function. With four masts and a displacement of around 700 tons, the Jesus von Lübeck was one of the larger ships of her time. It was built around 1540 in Lübeck on the Lastadie and was 91½ cubits long and 19½ cubits wide.
Henry VIII had already bought the Kraweel Salvator from Lübeck in 1514 to reinforce his fleet, which, however, sank west of Calais in the English Channel shortly after the takeover . The Jesus von Lübeck turned out to be a happier ship for the English, which remained in active service with the royal fleet for a good twenty years. In August 1545 she took part in the sea battle with the French fleet in front of Shoreham-by-Sea . After her use as a warship in the English fleet, the Jesus of Lübeck was given a civil charter by Queen Elizabeth I in 1563 and initially traded with Guinea and the West Indies .
In 1564 it became the flagship of the privateer John Hawkins and was used under the English flag in the slave trade and in the pirate war against the Spanish gold and silver fleets that operated between Spain and the New World. During an unfortunate joint venture between Hawkins and his cousin Francis Drake , on September 23, 1568, in the narrow roadstead of the Mexican fort San Juan de Ulúa near La Antigua, there was a battle with the units of the Spanish fleet, which were clearly superior in strength Drake on the Judith and Hawkins on the Minion escaped with just these two ships. The Jesus of Lübeck , whose seaworthiness was already restricted , was abandoned as a bullet trap in favor of the more seaworthy ships, and part of the English crews left behind fell into Spanish hands with her. The Spaniards sold the ship again for 601 ducats.
Models
Modern reconstruction models of the carrack Jesus von Lübeck are in the collection of the Museum for Art and Cultural History of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck and the Museum Haus Hansestadt Danzig in Lübeck. A new model for the German Museum of Technology in Berlin has now been completed after eleven years of construction and was presented to the public on April 28, 2016.
See also
literature
- Karl Reinhardt: The carrack Jesus from Lübeck. In: Journal of the Association for Lübeck History and Archeology . 31, 1949, pp. 79-110.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Today's (third) Veracruz was founded in 1585 in the immediate vicinity of the Fort San Juan de Ulúa.
- ↑ Ulrich Pietsch : The Lübeck Sea Shipping from the Middle Ages to the Modern Age (= booklets on the art and cultural history of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck 5). Museum for Art and Cultural History, Lübeck 1981; ISBN 3-9800517-1-4 , p. 25.
- ↑ Inventory no. 1939/121
- ^ Collections of the Gdańsk Banking Brotherhoods
- ↑ Deutsches Technikmuseum Berlin ( Memento of the original from July 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
