John II (Brittany)
John II (born January 4, 1239 - † November 14, 1305 in Lyon ) was Duke of Brittany and Earl of Richmond from 1286 .
He was the eldest son of Duke John I the Red of Brittany ( Dreux House ) and Blanka of Champagne, Princess of Navarre.
Marriage and offspring
In 1260 he married Beatrice (* 1242, † 1275), the daughter of King Henry III. of England . With her he had the following offspring. Beatrice died giving birth to her daughter Eleanor.
- Arthur II (* 1262; † 1312), Duke of Brittany
- Heinrich (* 1264; † 1284)
- Johann (* 1266; † 1334), Earl of Richmond
- Marie (* 1268; † 1339), mistress of Elincourt ⚭ 1292 Guido III. of Châtillon , Count of Saint-Pol
- Peter (* 1269; † 1312), Vice Count of Leon
- Blanka (* 1270; † 1327), mistress of Brie-Comte-Robert , ⚭ 1281 Philipp von Artois , master of Conches-en-Ouche ( House of France-Artois )
- Eleonore (Alice) (* 1275; † 1342), Abbess of Fontevrault
Life
Johann took part in 1270 on the seventh crusade of the French king Louis IX. the holy part. After the king died in Carthage , Johann joined his brother-in-law, the English crown prince Eduard Plantagenet , with whom he continued the crusade to Palestine ( see Prince Edward's crusade ). From there he brought Carmelites back to his homeland and supported them in founding a monastery in Ploërmel . In 1284 he moved with King Philip III. of France on the Aragonese Crusade .
When his father died in 1286, he inherited the Duchy of Brittany and the County of Richmond from him. At the beginning of his reign, John was initially in close agreement with England against King Philip IV of France . After the tensions between France and England came to a head, he switched to France, for which he was finally recognized as Duke of Brittany in 1297 and accepted among the Pairs . Previously, he was formally treated only as a count. In 1304 he fought victoriously in the battle of Mons-en-Pévèle against the Flemings, gained more sovereignty over the crown and curtailed the privileges of the clergy of Brittany.
In 1305 the duke and Count Karl von Valois led his horse through the crowd at the celebrations for the coronation of Pope Clement V in Lyon. The crowd climbed ramshackle walls to better see the unique spectacle. One of the walls broke and collapsed, right on the solemn procession. The Pope fell from his horse, the Count was seriously injured, the unhappy Duke Johann was struck by the stones.
He left the Duchy of Brittany to his son Arthur, and his son Johann received the County of Richmond.
Web links
- Jean de Bretagne at fmg.ac (English)
Individual proof
- ^ Chronique Anonyme. In: Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France . Vol. 21, 1855, pp. 137-140, here p. 139 .
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Johann I. |
Duke of Brittany 1286-1305 |
Arthur II |
| Johann I. |
Earl of Richmond 1286-1305 |
Johann |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Johann II. |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Earl of Richmond; Duke of Brittany (1286-1305) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 4th January 1239 |
| DATE OF DEATH | November 14, 1305 |
| Place of death | Lyon |