Johann Jakob Jung (Metallurgist)

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Johann Jakob Jung

Johann Jakob Jung (born February 19, 1779 in Müsen , † January 16, 1847 in Steinbrücken (Dietzhölztal) ) was a German smelter in Orange-Nassau. He founded the Hessen-Nassau Hüttenverein.

Life

Johann Jakob Jung's parents were hut inspector Johann Helmann Jung (1734–1809) in Müsen and Marie Christine nee. Meusborn (1741-1814).

education

Johann Jakob Jung followed the example of his father and his three older brothers Johann Justus (1763–1799), Heinrich Wilhelm (1771–1828) and Johann Heinrich (1761–1832) and took up a mining and smelting profession. From 1798 he studied metallurgy at the Philipps University in Marburg . His uncle Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling (1740–1817) taught economics, camera science and finance there from 1787 to 1803 as full professor ; In 1792 he was vice rector of the university. Johann Jakob Jung certainly heard lectures from his uncle; because he dealt with the various economic and technological questions of the steel and iron industry in Siegerland and Nassau within the scope of his teaching area.

job

After graduating he was first inspector of the salt works in Bad Salzschlirf . As a result of the falling salt content, it was shut down. In the service of Friedrich Karl zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein , Jung was then mine director in Saßmannshausen and smelter manager in Steinbrücken. As a mountain ridge , he was appointed to manage the Michelbacher Hütte in 1807 . In the valley of the middle Aar between Aarbergen, Michelbach and Kettenbach he also had to supervise the Emmershäuser hut and other iron works . In 1808 he finally succeeded his older brother Johann Heinrich Jung as "hut inspector" of the Eibelshausen hut and Neuhütte (in what was later to be the Lahn-Dill district ) and the three hammers in Steinbrücken, with which he gained a foothold in the Dillenburg area. In 1815 he was transferred to the General Domain Directorate in Wiesbaden to manage mining, smelting and hammering. In 1816 he founded the Hessen-Nassauischer Hüttenverein , the largest mining company in the Lahn-Dill area after Buderus . Most recently he worked on the Runkel recipe.

Entrepreneur

Johann Jakob Jung finally took advantage of the opportunity for entrepreneurial activity when, after the Congress of Vienna in 1816, the ducal government of Nassau began to operate the sovereign steel and hammer works privately. Since February 1816 she has been putting out the Michelbacher and Emmerhäuser Hütte, including the hammers there, for leasing several times. This was followed in May 1816 by the tender to lease the Ebersbacher Hütte (Neuhütte), the hammer in front of the pond, the Steinbrücker Zain- and Stabhammers as well as the Eibelshäuser Hütte, which were under the Steinbrücker hut inspection of Johann Jakob Jung, and the Haigerschen Hütte with the Rod hammer at Haiger and the Niederschelder Hammer, which were administered by the Haiger Hütteninspektion under the direction of Daniel Kretzmüller. The envisaged lease period was 20 years, whereby the huts were to be handed over individually, the two Steinbrücker hammers and the Teichhammer, however, were to be sold together.

Johannes Nassauer von Ebersbach founded a union (mining) with the participation of Johann Jakob Jung in August 1816 to take over the Eibelshäuser and Ebersbacher Hütte as well as the two Steinbrücker hammers as well as the Teichhammer. Nassauer and his union were able to prevail over their competitor Friedrich Karl zu Sayn-Wittengestein Hohenstein (1766-1837) [reference to Wikipedia]. The takeover agreement came about on August 5, 1816 and the annual lease amounted to 5,030 guilders. In January 1818, the Ducal Nassau recipe in Dillenburg auctioned off the remaining iron supplies from the Eibelshäuser and Ebersbacher Hütte from the time of the cathedral administration.

As a private entrepreneur, JJ Jung now managed the blast furnace plant in Eibelshausen, which he had previously run as the sovereign smelter inspector, as well as Steinbrücker and Teichhammer. In the period that followed, he concentrated his work on the Eibelshäuser Hütte, the condition and operation of which were repeatedly praised in official reports:

“All the care that is so much lacking in all other works seems to have been accumulated on the Eibelshausen hut. The hut construction and the required coal pots, iron stone places and other businesses are not only built in the appropriate dimensions and are durable, but also really fully maintained. It was the last ironworks that I looked at, but a completely new phenomenon. I found a good ironworking company here and an abundance of materials and makes. I have not been able to find out from which source the working capital that the ironworks inspector has invested for this hut and the three hammers, but if he is able to carry out his stated principles in a sustainable manner, I believe with confidence that it will the iron works will be handed over to his own advantage in better condition than he took over. "

The facilities under his management recorded an entrepreneurial success, whereas the Ebersbacher Hütte (Neuhütte), under the supervision of Nassauer and the other shareholders, had significant deficiencies that had a negative impact on the operating result of the entire company. The union disbanded as a result of these economic difficulties. The tender to buy or lease the Neuhütte near Straßebersbach took place in July 1821 and on August 20 the public auction was to take place in Straßebersbach under the direction of the responsible mayor Wilhelm Christian Speck. Speck and his business partner Carl Groos applied for this hut himself and both were awarded the contract by the Herzoglich Nassauischen recipe in Dillenburg.

Johann Jakob Jung managed the Eibelshäuser Hütte and the Teichhammer as well as the Stab- und Zainhämmer zu Steinbrücken alone from 1821, with which he laid the entrepreneurial foundation stone for the later Hesse-Nassau Hüttenverein. There does not seem to have been a public tender, as the Nassauer Intellektivenblatt, as the official body of the authorities, does not contain a corresponding advertisement. JJ Jung acquired additional pits on the extensive Roteisenstein deposits in the Scheldt Forest. In addition, Jung was entitled to iron stone deliveries from the dominal pits.

When his contract expired in 1833, the Nassau authorities put the Eibelshausen hut out to tender in October of the same year for renewed leasing for a period of twenty years. Two more public notices followed in March of the following year, 1834. However, the surviving sources contain no information as to why the hut was advertised for leasing several times. Perhaps the Nassau authorities hoped to be able to expand the group of applicants through the repeated advertisements in order to get the most advantageous conditions possible. On March 24, 1834, JJ Jung finally managed to lease the hut and the attached Steinbrücker hammers for another twenty years. When the contract expired at the beginning of the 1850s, the Jung family prevailed over their competitors from the Adolphshütte Frank & Giebler in the new leases. The Eibelshäuser Hütte and the Steinbrücker Hämmer finally became the property of the Jung family in 1865.

Thanks to his entrepreneurial skills, JJ Jung was able to successfully lead Eibelshäuser Hütte and Steinbrücker Hämmer through the turbulent times of the 1820s, 30s and 40s. Other tenants of the former sovereign huts and hammers had less economic success. The son and successor as smelter inspector of his former colleague and smelter inspector to Haiger Daniel Kretzmüller Carl Kretzmüller, who leased the area at the former ironworks near Burg and built a blast furnace with a band and rod hammer, went bankrupt in 1821, completely indebted His private fortune, consisting of a three-story house, a three-story stable and a large barn, was by no means sufficient to cover the debts that had accrued.

Wilhelm Christian Speck and Carl Groos also had to give up Neuhütte again in 1845, heavily in debt. It was put out to tender in November and again in December of that year for further leasing. Although JJ Jung was awarded the contract by the regional authorities in December of that year, the superior ducal general domain management refused to accept Jung for reasons unknown. Despite this setback, he did not let himself be discouraged from expanding his company with another hut. Johann Jakob Jung now planned to build a new iron and steel works in the still wooded Principality of Wittgenstein. After his death in January 1847, his wife Amalie, the sole heiress of the Jungian company, with the support of her sons and sons-in-law, led this project to success. The new blast furnace was built in 1849/50 on the site of the Niederlaaspher Hammer, which the Jung family was able to acquire in October 1847 from the property of Prince Alexander von Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein (1801–1874) for 4,695 thalers. The first tapping took place on February 16, 1850 in the presence of Amalie Jung, and in her honor the smelter was named Amalienhütte , which supplied the existing hammer with pig iron.

Political activities

In addition to his entrepreneurial activities, Johann Jakob Jung was also involved on a political level in the State Deputy Assembly. The estates of the Duchy of Nassau consisted of two chambers until the German Revolution of 1848/49 . The first chamber or gentleman's bench was composed of the ruling ducal family and the nobility. The second chamber or assembly of state deputies formed the landowners and tradespeople, who had to prove a certain amount of tax payments in accordance with the census option applicable in the Duchy of Nassau. The tradespeople who were entitled to vote represented three MPs. In January 1818, Johann Jakob Jung and Johannes Nassauer from Ebersbach were among the members of the electoral assembly for the Nassau state parliament from the group of tradesmen for the Dillenburg office due to their joint corporate assets. This joint tax assessment allows the conclusion that JJ Jung was an equal business partner of Johannes Nassauer and not, as can often be read in the relevant literature, only a subordinate partner.

Johann Jakob Jung was then elected by the tradespeople as one of their three members for the second electoral term from 1825 to 1831. The “special committee” of the Nassau state parliament to review the proper election of the deputies found that Jung “as a new deputy ..., according to the Acts, has duly identified himself as being able to take over the deputy”. Jung ran for election as President of the Assembly of Deputies in the session for 1828; However, he got only two votes, far behind the other candidates, which probably came from the other two MPs from the group of traders. However, the assembly of deputies elected him one of their two “secretaries” (secretaries) and he retained this office until he left the national assembly in 1831.

Jung represented the interests of traders in the Nassau state parliament. In 1825, when he was a deputy, he immediately campaigned for a reform of the mining and smelter administration. He called for a uniform legal basis for mine ownership and operation with the creation of relevant mining books and their proper management, so that there were binding documents in legal disputes. In addition, he showed his socio-political responsibility by advocating the establishment of a miners' union to provide social security for miners. In this context he referred to the example of the other large German-speaking mining districts, where these facilities had existed since the late 18th century, and thus indirectly criticized Nassau's backwardness on this central social question. The State Deputy Assembly accepted his proposal unanimously in the following session in 1826.

Furthermore, in 1831 he advocated Nassau's accession to the Zollverein, since the local iron industry was dependent on exports to the neighboring Zollverein states and their situation would deteriorate more and more if the Nassau government continued the policy of isolation. However, with a large majority of seventeen to three votes, the deputies refused to join the “Royal Prussian Customs Union” because they did not expect any benefit for the Nassau economy. Jung represented the interests of the export-oriented iron trade, whereas most of the deputies advocated the traditional and rather backward small trade that could hardly have existed against foreign competition in the Zollverein.

Johann Jakob Jung was finally again a member of the electoral assembly for the third electoral term from 1832 to 1839. After Carl Heinrich Jüngst von der Haigerhütte, his tax rate was second among the wealthy traders in the Dillenburg office. The sources known so far do not provide any information as to whether Johann Jakob Jung ran again for the election as the representative of the traders. He has not been a member of the Nassau state parliament since the third electoral term. For the fourth electoral term from 1839 to 1846, JJ Jung was again one of the members of the electoral assembly from among the tradespeople. However, the last few years need not have been so economically successful for him. His tax rate no longer reached the value of 1832 and he was only fourth among the wealthy traders in the Dillenburg office. For the fifth electoral term of 1846, JJ Jung was again one of the members of the electoral assembly from among the tradespeople. This time he was able to look back on very successful economic years, since his tax rate had more than doubled compared to 1839 and JJ Jung was now again in second place among the wealthy traders in the Dillenburg office.

Family and children

Catharina Amalie Jung
Friedrich, Ferdinand, Julius, Gustav August and Jakob Jung

The couple Johann Jakob and Amalie Jung are buried under two entwined elms at the entrance to the village church of Steinbrücken (Dietzhölztal) .

Johann Jakob Jung was a grandson of Johann Heinrich Jung (mountain master) . Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling was an uncle. Gustav Jung (iron works entrepreneur) is one of his grandchildren. Johann Jakob Jung married on March 19, 1805, Catharina Amalie Becker, who was born on March 2, 1782 in Dillenburg as the daughter of the Nassau procurator Carl Christian Becker (1742-1802) and his wife Catharine Elisabeth Arnoldin. Amalie Becker's two older sisters - Agnes (1757–1814) and Luise Philippine (1775–1837) - had married his older brothers Johann Heinrich and Heinrich Wilhelm. The married couple Johann Jakob and Amalie Jung had five daughters and five sons:

  1. Louise Henriette Jakobine, who was born on April 14, 1806 in Salzschlirf and died on June 20, 1877 in Dietzhölztal-Steinbrücken. She married on October 15, 1830 in Dietzhölztal-Steinbrücken the hut manager Georg August Herwig zu Steinbrücken, who was born on July 20, 1798 in Karlshafen and died on August 18, 1859 in Dietzhölztal-Steinbrücken.
  2. Marianne Karoline, who was born on September 4, 1807 in Saßmannshausen and died on May 18, 1878 in Siegen. On November 30, 1828, she married the pastor of Fischelbach in Steinbrücken and later of Feudingen Friedrich Christian Vogel , who was born on March 17, 1800 in Neuhütte and died on March 26, 1882 in Siegen.
  3. Wilhelmine Katherina, who was born on March 9, 1809 in Dietzhölztal-Steinbrücken, and died on December 3, 1864 in Breuna. On July 21, 1840, she married Pastor Hermann Adolf Rohde in Dietzhölztal-Steinbrücken, who was born in Meiningen on May 31, 1808 and died in Breuna on September 13, 1884.
  4. Jakob Ferdinand, who was born in Dietzhölztal-Steinbrücken on January 6, 1811 and died in Gießen on December 21, 1883. He married Caroline Josefine Stifft on October 7, 1845 in Dietzhölztal-Steinbrücken, who was born on December 11, 1822 in Dillenburg and died on February 13, 1892 in Wetzlar-Niedergirmes. She was the daughter of the church council Johann Heinrich Stifft (1779-1851), who came from a long-established Siegen family of mountain officials and entrepreneurs, and his wife Caroline (1796-1824), a native page engraver. Her father, Andreas Alexander Pagenstecher (1757–1841), was Vice President of the Chamber of Accounts in Wiesbaden and a member of the State Council, and her mother was Maria Elisabeth Amalie, née Schenck (1770–1830).
  5. Amalie, who was born on August 7, 1812 in Dietzhölztal-Steinbrücken and died on August 18, 1860 in Dietzhölztal-Steinbrücken. On April 26, 1838, she married Pastor Friedrich Adam Elias Conrad in Dietzhölztal-Steinbrücken, who was born in Dillenburg on October 3, 1805 and died in Strinz on May 14, 1841.
  6. Jakob Hermann, who was born on August 2nd, 1814 in Dietzhölztal-Steinbrücken and died there on September 17th, 1890. He married Luise Autschbach on December 16, 1847 in Laasphe-Fischelbach, who was born in Fischelbach on November 8, 1824 and died on December 22, 1861 in Dietzhölztal-Steinbrücken.
  7. Julie, who was born on June 21, 1817 in Dietzhölztal-Steinbrücken and died there on February 20, 1820.
  8. Friedrich Karl, who was born on April 22nd, 1820 in Dietzhölztal-Steinbrücken and died on March 13th, 1902 in Dillenburg. He married Adelheid Margarethe Friederike Hellwig on February 7, 1861 in Breuna, who was born in Kassel-Zierenberg on January 11, 1841 and died in Dillenburg on October 3, 1929.
  9. Julius Wilhelm Albert Christian, who was born on March 26, 1822 in Dietzhölztal-Steinbrücken and died on February 9, 1892 in Wiesbaden. On September 12, 1856 in Breuna, he married Emilie Juliane Fanny Molter, who was born on December 9, 1837 in Hanau and died on December 10, 1900 in Kassel.
  10. Gustav August Jung , who was born on December 10, 1824 in Dietzhölztal-Steinbrücken and died on May 20, 1904 in Amalienhütte. He married Luise Christiane Sophie Schmidt on November 27, 1849 in Dietzhölztal-Steinbrücken, who was born on July 11, 1827 in Laasphe and died on November 3, 1906 in Amalienhütte.

Johann Jakob Jung laid the foundation stone for the later well-known family company Hessen-Nassauischer Hüttenverein. His children and their spouses were divided into seven lines of equal rights: Pastor Friedrich Vogel zu Laasphe, 2nd Ferdinand Jung zu Dillenburg, 3rd Jakob Jung and 4th Friedrich Jung both zu Steinbrücken, 5th Julius Jung and 6th Gustav I. Jung both to Amalienhütte and 7th Julius Conrad to Steinbrücken. These seven lineages and their descendants determined the further entrepreneurial development of the Hessen-Nassau Hüttenverein. However, as a result, the ever increasing division of inheritance within the seven tribes made the HNHV's economic and financial freedom of action as a whole company increasingly difficult.

literature

  • Michael Fessner : The greens. An entrepreneurial family in Hessen-Nassau . Kiel 2013.
  • Michael Fessner: The young and green families . Kiel 2016.
  • Jochen Lengemann : MdL Hessen. 1808-1996. Biographical index (= political and parliamentary history of the state of Hesse. Vol. 14 = publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse. Vol. 48, 7). Elwert, Marburg 1996, ISBN 3-7708-1071-6 , p. 203.
  • Nassau parliamentarians. Part 1: Cornelia Rösner: The Landtag of the Duchy of Nassau 1818–1866 (= publications of the Historical Commission for Nassau. Vol. 59 = Prehistory and history of parliamentarism in Hesse. Vol. 16). Historical Commission for Nassau, Wiesbaden 1997, ISBN 3-930221-00-4 , No. 120.
  • Georg Schache: The Hessen-Nassauische Hüttenverein, GmbH, Steinbrücken, later Biedenkopf-Ludwigshütte, in: Hans Schubert, Joseph Ferfer, Georg Schache (Ed.): From the origin and development of the Buderus'schen Eisenwerke Wetzlar , vol. 2. Munich 1938 , Pp. 183-338.

Web links

Commons : Jung family (Hesse-Nassau)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Schache 1938, p. 225: "This work may well be viewed as a sample of a purposefully designed, excellently preserved and intelligently operated hut."
  2. ↑ Catharina Amalie Jung b. Becker is a descendant of Caspar Cruciger the Elder. Ä. , Jan Gruter , Sebastian Fröschel and Henrich Smet .
  3. ^ Pastor Friedrich Christian Vogel, Feudingen, 1848 deputy member of the Frankfurt National Assembly, see WITTGENSTEIN, Blätter des Wittgensteiner Heimatvereins eV, year 56, vol. 32, no.3, 1968
  4. ↑ Friedrich Vogel was the brother of Christian Daniel Vogel .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marburger Matrikel 1796-1810, 1798, No. 48, Joannes Jacobus Jung.
  2. ↑ Jung gen. Stilling, Johann Heinrich, in: Professor Catalog of the Philipps University of Marburg (as of November 1, 2018)
  3. ↑ Johann Heinrich Jung: History of the Nassau-Siegenschen Stahl- und Eisengewerbes , in: Comments of the Kuhrpfälzische physical-economic society from the year 1776, Lautern 1779, pp. 257–371.
  4. ↑ Eibelshausen, Eibelshausen Hut
  5. ↑ Schache 1938, p. 289.
  6. ↑ Jung, Johann Jakob. Hessian biography. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
  7. ↑ Herzoglich Nassauisches general intelligence sheet. Num. 8 February 24, 1816, pp. 77-78, Num. 10 March 9, 1816, pp. 83-84 and Num. 11th March 16, 1816.
  8. ↑ Herzoglich Nassauisches general intelligence sheet. Num. 20 May 18, 1816
  9. ↑ Schache 1938, p. 209.
  10. ↑ Frankfurter Ober Postamts Zeitung No 13, Tuesday, January 13, 1818
  11. ↑ Schache 1938, pp. 209-210.
  12. ↑ Schache 1938, p. 290.
  13. ↑ Herzoglich Nassauisches general intelligence sheet. Num. 30 July 28, 1821, p. 430.
  14. ↑ Herzoglich Nassauisches general intelligence sheet. Num. 43.Saturday, October 26th, 1833, p. 546.
  15. ↑ Herzoglich Nassauisches general intelligence sheet. Num. 10, Saturday, March 8, 1834, p. 159 and Num. 11 Saturday, March 15, 1834.
  16. ↑ Schache 1938, p. 223.
  17. ↑ Herzoglich Nassauisches general intelligence sheet. Num. 37. September 14, 1816, p. 352
  18. ↑ Herzoglich Nassauisches general intelligence sheet. Num. 9 March 3, 1821, p. 228 and Num. 36, September 8, 1821
  19. ↑ Herzoglich Nassauisches general intelligence sheet. Num. 5. Saturday, January 30th, 1847, p. 70.
  20. ↑ Herzoglich Nassauisches general intelligence sheet. Num. 48.Saturday November 29, 1845, p. 780. u. Num. 52.Saturday December 27, 1845, p. 830.
  21. ↑ Fessner 2013, pp. 221–228. Fessner 2016, pp. 47–51.
  22. ↑ a b Ordinance Gazette of the Duchy of Nassau, tenth year, 1818, p. 23.
  23. ↑ Minutes of the meeting of the regional assembly of deputies of the Duchy of Nassau from the year 1828, Wiesbaden 1829, p. 7
  24. ↑ Minutes of the meeting of the Land estates assembly of deputies of the Duchy of Nassau from the year 1828, Wiesbaden 1829, p. 14. Ibid. 1831, p. 1.
  25. ^ Ordinance sheet of the Duchy of Nassau, seventeenth year, 1825, p. 26 and P. 30. New general political annals, seventeenth volume, Stuttgart / Tübingen 1825, p. 98.
  26. ↑ Minutes of the meeting of the regional assembly of deputies of the Duchy of Nassau from the year 1826, Wiesbaden 1827, pp. 98-100 (Annex Lit F.).
  27. ↑ Minutes of the meeting of the regional assembly of deputies of the Duchy of Nassau from the year 1825, Wiesbaden 1826, p. 110 u. P. 126
  28. ↑ Minutes of the meeting of the regional assembly of deputies of the Duchy of Nassau from the year 1831, Wiesbaden 1832, pp. 201–202.
  29. ^ Ordinance sheet of the Duchy of Nassau, twenty-fourth year, 1832, p. 43 u. P.56.
  30. ^ Ordinance sheet of the Duchy of Nassau, thirty-first year, 1839, p. 41.
  31. ^ Ordinance sheet of the Duchy of Nassau, thirty-eighth year, 1846, p. 44.
  32. ↑ Dillenburgische Intellektiven-Nachrichten 1774, Col. 191.
  33. ↑ Bonnenberg (MyHeritage)
  34. ↑ Fessner 2016, pp. 47–51. Fessner 2013, pp. 221–228
  35. ↑ Schache 1938, p. 276.
personal data
SURNAME Jung, Johann Jakob
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German ironworker in Hessen-Nassau
DATE OF BIRTH February 19, 1779
PLACE OF BIRTH Have to
DATE OF DEATH January 16, 1847
Place of death Stone bridges (Dietzhölztal)