Johann Martin von Rohden

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Johann Martin von Rohden, drawn by Franz Nadorp , Rome 1836
Waterfall near Tivoli , 1800–1810; Hamburger Kunsthalle
Waterfalls at Tivoli , 1819; Museum of Fine Arts Leipzig

Johann Martin von Rohden , also Johann Martin Rohden (born July 30, 1778 in Kassel , † September 9, 1868 in Rome ), was a German landscape painter .

origin

The members of the Rohden family came from Jülich via the Netherlands to Kassel at the beginning of the 17th century for religious reasons. His parents were the businessman Moritz von Rohden (1745–1811) and his wife Susanne Isabelle Kiste . His sister Marianne von Rohden was married to the painter Ludwig Hummel (1770–1840) and director of the Kassel Art Academy .

Life

First he attended the Academy for Painting in Kassel until 1795. At the end of May 1795 he moved to Rome together with the Kassel builder Karl du Ry (arrival: June 1st). In 1798, however, the second coalition war (1798–1801) broke out, in Rome in February 1798 the republic was proclaimed by French troops (in 1799 it was already over). Von Rohden left Italy in March 1799, presumably because of this unsafe situation (a journey by ship to the north along the Italian coast made at that time is documented by some surviving graphics ). Von Rohden was found in Germany again around 1801/02.

Rome, Campo Santo Teutonico , epitaphs by Johann Martin von Rohden (above) and his children (below)

In 1802, Johann Martin von Rohden (and Ludwig Hummel , also from Kassel) won the 30 ducat annual prize of the art magazine Propylaea published by Goethe and Johann Heinrich Meyer on the subject Perseus liberates Andromeda with one of his first paintings . The award-winning painting by the young artist, however, was not bought by the elector, as his father had hoped, but kept by the jury for years and finally sold to third parties for less than the intended value.

From 1802 to 1811, however, Johann Martin von Rohden was already back in Rome, where he joined the circle of the German Romans, in particular around the neoclassicists Joseph Anton Koch and Johann Christian Reinhart (also Johann Erdmann Hummel , Gottlieb Schick , Ernst Platner , Johann Martin Wagner , Camille Corot and others).

In 1805 von Rohden traveled from Rome to Sicily . During another short stay in Germany (1811/12) he met Goethe personally. At the end of September 1812 he returned to Rome. In 1815 he married Catarina Coccanari, daughter of the Sybillen innkeeper from Tivoli (in order to make the marriage possible, he converted to the Catholic faith). With her he had a son, Franz von Rohden (born February 15, 1817 in Rome, † December 28, 1903 in Rome), another son died at a young age.

In 1827 the Hessian elector Wilhelm II called him back to Kassel as court painter . But as early as 1829 he took a leave of absence from Germany, traveled back to Rome and made further paintings for the elector from there. Since 1831 he received an annual salary of 12,000 thalers from the elector . All he had to do was make a landscape painting from Italy of his own choice every two years, which was rewarded with an additional 1,000 thalers if he was particularly fond of it. At the age of 54 (1832) he was released from the electoral service. Rohden continued to draw his annual salary for life, even after the elector's death (1847), even under the new Prussian government.

Johann Martin von Rohden died in Rome on September 9, 1868. His grave is, next to that of his painter friends, in the German Cemetery Campo Santo Teutonico .

Appreciation

Johann Martin von Rohden was one of the most important landscape painters of the first half of the 19th century. Due to his careful and detail-obsessed, and therefore inevitably slower way of working, he left only a comparatively few works. In terms of style, he oriented himself towards Jakob Philipp Hackert with early classical echoes . He then found role models in the circle of painters around Joseph Anton Koch and Johann Christian Reinhart , but also Karl Blechen . Since around 1810 he has clearly turned to the progressive, objective direction within landscape painting of his time. The dominant motif of his drawings and paintings are then natural landscapes, often in wide panoramas, with clear lines dominating over the color and mild color changes, very lifelike. They often no longer contain any romantic staffag architecture, often have no foreground and also largely abstain from the pathos of the circle around Joseph Anton Koch. His multiple depictions of the waterfalls of Tivoli and the landscapes from the Campagna Romana are known above all .

In addition to his work as a painter, he was an avid hunter, about whom many anecdotes and caricatures of his painter friends are known (nickname: "Heiliger Münchhausen").

The first major retrospective of his work took place in the new Kassel gallery in 2000.

Works (excerpt)

Exhibitions

1935: Large art exhibition, Kunstverein Kassel

literature

  • Marianne Heinz:  Rohden, Johann Martin von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 21, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-428-11202-4 , p. 765 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Marianne Heinz (Ed.), U. a .: Johann Martin von Rohden: 1778–1868 ; [Staatliche Museen Kassel, Neue Galerie, September 22 - November 19, 2000; Von-der-Heydt-Museum, Wuppertal, December 3, 2000 - February 4, 2001], Kassel: Neue Galerie; Wolfratshausen: Edition Minerva, 2000, ISBN 3-932353-43-9 .
  • Lisa Oehler: Johann Martin von Rohden: (1778–1868) , in: Ingeborg Schnack (Ed.): Lebensbilder aus Kurhessen and Waldeck 1830–1930 , Vol. 4, Marburg ad Lahn, 1950, pp. 276–284.
  • Ruth Irmgard Pinnau: Johann Martin von Rohden, 1778–1969: Life and Work , Bielefeld [u. a.]: Broelemann [u. a.], 1965 (also: Hamburg, Phil. Fac., dissertation, 1965)
  • Sabine Röder: Cave fascination in art around 1800. A contribution to the iconography of classicism and romanticism in Germany. (Berlin, Freie Univ., Dissertation 1985), Remscheid: Druckhaus Arns, 1985
  • Städtische Kunstsammlungen Kassel (ed.): Martin Von Rohden: (1778 Kassel - Rome 1868); Louis Kolitz (1845 Tilsit - Berlin 1914); Paul Baum (1859 Meissen - San Gimignano 1932) , (exhibition booklets of the municipal art collections in Kassel; 9), Kassel, 1962.
  • Rohden, Johann Martin von . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 28 : Ramsden-Rosa . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1934, p. 552-553 .
  • Franz Weinitz :  Rohden, Johann Martin von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 29, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1889, p. 52.

Web links

General

Commons : Johann Martin von Rohden  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Correspondence with Goethe

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Source: Letters (1) - (4)
  2. ↑ Source: Letter 4
personal data
SURNAME Rohden, Johann Martin von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rohden, Johann Martin; Rhoden, Johann Martin von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German landscape painter and draftsman, German-Roman
DATE OF BIRTH July 30, 1778
PLACE OF BIRTH kassel
DATE OF DEATH September 9, 1868
Place of death Rome