Johann Matthias Rabbit

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Johann Matthias Hase , also Johannes Hasius, Haas, Haase (born January 14, 1684 in Augsburg ; † September 24, 1742 in Wittenberg ) was a mathematician, astronomer, cartographer and historical geographer.

Life

Asia map by Johann Matthias Hase, published posthumously in 1744

As the son of a mathematics teacher, Hase first learned at his birthplace at St. Anna High School and was enthusiastic about mathematics from his father at an early age. He first went to the University of Helmstedt in 1701 to devote himself to mathematics under Rudolf Christian Wagner (1671–1741), and in 1704 he moved to the University of Leipzig , where he studied algebra with Christian Wolff .

In 1707 he earned his master's degree in philosophy with the treatise Specimen algebrae ad artem fortificatoriam applicatae . He then went to Augsburg to work as a teacher. However, he was barely able to keep himself afloat with his mathematics lessons, so that he was already thinking of devoting himself to theology. Soon, however, he returned to Leipzig as court master of two Augsburg patricians and was later able to occupy himself increasingly with geography, astronomy and map drawing as an adjunct at the philosophical faculty.

When his former teacher Christian Wolff in Halle (Saale) was offered the chair for higher mathematics at the University of Wittenberg , he turned it down on May 6, 1715 and recommended his former student Hase. In his recommendation, he said that if he went to Wittenberg, Hase would definitely take up his position at the University of Halle and praised his teaching skills for “useful mathematics”. So he could give thorough instructions for cracks in civil and military architecture. However, the professorship was given to someone else. When the professorship in lower mathematics at the University of Wittenberg became vacant in 1719, Hase was able to prevail with his application and take up his full professorship on January 22, 1720.

Shortly thereafter, on January 27, 1720, he became an adjunct of the philosophical faculty. In Wittenberg, Hase presented himself as a person who made mathematics his life's work. His interests made no distinction between higher and lower mathematics, but he valued practice-oriented teaching. In the mention of geography and hand drawing, Hases indicates the actual importance as a cartographer.

He "among the Germans began to improve the maps first according to mathematical and historical reasons." His disputation Sciagraphia integri tractatus de constructione mapparum omnis generis (Leipzig 1717) shows that what he called "stereographic horizontal projection" has the advantage of the greatest possible similarity Has. In conjunction with the Nuremberg publisher Homann, he created a map of the world Planiglobii terrestris mappa universalis (1746). "It contains the Old and New World, even western Australia as Nova Hollandia, with the correct longitude and latitude." In addition to this map, "he also published maps of Europe, Africa and individual countries of the world" and has thus gained importance in the field of cartography.

Hase used chronology and geography to explain universal history in his works Regni Davidici et Salomonaei descriptio geographica et historica (Nuremberg 1739), Phosphorus Historiarum vel Prodromus theatri summorum imperiorum (Leipzig 1742), and Historiae universalis politicae idea (Nuremberg 1743). In order to honor his achievements in the historical subject, his faculty proposed him in 1742 before the actual Denominandos for the professorship of history. He used to equip his writings on this with tables and maps. He believed that history was such that it could not be clearly explained without geographical representations ("Tabulae Geographicae"), and deplored the neglect of basic geographic teachings among historians.

In his Phosphorus the subject matter is presented, namely the overall state of the empires, as in a drama, which is why the title (historical) "theater" appears. The division of the material into 16 chapters ignores the traditional scheme of the four biblical monarchies. In an academic speech on April 30, 1728, Hase had already left the controversy over the monarchies aside and declared that he would proceed with Mathematicorum more in this matter .

Hase occasionally extended his public lectures to the field of higher mathematics: to gnomonics in 1723 and mathematical geography in 1732, although these are to be regarded as an "appendix" of astronomy and this belongs to the "elementis sphaericis", as can be clearly seen from Sacroboscos De sphaera be. Overall, his geographic lectures included historical-political geography, both of the Holy Roman Empire and all continents, the geography of modern Germany as well as mathematical and historical geography.

During a lengthy vacancy of the historical chair in 1740/41 he offered lectures on universal history using chronological tables and geographic maps. He was rector of the university from May 1, 1728 until the winter semester. To support his astronomical endeavors, he tried to initiate an observatory at the Wittenberg University; The moon crater Hase and the Rimae Hase are named after him.

genealogy

In terms of genealogy, it should be noted that Hase was Rosimunde Sophia from Zwickau, the daughter of Dr. med and Physicus in Zwickau had married Nicolas Götze and his wife Theodora Sophie (née Claubert), who was later married to the superintendent of Zwickau Christian Gotthelf Blumenberg. The following children are known from this marriage:

  1. Christian Gotthilf Hase (born November 6, 1725 in Wittenberg)
  2. Rosamunde Theodora Hase (born November 28, 1726 in Wittenberg)
  3. Johann Gottfried Hase (born January 1, 1733 in Wittenberg)
  4. Sophia Hedwig Hase (born January 13, 1736 in Wittenberg)
  5. Karl August Hase (born May 30, 1737 in Wittenberg)
  6. Matthias August Hase (born June 20, 1742 in Wittenberg; † March 21, 1771 in Wittenberg) died as an adjunct of the Wittenberg philosophical faculty and was a bachelor

Works

  • Specimen algebrae ad artem fortificatoriam applicatae. Master's thesis, Leipzig 1707
  • Sciagraphia integri tractatus de constructione mapparum omnis generis, geographicarum, hydrographicarum et astronomicarum et in specie de projectionibus sphaerarum imprimis stereographica . Leipzig 1717
  • Dissertatio physico-mathematica de tubis stentoreis, in qua de figura & constructione exponitur earum et auctorum qui de eis egerunt, sententiae explicantur ac momento suo ponderantur . Leipzig 1719
  • Dissertatio De Tubis Stentoreis, Earumqve Forma Et Structura, Fundamenta Ejus Praxeos Exhibens / Qvam DFG Pro Loco In Fac. Phil. Lips. Obtinendo Postrema Vice Disputaturus Ad Diem XVIII. Mart. MDCCXIX. Leipzig 1719
  • Pithometriae sive doliorum mensurae theoria nova algebrae ope eruta et perfecta . 2 volumes Wittenberg 1723
  • Dissertatio academica de nihilo mathematico et formulis affinibus harumque in specie illis, quibus nihilo minores quantitates exprimuntur . Wittenberg 1727
  • Dissertatio Mathematica De Pulchritudine Architectonica Prior . Wittenberg 1727
  • Phosphorus historiarum, vel prodromus theatri summorum imperiorum: hoc est, historiae politicae universalis partis potioris et principalis, sistens recensionem, catalogos, vel si mavis, sciagraptiam, aut tabulas principum vel imperantium in illis imperiis, etiamque ... quis eisdem connexis, una cum enumeratione ditionum geographica . Leipzig 1728
  • Laudation funebris ..., funeral speech for Christiane Eberhardine von Brandenburg-Bayreuth , Wittenberg 1728
  • De Quantitatis Et Unitatis Arithmeticae Vera Notione . Wittenberg 1732
  • Disputatio Mathematica In Qua Doctrinam De Effectu Lentium Simplicium Tam Extra Oculum Quam In Oculo Ope Algebrae Expeditiorem Redditam Sub Praesidio ... Wittenberg 1735
  • Africa Secundum legitimas Projectionis Stereographicae regulas et juxta recentissimas relationes et observationes in subsidium vocatis quoquo veterum Leonis Africani Nubiensis Geographi et aliorum monumentis et eliminatis fabulosis aliorum desiganationibus pro praesenti statu ejus aptius exhibita; Cum privil. SCM nec non SRM Polon. et Elect. Sax . Nuremberg 1737
  • Regni Davidici et Salomonaei descriptio geographica et historica . Nuremberg 1739
  • Phosphorus Historiarum vel Prodromus theatri summorum imperiorum . Leipzig 1742
  • De Magnitudine Comparata Et Determinata Urbium: Quae Propter Ipsam Mangnitudinem Celebres Habentur Potissimum In Antiquitate ... Consideratione Quorundam Operum Veterum Ex Magnificentissimis . 1739
  • Evropa: in partes suas X Methodicas a primariis regnis denominata secundum divisa fidem recentissimarum observationum Mathematicarum et Historicarum, et exhibita secundum legitimas projectionis Stereographis leges = L'Evrope Divise'e en ses X Principales Parties, Cum Priv. Sac. Caes. Majest. Grat. / A Ioh. Matth. Hasio, IM Seeligmann sc. Nor., Sculp., IC Reinsperger sculpsit . Nuremberg 1743
  • Circvli Sveviae Mappa = Le Cercle de Svabe / ex subsidijs Michalianis delineata & a D.no IM Hasio MPP quo ad accuratam singulorum Statuum determinationem emendata & ad L L. magis legitimae project reducta. Opus summi Geographi posthumum, & adjuncta Tabula explanatoria editum opera Homannianorum Heredum . Nuremberg 1743
  • Map of the Russian Empire and the great as well as the small Crimean Tartarey: together with the draft of a declaration drawn up and the most insurmountable and powerful Empress Anna decides Nuremberg 1738 “Historiae universalis politicae idea” . Nuremberg 1743, reprint Stuttgart 1976
  • Planiglobii terrestris mappa universalis . 1746
  • Dvcatvs Silesiae Tabvla Altera Svperiorem Silesiam = La Haute Silesie, qui comprend les Principautes de Neise, de Munsterberg, de Iaegerndorf, de Troppau, d 'Oppeln, de Ratibor, de Teschen; Cum Priv. Sac. Cæs. Maj. / Exhibens ex mappa Hasiana majore desumta & excusa per Homannianos Heredes . Nuremberg 1746
  • Circuli Sueviae 1748 Reprint Stuttgart 1989
  • Dvcatvs Silesiae Tabvla Geographica Prima Inferiorem Eivs Partem, seu Novem Principatvs, quorum insignia hic adjecta sunt, secundum statum recentissimium complectens = La Basse Silesiae qui comprend les Principautes de Schweidnitz, de Iaer, de Glogau, de Breslau, de Wolau, de Oels & de Sagan / Ad mentem Hasiani avtographi majoris legitime delineata et edita curis Homann. Heredum . Nuremberg after 1750
  • Descriptio geographico-historica regni Davidici et Salomonei cum delineatione Syriae et Aegypti: juncta est urbium maximarum veterum et recentiorum comparatio, multis mappis geographicis et ichnographicis adornata Nuremberg 1754

literature

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personal data
SURNAME Hase, Johann Matthias
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hasius, Johannes Matthias; Hasius, Iohannes Matthias; Hasio, Johanne Matthia; Haas, Johannes Matthias; Haase, Johannes Matthias
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German mathematician, astronomer, cartographer and historical geographer
DATE OF BIRTH January 14, 1684
PLACE OF BIRTH augsburg
DATE OF DEATH September 24, 1742
Place of death Wittenberg