Johann Schmaus

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Memorial plaque on Schmausstrasse 2 in Berlin-Koepenick
Stumbling stone at Schmausstrasse 2

Johann Schmaus (born December 5, 1879 in Munich ; died June 22, 1933 in Berlin-Koepenick ) was a German Social Democrat , member of the board of the agricultural workers' association , member of the Reich Economic Council and murder victim of the Koepenick Blood Week .

Life

Johann Schmaus learned the trade of carpenter . From 1905 he was the local chairman of the Munich " Central Association of Carpenters and Related Professionals in Germany ". From 1913 he was in Mainz as a full-time trade union official of the German Agricultural Workers' Association , in 1920 he was secretary of the main board of this union and moved with his family to Berlin. Here he was appointed to the "Provisional Reich Economic Council | Provisional Reich Economic Council" as an employee representative for agriculture. He was a member of the Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold and in 1933 headed the Köpenick branch.

On the evening of June 20, 1933, SA men tried to take Johann Schmaus and his sons Hans and Anton prisoner. But all three were absent. The next morning, June 21, 1933, SA men forced their way into the Schmaus family's apartment, but found none of the three. Johann Schmaus had not been in Köpenick for several days, as the Köpenick Sturmabteilung (SA) of the NSDAP had been assaulting again and again for weeks . Johann's wife Katharina informed her husband about these events and that the SA had confiscated the family's extensive library during the search. Nevertheless, Schmaus went to his apartment at Alte Dahlwitzer Strasse 2 that evening. In the late evening three SA men forced their way into the house. Anton stood in the way of the SA and shot the intruders in self-defense. He fatally hit two SA men, and a third was probably injured by his own people during the exchange of fire. Anton Schmaus saved himself from being attacked by the SA by jumping out of the window. In an irrepressible rage, the SA men who had moved up rushed to Johann Schmaus. He was brutally mistreated and tortured to death by them. Finally he was hung up in the garden shed to fake suicide. Johann Schmaus was buried in the Socialist Memorial in August 1933 .

His wife Katharina Schmaus and their 13-year-old daughter Margareta abducted SA to the district court prison in Köpenick . Katharina Schmaus was severely mistreated there in the presence of her daughter, after which she had to be treated in hospital for months. Some of Johann Schmaus' five children fled abroad temporarily. The family was expropriated by the National Socialists a few months later, on the grounds that the deed of the youngest son Anton meant that the family's assets were to be regarded as "subversive". The National Socialists used the events in the Schmaus' house for propaganda purposes throughout the Reich.

Commemoration

  • On July 31, 1947, his residential street “Alte Dahlwitzer Straße” was renamed “Schmausstraße”. Schmausstrasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
  • Memorial plaques on the residential building (Schmausstraße 2) and at Essenplatz 1 remember Johann Schmaus.
  • Johann- and Anton-Schmaus-Oberschule Kiekebuschstraße, Berlin-Köpenick.
  • The "Johann-Schmaus-Straße" in Munich's Neuhausen district has honored him since 1987.
  • Memorial plaque, Erich Janitzky and Johannes Stelling, Stelling-Janitzky-Brücke, Berlin-Adlershof .
  • A stumbling block at Schmausstrasse 2 has been a reminder of his murder since December 2, 2013.

literature

  • Bartholomew Night in Koepenick . In: Brown book on Reichstag fire and Hitler terror . First published under the title Livre Brun sur l'incendie du Reichstag et le terreur hitlerìenne . With a foreword by Lord Marley. Edition Carrefour Paris 1933, p. 329 ff. At the same time, editions in German were published by the Universum library in Basel and translations into the most important languages ​​of the world. (Lord Marley was an influential Labor politician) Text Archive - Internet Archive
  • Walter Hornung : Night over Köpenick . In: The word. Literary monthly . Moscow 1937, p. 15 ff.
  • Kurt Werner, Karl Heinz Biernat: The Köpenicker Blood Week June 1933 . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1958. (47 pages)
    • Kurt Werner, Karl Heinz Biernat: The Köpenicker blood week June 1933 with an appendix of the victims . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1960. (103 pages)
  • Johann Schmaus. Anton Schmaus . In: Luise Kraushaar : German resistance fighters 1933–1945, biographies and letters . Volume 2. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1970, pp. 165-166.
  • Heinrich-Wilhelm Wörmann: Resistance in Köpenick and Treptow . German Resistance Memorial Center, Berlin 1995, pp. 25, 26, 27, 34, 37, 45, 46, 302. (= Series of publications on the resistance in Berlin from 1933 to 1945. Volume 9) ISBN 3-926082-03-8 . Digitized version (PDF)
  • Bund der Antifaschisten Köpenick (ed.): Commemoration and warning - against forgetting. In memory of the children, women and men of the Berlin-Köpenick district who were persecuted by Nazi terror from 1933 to 1945 , Berlin 2001, p. 97
  • Anita Wünschmann: That's how deep the snow is in Italy. The Nazis' largest terrorist operation began 70 years ago in Köpenick. The story of Anton Schmaus . In: Berliner Zeitung , June 21, 2003
  • Günter Flick: The Köpenick Blood Week. Facts, Legends and Political Justice . In: Zeitschrift des Forschungsverbund SED-Staat 21 (2007), pp. 3–17.
  • Stefan Hördler (Hrsg.): SA-Terror as security of rule: “Köpenicker Blutwoche” and public violence under National Socialism . Metropol, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-86331-133-9 .
  • Gunther Geserick, Klaus Vendura, Ingo Wirth: contemporary witness death. Spectacular forensic medicine cases . 6th edition. Militzke Verlag, 2011. Militzke Verlag, Leipzig 2011, ISBN 978-3-86189-628-9 , books.google.de
  • Johann Schmaus . In: Lexicon Resistance in Berlin 1933–1945 . Volume 7. Trafo Verlag, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-89626-907-2 .
  • Herbert Mayer: A reminder to the Köpenick blood week . In: Berlin monthly magazine ( Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein ) . Issue 6, 1998, ISSN  0944-5560 , p. 86-88 ( luise-berlin.de ).

Web links

Commons : Johann Schmaus  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marion Goers.
  2. ^ Joachim Hoffmann : Berlin-Friedrichsfelde. A German national cemetery - cultural and historical travel guide . Das Neue Berlin, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-360-00959-2 , p. 115.
  3. ↑ Anita Wünschmann.
personal data
SURNAME Schmaus, Johann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German social democrat, trade unionist, victim of the Köpenick blood week
DATE OF BIRTH December 5, 1879
PLACE OF BIRTH Munich
DATE OF DEATH June 22, 1933
Place of death Berlin-Koepenick