Johanna Antonie Broekel

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Johanna Antonie Broekel (born September 1, 1819 in Tondern , Duchy of Schleswig , † October 21, 1890 in Kiel ) was a German school founder and novelist.

Life

family

Johanna Antonie Broekel was the daughter of the lawyer Christoph Friedrich Hans Broekel (* 1779 in Kiel; † 1823 in Tondern) and Anna Christina Antoinette (1781-1852), a daughter of the procurator Diederich Cornelius Christian Schwers. Her paternal grandfather was the Kiel law professor Georg Broeckel , who came from the Hanover nobility . Friederike Schwers, her maternal aunt, was married to Meyer Isaac Schiff, the first Jewish lawyer in Kiel, who was one of the founders of the Society for Schleswig-Holstein History and a leading member of the Kiel Society of Voluntary Poor Friends.

She had at least seven older siblings. Her sister Elisabeth Ernestine (1809–1873) was married to the Kiel professor of theology Carl Peter Matthias Lüdemann , another sister, Johanna Dorothea Friederike (* 1817), with his brother, the pastor and Eutin church councilor Georg Johann Friedrich Lüdemann. Sarah, another sister, married the lawyer Adolph Kamphövener and became the mother of Louis von Kamphövener and grandmother of the storyteller Elsa Sophia von Kamphoevener .

Headmistress

After the early death of the father, the mother and the children moved back to their hometown of Kiel. Unlike her sisters, Johanna Antonie remained unmarried. Because there weren't many other ways to get a job as a woman in her day, she founded a private girls' school with boarding school in Kiel in December 1843 . It was the first secondary school for girls in Kiel. As was customary at the time, she did not have any training beyond her own schooling. Thanks to the support of her brother-in-law, professor of theology Lüdemann, who founded a committee to which Provost Claus Harms also belonged, she quickly gained popularity. She only had to undergo an examination of her qualifications after a Prussian decree regarding private girls' schools in the province of Schleswig-Holstein in 1869.

In 1861, the first urban girls' school in Schleswig-Holstein, today's Ricarda Huch School , was founded. Broekels private school continued to flourish, however: the number of its female students doubled from 54 in 1860 to over 100 in 1873. It was taught in four classes. She hired her nieces Bertha and Clara Lüdemann as teachers. In 1863 she published her first book.

After the death of her aunt Friederike Schiff in 1859, Broekel was one of the heirs. She also benefited from the "Schiff'sche Stiftung" founded by Meyer Isaac Schiff for the benefit of needy, sickly, over 45 years old, uneducated and uneducated women living in Kiel, which mainly supported relatives of Friederike Schiff. In 1875 she was able to afford to withdraw from teaching and the school administration to devote herself exclusively to writing. In the autumn of 1886 she lived as " Rentière " in Kiel. The private school she founded closed in 1890, while the state girls' school gained more popularity from that point on.

Writer

Broekel's first publication in 1863 was the story Defenseless but not helpless , the protagonist of which had a fate similar to herself: a young woman from a good family who was left to her own devices and had to survive as an educator. Four years later, the collection of poems, Blätter and Leaflets, found in good u. bad days and then at regular intervals stories and often multi-volume novels, most of which had the lives of working women as their content. Her protagonists had to deal with the lack of equality and the prejudices that working women were exposed to.

"In her novels and short stories, she has dealt with the questions of the profession of women and the employability of the female sex with zeal and insight, but has not forgotten about the tendency to warmly and comfortably present the tragedy and poetry of the living conditions treated."

Broekel published under the pseudonym A (ntonie) Brook, using the original form of the surname that her grandfather had given up. Her novels were "favorably received", were translated and some had several editions.

Works

  • Defenseless but not helpless (story), Dresden 1863
  • Leaves and leaflets found in good and bad days (collection of poems), Berlin 1867
  • Nanna - a picture of life (story), Berlin 1868
  • The Castle in the Ardennes (Roman), Berlin 1869
  • On the ocean of life (novel), Berlin 1874
  • Guardian and ward (Roman), Berlin 1877
  • Paul von Kampmann (historical novel), Berlin 1879
  • Light and Shadow (novel), Berlin 1881
  • Just one daughter (novel), Berlin 1883

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Eduard Alberti: Lexicon of Schleswig-Holstein-Lauenburg and Eutinian writers from 1866-1882 . Kiel 1885, Volume 1, p. 81.
  2. ↑ a b Jörg Paulsen: Meyer Isaac Schiff. Author's WordPress blog, May 6, 2016, accessed June 2, 2018 .
  3. ↑ Because of the same first name sometimes confused with Johanna Antonie.
  4. ↑ City Archives Kiel 11,366th
  5. ↑ Johann Grönhoff: Kiel private daughters schools . In: Communication from the Society for Kiel City History , 53, 1961, pp. 173–193; P. 180.
  6. ↑ Johann Grönhoff: The professional training of teachers in Schleswig-Holstein from its beginnings to the establishment of educational academies. Guide to teacher training , 37/38, 1963, p. 64.
  7. ↑ History of the School. Ricarda-Huch-Schule history, accessed on June 2, 2018 .
  8. ↑ Johann Grönhoff: Kiel private daughters schools . In: Communication from the Society for Kiel City History , 53, 1961, pp. 173–193; P. 181.
  9. ↑ Grönhoff: A campaigner for women's rights 100 years ago [Johanna Broekel] , p. 200.
  10. ↑ Broekel, Johanna Antonie . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 17, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 170.
  11. ↑ CA Nissen: Broekel, Johanna Antonie . In: Carl Frederik Bricka (Ed.): Dansk biografisk Lexikon. Tillige omfattende Norge for Tidsrummet 1537-1814. 1st edition. tape 3 : Brandt – Clavus . Gyldendalske Boghandels Forlag, Copenhagen 1889, p. 207 (Danish, runeberg.org ).
  12. ^ Diary of the culture of intellectual and social life. Supplement to the Austrian Gazebo , No. 37. In: Österreichische Gartenlaube. Weekly for Family and People, Freedom and Progress , Volume 2.
personal data
SURNAME Broekel, Johanna Antonie
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Brook, A.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German school founder and novelist
DATE OF BIRTH September 1, 1819
PLACE OF BIRTH Tondern
DATE OF DEATH October 21, 1890
Place of death Kiel