Johannes Hartmann (universal scholar)
Johannes Hartmann , also called Hartmanni , Hartmannus and Johann Hartmann, (born January 15, 1568 in Amberg ; † December 12, 1631 in Kassel ) was a polymath, chemist, physician and rector at the University of Marburg . He was the first German chemistry professor.
Life
Johannes Hartmann was born in Amberg in 1568 as the son of a weaver and initially became a bookbinder. Because of his outstanding talent, he was promoted by the rector of the Amberg city school and, with the support of the Amberg city council, was able to visit the universities of Altdorf , Wittenberg and Jena , where he mainly studied mathematics. In Wittenberg he met the later geographer, cartographer and historian Wilhelm Dilich , whose family had connections to the Hessian dynasty and in 1591 gave him a job as court mathematician (astrologer) in Kassel. In 1592 he became professor of mathematics at the University of Marburg as the successor to the mathematics professor Victorinus Schönfeldt, who died in 1591, and in particular on the use of Landgrave Wilhelm . Knowledge of geometry, astronomy and land surveying were required (the latter was the decisive factor against the appointment of the court mathematician Christoph Rothmann ). However, he also continued to advise the Landgrave and was in Kassel in 1598/99 in order to work on the publication of an astronomical work on his behalf. During this time he also taught at the court school (Collegium Mauritianum) and deepened his knowledge of chemistry and medicine in contact with the personal physicians Hermann Wolff and Jacob Mosanus and in the well-equipped laboratory of the landgrave. In 1599 he returned to Marburg and began to study alchemical and medical texts, especially by Paracelsus students (like the French Joseph Duchesne (Quercetanus)) and by Basilius Valentinus , with whose editor Johann Thölde he corresponded.
In 1609 he was appointed head of the newly founded Collegium Chymicum by the landgrave and professor of chymiatry (iatrochemistry). One focus of the laboratory was the manufacture of medicines, which is why it was also given the addition of Chymico-Medicum. He was the first chemistry professor in Germany and also had the first university laboratory for chemistry, in which students were taught who came to study from many countries (including Denmark, Poland, England). Many dissertations in chymiatry were written (first in 1610 by the later personal physician of Landgrave Johannes Rhenanus ), but Hartmann himself hardly published during his lifetime. He also worked as a doctor and treated, for example, Prince Johann Georg von Anhalt-Dessau , to the displeasure of the Hessian landgrave, who suspected that he was being poached (Hartmann had traveled there with his family). In 1618 Hartmann was therefore temporarily suspended in Marburg.
In 1621 he moved to Kassel as court physician to Landgrave Moritz and as professor at the court school (Collegium Mauritianum). The office of court doctor had already been offered to him in 1608. At that time, however, he had refused because his medical knowledge was not yet sufficient. At the university he was last on leave without pay. He stayed in Kassel even after Landgrave Moritz abdicated in 1627 and served his successor Wilhelm.
He was married to the sister of Johannes Daniel Mylius .
His laboratory chymicum publicum at the Philipps University of Marburg was celebrated on July 10, 2015 by the GDCh with lectures and a memorial plaque as a " Historic Site of Chemistry ".
Works
- Iohannis Hartmanni, medicinae doctoris et quondam chymiatriae in Academia Marpurgensi professoris celeberrimi, principumque Hassiae archiatri Praxis chymiatrica . - Genevae: Chouet, 1639. Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf (first 1633)
- Opera Omnia Medico Chymico, 1664
literature
- Günther Kerstein : Hartmann (i), Johannes. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 744 ( digitized version ).
- Bruce T. Moran: Court Authority and Chemical Medicine: Moritz of Hessen, Johannes Hartmann and the origin of academic Chemiatria , Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Volume 63, 1989, pp. 225-246
- Wilhelm Ganzenmüller : The chemical laboratory of the University of Marburg in 1615. Angewandte Chemie 54 (17/18), pp. 215-217 (1941), ISSN 0044-8249 and under the same title, Medizinhistorisches Journal, Volume 2, 1967, pp. 68-77
- S. Salloch: The Hessian medical system under the Landgrave Wilhelm IV. And Moritz the scholar. Role and work of the princely personal physicians. Dissertation. Marburg 2006 ( PDF )
- W.-D. Müller-Jahncke and C. Friedrich: Johannes Hartmann. Iatrochemist in a European context. Pharmaceutical newspaper, 51./52. Edition 2009, from December 17, 2009, p. 74 ff
- Entry in Winfrid Pötsch, Annelore Fischer, Wolfgang Müller: Lexicon of important chemists , Harri Deutsch 1989
- Heiner Borggrefe: The alchemical laboratory Moritz des Schehrten in the Kassel Lusthaus , in Gerhard Menk (Hrsg.), Landgraf Moritz der Gelehre, Marburg 2000
- Society of German Chemists (Frankfurt / Main): Historic sites of chemistry: Johannes Hartmann and his Marburg “Laboratorium chymicum publicum” . Marburg, July 10, 2015. PDF, 1 MB
Web links
References and comments
- ^ Probably the De optica by Friedrich Riesner
- ↑ He received his doctorate in medicine in 1607 and was allowed to practice with it. He has been giving lectures on medicine since 1603 (Pötsch et al. Lexicon of important chemists)
- ↑ Acknowledgment of the “Laboratorium chymicum publicum” of the Philipps University of Marburg in memory of Johannes Hartmann as a historical site of chemistry , Uni Marburg Events, accessed July 14, 2015
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Hartmann, Johannes |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Hartmanni |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German mathematician, logician, chemist and doctor |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 15, 1568 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | On the mountain |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 12, 1631 |
| Place of death | kassel |