Johannes Lubahn

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Johannes Lubahn (born September 10, 1879 in Berlin , † 1969 in Hohenschwangau near Füssen ) fought against land speculation and for affordable housing.

Life

Lubahn was initially a post office worker, later an official of the Berlin magistrate. In January 1919 he was elected deputy chairman of the Free Democratic Fraction of the Greater Berlin Workers' Council.

From around 1902 he campaigned for the social goals of the civil service movement throughout his life. This included in particular the idea of ​​land reform, with the fight against land speculation and for the creation of affordable housing, especially for the lower civil service.

He influenced the enactment of imperial laws in these areas and is considered the founding father of the only German civil service building society BBS , of which he became chairman of the board in 1928.

For his 50th birthday in 1929, reprints of the monthly Heimstätte were published .

After 1945 he was accused by trade unions of his journalistic activities , which continued during the Nazi era , and some of his writings published after 1933 were removed from libraries in the Soviet occupation zone . But he was not deterred in his fight. As early as 1946 he was one of the founding members of the German Volksheimstättenwerk e. V. , along with Paul Löbe , Robert Görlinger , Benedikt Kreutz and Eugen Gerstenmaier, among others . V.

Numerous new writings and lectures followed, for example in 1959 before the Bundestag Committee on Housing. The problems with land speculation and housing shortages persist, although it has recently been said that his fight against it is no longer relevant. After 1945 he first lived in Bielefeld. Around 1950 he moved into his own home in Hohenschwangau near Füssen, for which the advisory board of BHW (as the successor to BBS) granted him a loan. In 1951 he acted briefly on his own initiative as an agent in a legal dispute between the BHW and its former advertising manager. In 1971 the access road to the new administration building of the BHW in Hameln was named after him.

His son Erich Lubahn initially studied economics with the aim of becoming his father's successor at the Bausparkasse and was also active in the same areas - partly with him. From 1948 he studied theology, but also received a doctorate in economics. In 1952 he became pastor of the Methodist Church.

Fight against land speculation

After Lubahn had heard a lecture by Adolf Damaschke in 1904 , he joined the Bund Deutscher Bodenreformer , initiated by the latter, and became his friend and energetic colleague. On behalf of the federal government, he organized civic and economic courses for thousands of participants, mainly from the civil service. This show e.g. B. his reports in the magazine Bodenreform published by Damaschke , (Deutsche Volksstimme. - Frei Land.) .

His suggestion to combat land speculation was to introduce a land rent tax in order to skim off the increases in land value that had come about without the use of labor and capital. As early as 1936, he submitted a draft law for this. However, because of an imposed price freeze, it was of no importance. In 1959 he gave an information lecture to the Bundestag Committee on Housing, Building and Land Law.

Fight for the homeland idea

Lubahn had advocated that young civil servants should receive cheap building money as early as 1902, but the road to get there was arduous. After the efforts of the "Action Committee of the German Trade Unions for the Reichsheimstättenamt", which he had initiated, to create this office had failed, on February 20, 1920 the civil servants' associations, which were merged in the German Association of Officials, founded the Heimstättenamt der Deutschen Beamtenschaft e. V. , of which he was director from 1920 to 1933 (?). It was intended to keep the homeland idea moving and to establish it in law. Advice and help were offered to those interested.

In addition, he worked out a civil servants settlement law, with which in particular the social hardship of civil servants ("the dismantled") who were dismissed in 1923 according to the law on the reduction of civil servants ( civil servants reduction law ) should be alleviated. The draft was approved by the Heimstättenamt and the affiliated trade unions, and at their request, the Official Settlement Ordinance was issued by the Reich government on February 11, 1924. This gave those affected public funds for building homes. But his aim was to help the other officials to find homes too. Because it became clear to him that it was impossible to get so much public money, building society savings appeared to him to be a suitable way to go. But he also saw that a civil service building society had to offer more for lasting success than the existing institutes. On the way there, civil servants first had to be permitted by law to take out loans at all, and then these had to be secured so well that they could be entered last in the mortgage form. To this end, he recognized the possibility of saving and repayment secured by salary assignment.

So there had to be a civil servants' home law as a counterpart to the Reich home law of May 10, 1920, RGBl. Page 962, the decree of which went back to an essential initiative of his friend Adolf Damaschke. On December 1, 1925, his proposal for this was presented to the public by all the top civil servants' unions.

On June 18, 1927, the Reich law on the assignment of civil servants' salaries for building homes (Beamtenheimstättengesetz) (RGBl. I. 1927, p. 133) was adopted. It formed the decisive basis for Lubahn's further work in this area. After the publication of the Implementing Ordinance of March 12, 1928 (RGBl. I. 1928, p. 61), at the instigation of the Reich Labor Ministry on March 14, 1928, he began work on establishing the “Beamtenbausparkasse, Heimstättengesellschaft der Deutschen Beamtenschaft mbH” (BBS ) in Berlin. The German Civil Service Association , the General German Civil Service Association and the German Civil Service Association became shareholders . He became chairman of the board of directors consisting of four managing directors. The other three board members were Ernst Remmers , Albert Falkenberg and Max Wagner. The latter is missing from a photo that has been published several times, without being mentioned.

The BBS was recognized as the only salary assignment office within the meaning of Section 2 of the Official Home Office Act on May 19, 1928 and worked on a non-profit basis. The Beamtenbausparkasse thus had a privilege that the other building societies tried to maintain for decades. In addition, there was a system of quasi voluntary employees in the authorities, so-called shop stewards, which made it possible to keep the number of employees in the advertising department relatively low. The Beamtenbausparkasse was thus able to keep the spread between credit and loan interest unrivaled low.

On November 10, 1933, the business shares of the founding shareholders were forcibly transferred to the newly established Reichsbund der Deutschen Officials in their place and the company was renamed the Official Home Office of the Reich Association of German Civil Servants, body for the implementation of the Beamtenheimstättengesetz, Bausparkasse G. mb H. (BHW). Probably the managing directors Remmers, Falkenberg and Wagner left. Whether this also applies to him, who was not associated with any of the founding shareholders, is not known, but due to his political past it can be assumed.

In 1945 the shareholder's property was confiscated in accordance with the Control Council Act No. 2 , Appendix 30, passed by the Allied Control Council on October 10, 1945 . In the Soviet zone , it was completely expropriated. But Lubahn had already reached retirement age in 1944. (Trustee for the western zones was Reinhard A. Bitter from 1947 until the handover to the new shareholders in 1951. )

However, he remained connected to the spiritual foundations of the company's establishment until the end of his life, as his numerous publications show. Around 1950 he was still in contact with the trustee, the new shareholders and the new management of the BHW.

Honors

The current headquarters of BHW Bausparkasse AG, BHW Holding AG and BHW Kreditservice GmbH are on Lubahnstrasse, which was named after Lubahn. (see BHW.de)

Fonts

Publications on land speculation

  • Land reform , foreword by Adolf Damaschke, Paul Verlag, Leipzig 1911 and 1920
  • Dismantling and land reform , Bund German land reformers, Berlin around 1923
  • Land reform , Verlag f. Art u. Science AO Paul, Leipzig 1925, 106. – 115. Thousand
  • Principles of Johannes Lubahn on a law on land rent tax , 1942
  • Municipal land reform and the land reformers , Deutsche Heimat-Verlag, Bielefeld 1945
  • Municipal land reform , Preparatory Committee for Dt. Volksheimstättenwerk, Bielefeld, Wertherstr. 259, 1946, (as Ms. dr.)
  • Community land reform; Law z. Obtaining cheap land and creating v. Volksheimstätten , Publishing Committee for the German Volksheimstättenwerk, Bielefeld 1946
  • Municipal land reform and the land reformers , Deutsches Volksheimstättenwerk, Bielefeld 1947, 15 pages
  • Municipal land reform: remarks and explanations, in particular on the "Law on the procurement of cheap land and the creation of people's homes" , Deutscher Heimatverl., Bielefeld 1947, 49 pp.
  • The Christian and the community land reform - home to the homeless , self-published in Schwangau near Füssen (Allgäu) 1949, 32 pp.
    • Self-published 1950, 32 pp.
  • Draft “Law on Land Assessment and the Tax on Land Rents ”, basics 1947 together with von Nell-Breuning, Ministerial Director Joachim Fischer-Dieskau , Cadastral Director Blattau, Privy Councilor Walter Pauly and Erich Lubahn. New version 1955 by Johannes Lubahn with the collaboration of Ministerialdirektor Knoll and Friedrich Lütge , magazine “Gemeinnütziges Wohnungswesen”, issue 6, June 1955.
  • Union and Land Reform , Union Monthly Bulletins, 7 1956
  • with Johannes Albers : No more land speculation, democracy! Quo vadis? , Statement of leading personalities in the state and church on the soil question , advisory board for questions of soil evaluation, publ. F. Social Sciences, Frankfurt / M. 1957
  • No more land speculation: Democracy !; Quo vadis? , Statement of leading personalities in state and church on the land question , Verlag f. Social Sciences, Frankfurt / M. 1957, 2nd edition, 32 pp.
  • The land policy legislation at the crossroads , publisher for social sciences, Frankfurt / M. 1959
  • Half or full measures against land speculation? , Memorandum on the proposal of the “Law on Soil Assessment and Basic Rents” in connection with the expert opinion of the scientific advisory board for questions of soil assessment, Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Frankfurt / Main, 1959, 15 p., OCLC number: 82021502
  • Community land reform , prerequisite for Volksheimstätten; with documentary report, publ. f. Social Sciences, Frankfurt / Main, 1962
  • Federal Housing Minister Paul Lücke promotes land speculation , self- rel Johannes Lubahn, Hohenschwangau 1963, 14 pp.
  • Democracy! Quo vadis? , Self-rel. Hohenschwangau 1963
    • Democracy! Quo vadis? , Self-rel. Johannes Lubahn, Hohenschwangau, 1964
  • Finally put an end to the land speculation , self-loss. Hohenschwangau 1964
  • Who is to blame for the land price gouging? , Self-published, Hohenschwangau 1964
  • Land law reform or communism , self-published, Hohenschwangau 1965
  • Against land price gouging; on the proposed law to prevent land speculation through land rent levy , Hohenschwangau 1965,
    • Augsburger Allgemeine November 19, 1965 and January 14, 1966
  • Deliverance from the shameful land speculation, justice! , Self-rel. Hohenschwangau 1967, 13, 4 pp.

Publications on the homeland idea

  • Union and Heimstätte , lecture given at the 1st German Officials Heimstättentag, Oct. 1920, published by Heimstättenamt d. German civil service, Berlin, (print: Maurer & Dimmick Berlin), 1920, 15 p., 11. – 20. Th., 21. – 30. Thousand
  • Land and money for homes; Resolutions of the permanent advisory council for homesteads at the Reich Ministry of Labor , Homestead Office of the German Civil Service, Berlin 1920, 16 pp.
  • Hans Luther ; Heinrich Erman with Johannes Lubahn; Adolf Damaschke: Land and homestead to the "dismantled" and officials , Berlin-Grunewald: Heimstättenamt d. . dt civil service in 1924, "Degraded": After officials Reduction Act of 1923 laid-off civil servants.
  • Fight for soil and homestead , homestead office of the German civil service e. V., Berlin around 1922
    • Berlin 1925
  • Land and homestead to the "dismantled" and officials , Heimstättenamt d. German civil service, Berlin-Grunewald, Eichkamp settlement, in Eichkamp 20a, 1924
  • Land for homesteads and gardens , Verlag Gebr. Mann, Berlin 1925
  • Work of the Heimstättenamt of the German civil service , Heimstättenamt d. German civil service, Berlin-Grunewald, Eichkamp settlement at Buchenweg 3, 1925
  • Explanatory notes on a civil servants' home law , Berlin 1926, 3 pp.
  • To the civil servants' home through the Beamtenbausparkasse , Berlin 1926, 3 pp.
  • Heimstätten-Bausparkasse für die Officials , Der Volksschullehrer, No. 37, 20th year, September 16, 1926, pp. 389, 390
  • Heimstätten-Bausparkasse für die Officials , Die Mittelschule, 40th year, No. 27, August 4, 1926, pp. 354,355
  • The Official Home Office Act , Die Mittelschule, 41st year, No. 24, June 29, 1927, p. 340
  • Signpost to the official homestead , Heimstättenamt d. German Civil service e. V., Berlin-Eichkamp 1927
  • To the civil servants' home through the civil servant building society , civil building society, Heimstättenges. d. German civil service, Berlin 1928
    • Berlin 1929
  • and Fritz Wenzel: Guide to the Official Home Office and Commentary on the Official Home Office Act, Verlag Gebr. Mann, Berlin 1928, OCLC number: 234363324.
    • 2nd edition, Berlin 1930. (With success figures on the work of the "Heimstättenamt der deutschen Beamtenschaft eV", which are embellished according to Martin L. Müller (sources)).
  • To the civil servants 'home through the civil servants' building society with the “home savings system” , Heimstättenamt d. German civil service, Berlin NW 87, Lessingstr. 11, 1930
  • Fight for soil and homestead , homestead office of the German civil service e. V., Berlin around 1930, 32 pp.
  • Creation of jobs for 250,000 unemployed people through the establishment of 100,000 small homes; Proposal , Müller, Potsdam 1932, 40 pages, (Home Office of the German Civil Service, Berlin NW 87, Lessingstr. 11)
  • Land procurement for dormitories and for public purposes , monograph 1935
  • with W. Christaller: Practical home work , Verlag Mann, Berlin approx. 1920
    • Home Office of the German Civil Service e. V., Berlin-Eichkamp 1922, p. 16
    • Berlin-Eichkamp 1923
  • Practical homework; with annex: 10 years Beamtenheimstättenwerk ... , Verlag Beamtenheimstättenwerk of the Reich Association of German Civil Servants, Berlin NW 1937, 122 pp.
    • R. Müller, Potsdam 1937, 121 pp.
    • R. Müller, Potsdam 1938, 155 pp.
    • 5th ed., R. Müller, Potsdam 1940, 151 p., With numerous. Illustration of house drafts and calculations, architectural drafts.
    • 6th edition, 1944
  • German administration for popular education in the Soviet zone of occupation, list of the literature to be sorted out, first supplement, Berlin: Zentralverlag, 1947, Lubahn, Johannes: Practical home work - Berlin: Beamtenheimstättenwerk d. Reichsbund d. German Officials 1937. Issues from 1937 prohibited.
  • Editor, Through the Official Home Office to Heimstätte , Official Home Office d. Reichsbund d. German Officials, Berlin NW 87, Lessingstr. 11, 1937, 19 pp.
    • Official home work d. Reichsbund d. German Officials, B.-Charlottenburg 9, Preußenallee 3 and 5, 1939, 19 p.
    • Extended and modified edition, Berlin 1940
  • with the assistance of Ernst Knoll: The importance of the home for the existence and for the future of the German people; Speeches , Official Home Office of the Reich Association of German Civil Servants, Berlin 1938
  • as publisher: Through the official homestead factory to Heimstätte , Reichsbund der Deutschen Officials, print: Müller / Potsdam June 1940, 24 pp.
  • Building land, rented apartment, homestead; the roots of our people with their soil , G. Fischer, Jena 1941, 68 pp.
  • Home workshop for workers and employees of public corporations; Memorandum , without publisher, Berlin 1942, 24 p., (As Ms. dr.)
  • The building floor problem; A vital question for our people. Appeal to the Christian. Kirchen , Hohenschwangau 1965, 2 pp.
  • with Fritz Wenzel: 50 years of BHW , Guide to Official Home Office No. 45, 1978, 23 pp.

Further publications

  • The thought of the times: open air, warrior homes , a collection of poems, miniature library 1251, Verlag für Kunst und Wissenschaft Albert Otto Paul, Leipzig 1914, 47 pp.
    • Leipzig 1914, 21.-30. Th., 44 p.
    • Issue 38, 1916, 47 pp.
    • 41st – 50th Th., 1919, 44 pp.
  • Krieger-Heimstätten , Miniature Library 1250, Verlag für Kunst und Wissenschaft Albert Otto Paul, Leipzig 1915, 36 pp.
    • Krieger-Heimstätten , Verl. F. Art u. Wissensch., Leipzig 1916, 45 pp., 90. – 100. Thousand
  • In the court , thoughtful stories for the German people, Neuland-Verlag, Hamburg 1917, 143 pp.

literature

  • Martin L. Müller: (Diss. Univers. Frankfurt a. M., 1997), Bausparen in Germany between inflation and currency reform 1924–1948 , CH Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung (Oscar Beck), Munich 1999, ISBN 3-406-45471- 2 , (specifically pages 106–115)
  • Herbert Kleinschmidt: History, ideas and socio-economic significance of the building society savings scheme , Verlag von Felix Meiner, Leipzig 1934, (special pages 60–68)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gerhard Engel, Ed .: Gross-Berliner Arbeiter- und Soldräte in der Revolution 1918/19 , Akademie-Verlag, 1997, p. 119 u. 466
  2. ↑ Die Heimstätte, monthly magazine for the Heimstättenwesen, organ of the Heimstättenamt der deutschen Beamtenschaft e. V., 6th year 1929, special print No. 6 and 7
  3. ^ German Administration for National Education in the Soviet Zone of Occupation, List of the Literature to be Separated , First Addendum, Berlin, Zentralverlag 1947
  4. ↑ a b Building land prices , DER SPIEGEL 29/1959 of July 15, 1959
  5. ↑ Files of the then trustee Reinhard A. Bitter of the British military government
  6. ^ Erich Lubahn: Gardens and Homesteads: Path and goal of the communal land reform , Verlag Deutsches Volksheimstättenwerk, Wiesbaden 1948
  7. ^ Lubahn, Erich: The urban basic rent: for the critique of building and land law , publishing house for social sciences, Frankfurt a. M. 1952, 91 pp.
  8. ^ Journal of land reform
  9. ↑ No. 7, 18th year, April 5, 1907, Lubahn, Johannes: Der Weg der Bodenreform , pp. 375–377, review of a book by his friend A. Damaschke on the subject.
  10. ↑ No. 10, 22nd year, May 20, 1911, Our 1st Summer Course , pp. 281–286
  11. ↑ No. 10, 23rd year, May 20, 1912, Our 2nd Summer Course , 283–290
  12. ↑ No. 17, 31st year, September 5, 1920 Ein Heimstätten-Kursus , pp. 218–220
  13. ↑ Capital gains tax
  14. ↑ Headquarters: Berlin-Grunewald, Eichkamp settlement, Im Eichkamp 20a
  15. ↑ Johannes Lubahn: Heimstätten-Bausparkasse für die Officials , Der Volksschullehrer, No. 37, 20th year, September 16, 1926, p.389; 390 and Die Mittelschule, 40th year, No. 27, August 4, 1926 , Pp. 354, 355
  16. ↑ Hans Luther , Heinrich Erman with the collaboration of Johannes Lubahn and Adolf Damaschke: Land und Heimstätte the "dismantled" and the officials , Heimstättenamt d. German civil service e. V., Berlin 1924
  17. ^ J. Lubahn: Das Beamtenheimstättengesetz , Die Mittelschule, 41st year No. 24, June 29, 1927, p. 340
  18. ^ Social order 56 (2003) 7-8, 16; ISSN  1432-9689
  19. ↑ Handelsblatt, 13./14.2003, No. 112, p. 23
personal data
SURNAME Lubahn, Johannes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German soil reformer
DATE OF BIRTH September 10, 1879
PLACE OF BIRTH Berlin
DATE OF DEATH 1969
Place of death Hohenschwangau near Füssen