Johannes Nobel

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Johannes Nobel (born June 25, 1887 in Forst (Lausitz) , † October 22, 1960 in Wehrda , now part of Marburg ) was a German Indologist and Buddhist scholar .

Life

After graduating from the Royal High School in Fulda , Nobel studied Indo-European , Arabic , Turkish and Sanskrit at the University of Greifswald from 1907 , and then from 1908 at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Berlin . In 1911 he received his doctorate under Hermann Lüders with an Indological thesis on contributions to the older history of Alamkãraśāstra and then embarked on a career as a librarian ; In 1915 he passed the library examination and found employment at the Royal Library in Berlin . During the First World War , Nobel belonged to the Landsturm and was temporarily employed by the Supreme Army Command as chief interpreter for Turkish.

In March 1920 Nobel moved to the Prussian State Library as a library councilor , completed his habilitation in the same year with a thesis on Indian poetics, and in 1921 received a license to teach Indian philology at Berlin University . At the same time he learned Chinese , Tibetan and Japanese and from then on devoted himself mainly to topics related to Buddhism.

In 1927 Nobel was appointed adjunct professor in Berlin. On April 1, 1928, he followed a call to the chair for Indology at the University of Marburg , which he held until his retirement in 1955. He was reluctant to face National Socialism , although in November 1933 he had signed the German professors' confession of Adolf Hitler . His successor at the Marburg chair was Wilhelm Rau ; Claus Vogel is one of Nobel's students in Marburg .

Of fundamental scientific importance to this day are Nobel's extensive studies and critical editions published between 1937 and 1958 on the Suvarṇaprabhāsasūtra ("Gold Shine Sūtra"), one of the most important texts of the Buddhist Mahāyāna Sūtras . Nobel also published for the first time the translation of Amaruśataka by Friedrich Rückert from 1825, which was retouched in German verse .

Nobel's estate (including his study book, his personal files and some unprinted manuscripts, including a corrected German version of his habilitation thesis) was found in his former institute in 2008.

Fonts (selection)

Text editions for the "Goldglanz Sūtra

  • Suvarṇabhāsottamasūtra. The Gold Shine Sūtra: a Sanskrit text of Mahāyāna Buddhism. Edited from the manuscripts and with the help of Tibetan and Chinese translations. Harrassowitz, Leipzig 1937.
  • Suvarnaprabhāsottamasūtra. The Gold Shine Sūtra: a Sanskrit text of Mahāyāna Buddhism. The Tibetan translation with a dictionary. Volume 1: Tibetan Translation , Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1944. Volume 2: Dictionary Tibetan-German-Sanskrit , Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1950.
  • Suvarnaprabhāsottamasūtra. The Gold Shine Sūtra: a Sanskrit text of Mahāyāna Buddhism. I-Tsing's Chinese version and its Tibetan translation . Volume 1: I-Tsing's Chinese version. Volume 2: The Tibetan Translation. Brill, Leiden 1958.

Monographs

  • Contributions to the older history of Alamkãraśāstra . Schade, Berlin 1911.
  • The Foundations of Indian Poetry and Their Historical Development. Calcutta 1925 (Calcutta Oriental Series, Volume 16).

Editorships

  • The hundred stanzas of Amaru, translated metrically from Sanskrit by Friedrich Rückert. After the manuscript of the Prussian State Library, ed. Lafaire, Hanover 1925.

literature

  • Jürgen Hanneder : Marburg Indology in transition. On the history of the subject 1845–1945. Kirchheim-Verlag, Munich 2010 (Indologica Marpurgensia, Volume 1), ISBN 978-3-87410-140-0 . (Chapter Nobel , pp. 60–69.)
  • Wilhelm Rau / Claus Vogel : Johannes Nobel (with list of publications). In: Claus Vogel (ed.): Jñānamuktāvalī. Commemoration volume in honor of Johannes Nobel. On the occasion of his 70th birthday offered by pupils and colleagues. International Academy of Indian Culture, New Delhi 1959 (Sarasvati-Vihara, Volume 38), pp. 1-16.
  • Claus Vogel :  Johannes Nobel. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , p. 301 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Wilhelm Rau. Johannes Nobel (1887–1960), Journal of the German Oriental Society 111 (1), 6–12 (1961)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jürgen Hanneder: Marburg Indology in transition. On the history of the subject 1845–1945. Kirchheim-Verlag, Munich 2010 (Indologica Marpurgensia, Volume 1), ISBN 978-3-87410-140-0 , p. 62 with note 122.
  2. ^ The work appeared in part in 1925 in English under the title The Foundations of Indian Poetry and Their Historical Development ; the German version remained unprinted. See Jürgen Hanneder: Marburger Indologie im Umbruch. On the history of the subject 1845–1945. Kirchheim-Verlag, Munich 2010 (Indologica Marpurgensia, Volume 1), ISBN 978-3-87410-140-0 , p. 62 with note 123.
  3. ^ The history of Marburg Indology and Tibetology on the website of the University of Marburg (accessed on September 22, 2010) ; more detailed Jürgen Hanneder: Marburg Indology in transition. On the history of the subject 1845–1945. Kirchheim-Verlag, Munich 2010 (Indologica Marpurgensia, Volume 1), ISBN 978-3-87410-140-0 , pp. 63-67.
  4. ↑ See the professors' commitment at the German universities and colleges to Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist state. Presented by the Nat.-soz. Teachers' Association Germany / Gau Sachsen, n.d. [1933], here p. 136 .
  5. ^ Dragomir Dimitrov: Nobel estate on the website of the University of Marburg (accessed on June 13, 2011) ; Jürgen Hanneder: Marburg Indology in transition. On the history of the subject 1845–1945. Kirchheim-Verlag, Munich 2010 (Indologica Marpurgensia, Volume 1), ISBN 978-3-87410-140-0 , p. 60.
  6. ↑ Johnston, EH (Oct. 1939). Review: Suvarṇabhāsottamasūtra by Johannes Nobel, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland 4, 663-664
  7. ↑ Rahder, J. (1947). Review: Suvarnaprābhasottamasūtra, the Gilded Sūtra: A Sanskrit Text of Mahāyāna Buddhism by Johannes Nobel, Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 10 (2), 224-227
  8. ↑ de Jong, JW (1952). Review: Suvarṇaprabhāsottamasūtra by Johannes Nobel, T'oung Pao (Second Series) 41 (1/3), 247-250

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Nobel, Johannes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Indologist and Buddhist scholar
DATE OF BIRTH June 25, 1887
PLACE OF BIRTH Forst (Lausitz)
DATE OF DEATH October 22, 1960
Place of death Wehrda