Johannes Teutonicus Zemeke

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Johannes Teutonicus Zemeke (also Zemeken , Semeca , Cemeca , Semeko ; * 11 ?? near Halberstadt ; † April 25, 1245 in Halberstadt) is the author of the "Glossa ordinaria" for the " Decretum Gratiani " and the gloss on the constitutions of the fourth Lateran Council .

Life

Johannes Teutonicus Zemeke probably comes from a middle-class background, which is why his dates of birth are not known. He studied Roman and Canon Law in Bologna with Azo . There he taught until 1220. He wrote his glossary apparatus for the “Decretum Gratiani” around 1215–1217. Like Accursius , he was able to rely largely on templates, especially the "Glossa Palatina" with glosses by Laurentius Hispanus . John's apparatus was soon recognized as the “Glossa ordinaria”, from around 1240 in the version revised by Bartholomäus Brixiensis , on which the later printed editions are based.

Before or at the same time as the “Glossa ordinaria” was drafted, John glossed the Constitutions of the Fourth Lateran Council . He also worked out an apparatus for Compilatio IV . Pope Innocent III rejected a license to practice medicine . from. Thereupon Johannes Teutonicus Zemeke ended his teaching activity in Bologna. From 1220 he stayed in Halberstadt again, in 1223 became provost of the Halberstädter Liebfrauenstift and in 1235 dean of the cathedral chapter . Six years later, in 1241, Johannes Teutonicus Zemeke became provost of the cathedral. At the same time he was repeatedly active as an arbitrator and as a papal delegate judge as well as the author of legal opinions .

In Domschatz Halberstadt a richly illustrated Missal (Inv 475) is obtained, Johannes Teutonicus Zemeke donated. He was probably also the donor of the St. Nicholas reliquary for the cathedral church around 1225. Carmassi also assumes that Johannes Teutonicus Zemeke had a number of liturgical books made that served as a complete set for the mass - probably on the main altar.

In the westernmost yoke of the southern ambulatory , connected to the choir screen , there is a grave monument for the provost Johannes Zemeke in Halberstadt Cathedral . The connection, age and function of the grave monument are unclear. The only thing that is certain is that the reclining figure and the tumba do not belong together. The prelate sculpture looks older than the tumba in terms of its overall appearance and its design, but its clothing points to the last third of the 15th century. The architectural and figurative decorations indicate that the tumba emerged in the second third of the 15th century.

A drawing of the Tumba by Hermann Heinrich Schäfer (1815–1873) from 1842 is in the Gleimhaus .

Grave monument for Johannes Teutonicus Zemeke in the westernmost yoke of the southern ambulatory

Historical accuracy

The life of Johannes Teutonicus Zemeke could only be recorded fragmentarily. After retiring from teaching in Bologna , a Johannes Zemeke appeared in Halberstadt. Due to similar seals in the legal opinions and the "Glossa ordinaria", the literature assumes the personal identity. The above data are based on the current literature.

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rudolf Weigand: The Development of the Glossa ordinaria to Gratian's Decretum . In: W. Hartmann, K. Pennington (eds.): The History of Medieval Canon Law in the Classical Period, 1140-1234: From Gratian to the Decretals of Pope Gregory IX. Catholic University of America Press, Washington DC 2008, ISBN 978-0-8132-1491-7 , pp. 55-97, 84.
  2. ↑ Image at MuseumDigital, accessed on September 12, 2019.
personal data
SURNAME Johannes Teutonicus Zemeke
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Johannes Zemeken; Johannes Semeca; Johannes Cemeca; Johannes Semeko
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Author of the "Glossa ordinaria" for the "Decretum Gratiani"
DATE OF BIRTH 12th Century
PLACE OF BIRTH near Halberstadt
DATE OF DEATH April 25, 1245
Place of death Halberstadt