Johannes de Crivellis

Johannes de Crivellis (* in the last third of the 14th century in Milan ; † July 28, 1432 in Rome ) was an Italian cleric who worked as a scriptor and Abbreviator at the Roman Curia and was also active as an author. Johannes came from a widespread noble family Crivelli, which was one of the most influential in Milan . Two popes emerged from her in the High Middle Ages: Urban III. and his nephew Cölestin IV. She also provided numerous prelates in the following years.

The tombstone made by Donatello in Santa Maria in Aracoeli in Rome

Johannes de Crivellis came under Boniface IX. (1389–1404) to the Roman Curia. He began as one of the four notaries of his uncle Branda di Castiglione , the later cardinal, who had been a judge at the Rota Romana since 1392 . Crivelli must have acquired the office of scriptor litterarum apostolicarum shortly afterwards , because 1407, in a document of Gregory XII. (1404–1417), he already confronts us as a calculator (computator). That was a trust that the college of clerks only entrusted to experienced colleagues. He (like his uncle) then followed (the Pope raised in Pisa) John XXIII. (1410–1415) to Constance for the council, because the next documents - again as a computer - come from there. Under Martin V (1417–1431) and Eugene IV (1431–1447), Crivelli was then continuously recorded as a clerk until his death. But more important than this prestigious and lucrative position was his position as Abbreviator, correctly named in the epitaph as second. We do not yet know when he was co-opted to the illustrious circle of abbreviatores de parco maiori to which he belonged in the last years of his life. Apparently he was finally appointed apostolic protonotary , a particularly honorable office. But this cannot have been completed in time before his death, otherwise this title would be in the epitaph. So we only have a draft of a letter in which another relative, the Rota judge Franciscus Crivelli, congratulates him.

Giovanni Crivelli was also active as a writer. The following have been handed down from him: a Compendium historiae Romanae , which he dedicated to Martin V in 1425. This world chronicle from Aeneas to the Roman-German King Sigismund has come down to us in five manuscripts, which are today in the Newberry Library , the Biblioteca Marciana , the Vatican Library , the Biblioteca del Seminario in Padua and the University Library in Olomouc . Crivelli's poems have also come down to us.

Crivelli was a cleric who, as was customary at the time, collected benefices for his upkeep , as high-ranking and lucrative as possible. Of these, the archdeaconate of Aquileja and the cathedral canonate of Milan are named as the highest in his epitaph . But at the time of his death on July 28, 1432, Crivelli also held a canon position in Aquileja, a canon position in Cividale , the sacristy position at the cathedral of Concordia and a parish in Artinea in the diocese of Aquileja . Certainly not all of them. We found out about the benefices mentioned, which became free due to his death, because applicants applied for them. They also cite the fact that Crivelli died at the Curia. This was in Rome in July 1432. He was buried in Santa Maria in Aracoeli , a mendicant order church of the Minorites popular with the curials . Donatello created his tomb .

The grave inscription reads (dissolved):

"Hic jacet venerabilis d (omi) nus Joh (ann) es de Crivellis de Mediolano, archidiaconus Aquilegen (sis) et c (anonicus) Mediolanen (sis) ac literar (um) Apostolicarum scriptor et abbreviator, qui obiit A (nno) D (omini) MCCCCXXXII die XXVIII julii pont (ificatus) s (anctissimi) d (omini) Eugenii p (a) p (e) iiii. A (nno) II. Cujus ani (m) a requiescat in pace. Amen. opus Donatelli florentini. "

literature

• Brigide Schwarz : Abbreviature officium est assistere vicecancellario in expeditione litterarum apostolicarum. On the development of the Abbreviatorenamt from the Great Schism to the establishment of the Vacabilist College of Abbreviators by Pius II. - In: Römische Kurie. Church finances. Vatican Archives. Studies in honor of Hermann Hoberg (= Miscellanea Pontificia 46), Rome 1979, pp. 789–823, especially in the appendix pp. 819f. No. 22 a biogram, where Antonioti is given as his patronymic .
• Paul Maria Baumgarten : Schedario Baumgarten IV. Riproduzione anastatica con introduzione, indici e indici generali a cura di Sergio Pagano . Città del Vaticano 1986, p. 578: Evidence of papal documents on which the direct involvement of Io. de Crivellis is occupied.

Remarks

1. ^ Anna Caso: I Crivelli. Una famiglia milanese fra politica, società ed economia nei secoli XII e XIII , Roma 1994 (Biblioteca della Nuova Rivista Storica / 38)
2. ↑ Brigide Schwarz, The organization of curial writers' colleges from their creation to the middle of the 15th century (= Library of the German Historical Institute in Rome 37), Tübingen 1972, pp. 33f., 99f., 107f., 113f., 146f., 156.
3. ↑ Thomas Frenz : Repertorium officialium Romanae Curiae ( Memento of the original from December 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Search for Crivellis in the browser) 
4. ^ Walter von Hofmann, Research on the History of the Curial Authorities from the Schism to the Reformation , Rome 1914 (= Library of the Royal Preuss. Historical Institute in Rome 12/13); Reprinted Torino 1971, I, pp. 58-67.
5. ^ Paul Oskar Kristeller , Iter Italicum. Accedunt alia itinera. A finding list of uncatalogued or incompletely cataloged humanistic manuscripts of the Renaissance in Italian and other libraries , Leiden 1963, I, p. 211b: Franc. Cribellus congratulatio ad Jo Cribellum… ad magnificorum senatorum numerum protonotariatusque apostolici meritam dignitatem nuper delectum . For Francesco Crivelli cf. Emmanuele Cerchiari, Capellani papae et apostolicae sedis auditores causarum sacri palatii apostolici, seu Sacra Romana Rota from orgine ad diem usque 20 Septembris 1870. Relatio historica-iuridica , 4 vols., Rome 1919-1921, Romae 1919, II, p. 50, n.277.
6. ^ Paul Saenger, A Catalog of the Pre-1500 Western Manuscript Books at the Newberry Library , Chicago 1989, pp. 180f .; also Kristeller V p. 245b.
7. ↑ Kristeller II, p. 213b
8. ↑ Vat. Lat. 5261, fol. 103-160: Kristeller, Iter VI, p. 322a.
9. ↑ Kristeller II, p. 10a
10. ↑ Kristeller III p. 161b.
11. ↑ Kristeller, Iter Italicum I p. 205b, II p. 568a.
12. ^ Repertory Germanicum. Directory of the persons, churches and places of the German Empire, its dioceses and territories from the beginning of the schism to the Reformation , vol. V: Eugen IV. (1431-1447) in the papal registers and camera files . 1st part: Hermann Diener and Brigide Schwarz: text in 3 volumes; 2nd part: Christoph Schöner: Indices in 3 volumes, Tübingen 2004; Enter [1] in the search mask «Johannes de Crivellis».
13. ^ Hermann Diener (†) and Brigide Schwarz, Das Itinerar Eugens IV. (1431-1447) , in: QFIAB 82 (2002) pp. 193-230, here p. 224.
14. ↑ Vincenzo Forcella: Iscrizioni delle chiese e d'altri edificii di Roma dal secolo XI fino ai giorni nostri , Roma 1869, I, p. 134, No. 490. Forcella reads cantor instead of canonicus .