Johannes von Wildeshausen

Johannes von Wildeshausen (also Johannes Teutonicus or Johannes Teutonikus ; * around 1180 in Wildeshausen near Oldenburg ; † November 4, 1252 in Strasbourg ) was master of the order of the Dominicans and promoted the unification of the Dominican liturgy and changes to the general chapters .

Life

Johannes was born around 1180 in Wildeshausen near Oldenburg. He probably came from the Oldenburg-Wildeshauser counts. He studied theology and jurisprudence in Paris and Bologna . Presumably he was accepted into the order by St. Dominic in Bologna at the latest in 1220 . Since 1224 Johannes Teutonicus accompanied the papal legate Konrad von Urach through Germany and in 1225 appeared as a crusade preacher on the planned train of Emperor Frederick II in southern Germany . He was the personal confessor and confidante of Pope Gregory IX. and often accompanied papal embassies. He mediated the conflict between the Stedinger and the Archbishop of Bremen in the Stedinger War .

From 1231 to 1233 he was provincial in Hungary and from 1233 to 1237 Bishop of Bosnia , where he was able to contain a heretic movement of the Patarenic sect with the promise of indulgences and privileges similar to those for crusaders . Then he went again as envoy of Gregory IX. to Iwan Assen II , in order to move him to an alliance against the Greek Orthodox Empire Nikaia , which ultimately failed. From 1238 to 1240 Johannes Teutonicus was Provincial of Lombardy . In the following year, 1241, he was elected master of the order in Paris ("Frater magister episcopus"). He was the third successor of St. Dominikus in this capacity. As a result, John Teutonicus preached in five languages ​​and maintained good relations with the Roman Curia .

He brought about two important changes to the constitutions (statutes) by the general chapters. The general chapters no longer take place alternately in Bologna and Paris, but also in other places; so in 1245 in Cologne , 1247 in Montpellier , 1249 in Trier and 1250 in London . Paris also lost its university monopoly. 1248 new general studies were established in Montpellier, Bologna, Cologne and Oxford .

The special importance of Johannes Teutonicus, however, lies in the area of ​​religious life. He not only unified the Dominican liturgy, but also gave the order's legislation a more solid structure. He encouraged preaching , missions, and study .

literature

• Paul-Gundolf Gieraths:  Johannes Teutonicus. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 10, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1974, ISBN 3-428-00191-5 , p. 571 ( digitized version ).
• Meinolf Lohrum:  Johannes Teutonicus. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 3, Bautz, Herzberg 1992, ISBN 3-88309-035-2 , Sp. 595-596.
• Johannes Teutonicus . In: Johann E. Stadler , Franz Joseph Heim, Johann N. Ginal (eds.): Complete Lexicon of Saints ... , Volume 3 ([I] K – L), B. Schmid'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (A. Manz ), Augsburg 1869, pp.  383-384 .
• Nedim Rabić: In the blind spot of history. Johannes von Wildeshausen as Bishop of Bosnia 1233 / 34–1237 . In: Sabine von Heusinger, Elias H. Füllenbach OP, Walter Senner OP, Klaus-Bernward Springer (eds.): The German Dominicans in the Middle Ages . De Gruyter, Berlin, Boston 2016, ISBN 978-3-11-048238-6 , pp. 53–69 , doi : 10.1515 / 9783110482386-008 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed April 18, 2019]).
• Dieter Rüdebusch: Johannes Teutonicus (Johannes von Wildeshausen). In: Hans Friedl u. a. (Ed.): Biographical manual for the history of the state of Oldenburg . Edited on behalf of the Oldenburg landscape. Isensee, Oldenburg 1992, ISBN 3-89442-135-5 , pp. 363-364 ( online ).

Web links

• Iohannes de Wildeshausen Teutonicus in the repertory "Historical Sources of the German Middle Ages"

predecessor	Office	successor
Raymond of Penyafort	Order general of the Dominicans 1241–1252	Humbert de Romans