John Farquhar Fulton

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John Farquhar Fulton

John Farquhar Fulton (born November 1, 1899 in Saint Paul , Minnesota , † May 29, 1960 ) was an American neurophysiologist and medical historian . Fulton described Adie-Critchley syndrome, also known as Fulton's syndrome , in his dissertation published in 1926 .

Life

Fulton was the son of Edith (Wheaton) Fulton and John Farquhar, a practicing physician who was instrumental in building the Medical School at the University of Minnesota . A street on the university campus was named after the father. The Fultons belonged to the same family as Robert Fulton , builder of the first serviceable steamers and the Nautilus submarine .

At the age of 16, John Farquhar Fulton left St. Paul High School and enrolled at the University of Minnesota in 1917. After his participation in the First World War, he went to Harvard University and moved in 1921 to the Magdalen College of Oxford University . In 1923 he graduated from Oxford with a BA in physiology . By 1925 he wrote an unusually extensive doctoral thesis of 700 pages with more than a thousand references, which was published in 1926 under the title Muscular contraction and the reflex control of movement . He then graduated from Harvard with the title magna cum laude . After a stopover at the neurosurgical ward of Harvey Cushing , he went back to Oxford. He then accepted a call from Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, as a Sterling Professor of Physiology. During the Second World War , Fulton was chairman of the subcommittee on decompression sickness . In 1951 he became a Sterling Professor in the newly established medical history department at Yale, fulfilling a long career dream from his student days.

Achievements and awards

In addition to his intensive work on medical history and physiological syndromes , Fulton, very popular with his students, was involved in the first clinical studies with penicillin in the United States. In 1934 he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and in 1949 to the American Philosophical Society . The first prefrontal lobotomy was carried out in 1935 by the Portuguese neurologist and later Nobel Prize winner for medicine Egas Moniz with the help of Fulton.

Fulton has received numerous honorary degrees and awards, including the Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) honorary, the fourth tier of the British Order of the British Empire . Oxford awarded him the Doctor of Letters (D. litt.) In 1957. In 1958, the History of Science Society (HSS) founded by George Sarton and Lawrence Joseph Henderson awarded him the George Sarton Medal , the highly prestigious prize for the history of science . In addition, Fulton was the first recipient of the Franz Groedel Medal, which was created in 1955 by the German Society for Cardiology in memory of Franz Maximilian Groedel .

Fonts (selection)

  • Muscular contraction and the reflex control of movement. Doctorate thesis. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1926.
  • Selected Reading in the History of Physiology. Edited by John Farquhar Fulton. Springfield, Illinois, Baltimore, Maryland, CC Thomas, 1930.
  • The Sign of Babinsky. A Study of the Evolution of Cortical Dominance in Primates . Charles C Thomas, Springfield Illinois, 1932
  • A Bibliography of the Honorable Robert Boyle, Fellow of the Royal Society. Oxford: University Press, 1932. 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961.
  • A bibliography of two Oxford physiologists; Richard Lower, 1631-1691; John Mayow, 1643-1679. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1935.
  • Physiology of the Nervous System . Textbook. 1938.
  • Harvey Cushing, a biography. Springfield, Illinois, CC Thomas, 1946.
  • The great medical bibliographers, a study in humanism. Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1951.
  • Selected reading in the history of physiology , comp. by John F. Fulton, completed by Leonard G. Wilson. Springfield, Illinois, Thomas [c 1966].

literature

  • Elizabeth H. Thomson: Early Manifestations of Bibliomania in Three Collectors: Harvey Cushing, Arnold Klebs, and John Fulton. In: The Journal of the Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia. Volume 10, July 1962, pp. 98-107, ISSN  0002-4708 . PMID 13920971 .
  • D. Denny-Brown: Obituary: John Farquhar Fulton 1899-1960. Transactions of the American Neurological Association, 1960: 262-263.
  • Thomas P. Gariepy: John Farquhar Fulton (1899-1960). In: Doctors, Nurses, and Medical Practitioners. A Bio-Bibliographical Sourcebook. Edited by Lois N. Magner. Greenwood Press. Westport, Conn. 1997.
  • Bibliography of John Farquhar Fulton. In: The Yale journal of biology and medicine. Volume 28, Numbers 3-4, 1955 Dec-1956 Feb, pp. 168-184, ISSN  0044-0086 . PMID 13291842 . PMC 2603417 (free full text).

Web links

Commons : John Farquhar Fulton  - Collection of Images, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Adie-Critchley syndrome ( syndrome des forced grasping and groping (en), préhension forcée (fr)) whonamedit.com
  2. ↑ a b c d John Farquhar Fulton, biography at whonamedit.com
  3. ^ Member History: John Farquhar Fulton. American Philosophical Society, accessed August 15, 2018 .
  4. ↑ Dominik Groß, Sabine Müller (ed.): Are the thoughts free? The Neurosciences in Past and Present , Human Discourse Series - Medical Challenges in Past and Present, Medizinisch Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft , Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-939069-24-9 , p. 151.
  5. ↑ Martin Schlepper: Franz Maximilian Groedel. ( Memento from July 6, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), German Society for Cardiology, April 1988.
personal data
SURNAME Fulton, John Farquhar
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American neurophysiologist and medical historian
DATE OF BIRTH November 1, 1899
PLACE OF BIRTH Saint Paul, Minnesota , USA
DATE OF DEATH May 29, 1960