John Hopfield

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John Joseph Hopfield (born July 15, 1933 in Chicago ) is an American physicist , molecular biologist and neuroscientist. He is best known for his invention of an associative neural network ( Hopfield network ) in 1982.

Life

Hopfield is the son of a couple of physicists, the father has Polish origins. He studied at Swarthmore College (bachelor's degree 1954) and received his doctorate in 1958 from Cornell University under Albert Overhauser with the thesis A Quantum-Mechanical Theory of the Contribution of Excitons to the Complex Dielectric Constant of Crystals . He was then until 1960 at Bell Laboratories , 1960/1 researcher at the École normal supérieure , from 1961 Assistant Professor at the University of California, Berkeley and from 1964 Professor of Physics at Princeton University . From 1980 to 1997 he was professor of chemistry and biology at Caltech and from 1997 again ( Howard A. Prior -) professor at Princeton, this time for molecular biology. He was also a member of Bell Laboratories from 1973 to 1989.

From 1962 to 1964 he was a Sloan Research Fellow and in 1969 as a Guggenheim Fellow at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge . From 1983 to 1988 he was a MacArthur Fellow . In 1969 he became a Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS) and received the Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize and in 1985 the APS Biophysics Prize. In 1988 he received the Michelson-Morley Award from Case Western Reserve University and in 1991 he was named California Scientist of the Year by the California Museum of Science and Industry. For his work on neural networks he also received the Neural Network Pioneer Award of the IEEE in 1997 and the International Neural Network Society Helmholtz Award in 1999. In 2001 he received the Dirac Medal from the International Center for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) in Trieste . Hopfield is a member of the National Academy of Sciences , the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society . In 2006 he was President of the American Physical Society. In 2005 he received the Albert Einstein World Award of Science . For 2019 he was awarded the Benjamin Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute) .

Hopfield occupied a. a. with solid state physics (theory of excitons and polaritons ), electron transfer in biological macromolecules, error correction in molecular biology and with the physics of neural networks and emergent collective calculations in such networks.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ John Hopfield in the Mathematics Genealogy Project (English)Template: MathGenealogyProject / Maintenance / id used
  2. ↑ The Contribution of excitons to the Complex Dielectric Constant of Crystals , Physical Review Vol. 112, 1958, p 1555
  3. ↑ Electron transfer between biological molecules by thermally activated tunneling , Proceedings National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 71, 1974, p. 3640
  4. ↑ Kinetic Proofreading: a New Mechanism for Reducing Errors in Biosynthetic Processes Requiring High Specificity , Proceedings National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 71, 1974, p. 4135
  5. ^ Neural networks and physical systems with emergent collective computational abilities , Proceedings National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 79, 1982, p. 2554, with DW Tank, Neural computation of decisions in optimization problems , Biological Cybernetics, Vol. 52, 1985, p 141
personal data
SURNAME Hopfield, John
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hopfield, John Joseph (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American physicist and biologist
DATE OF BIRTH July 15, 1933
PLACE OF BIRTH Chicago