Joseph Hackin

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Joseph Hackin (1932), portrayed by Alexander Jakowlew
Signature of Joseph Hackin, 1934

Joseph Gaspard Hackin (born November 8, 1886 in Boevange sur Attert , Luxembourg ; † February 24, 1941 in the Faroe Islands ) was a Luxembourg-French Orient archaeologist . He was director of the Musée Guimet in Paris and undertook excavations in Afghanistan . During the Second World War he was a member of the Free French Armed Forces (FFL) in the environment of General de Gaulle .

Life before World War II

Joseph Hackin, son of a coachman, studied in Paris at the École libre des sciences politiques (diploma 1907) and the École pratique des hautes études (diploma 1913). In 1912 he received French citizenship . In 1914 he was drafted as a simple soldier and rose to lieutenant and company commander until the end of the war . He was wounded three times and received the croix de guerre with two citations.

In 1907 he became secretary of the industrialist, founder and collector of oriental art Émile Guimet at his museum for oriental art, the Musée Guimet in Paris. In 1913 he became the museum's curator, and in 1923 its director.

In 1916 Hackin received his doctorate at the University of Paris and then taught at the École du Louvre , from 1929 as a professor. He met the student Marie ("Ria") Parmentier (* 1905) know; the couple married in September 1928. From 1923 he undertook archaeological investigations in Afghanistan at the invitation of Alfred Foucher as part of the Délégation archéologique française en Afghanistan, with mostly trial excavations being carried out.

From 1930 to 1933 Hackin headed the Maison franco-japonaise in Tokyo . During this time he took part as an archaeologist in the Croisière Jaune ("Yellow Cruise" or "Yellow Expedition"), the extremely complex Asia expedition of the automobile manufacturer Citroën over 13,000 kilometers, equipped with half-track vehicles of the Citroën C4 Autochenilles type.

In 1934 Hackin became head of the Délégation archéologique française en Afghanistan. Together with his wife, he carried out research in Bamiyan , the site of the famous Buddha statues , and in Anbam , north of Kabul , probably the site of Kapisa in the Central Asian-North Indian Kushan empire . The two Hackins were supported by the architect Jean Carl.

During the excavations of 1937 in Gream, Marie Hackin discovered two walled up cellar rooms (Chantier 2, Chambers 10 and 13) that contained the treasure found by Begam . It mainly consists of Roman glass vessels of the highest quality from the 1st century AD, Hellenistic plaster casts, as well as ivory panels with Indian motifs, etc. a. of river gods, probably from the 3rd century. His successor as head of the delegation was Daniel Schlumberger .

Member of the French Free Forces and Death

At the beginning of the war, Joseph Hackin was reactivated first in the rank of captain , then a commandant (staff officer in the major rank) in the French embassy in Kabul and assigned as a liaison officer to the Mediterranean operational area (General Weygand). He turned down an offer from Marshal Pétain to join the diplomatic service of Vichy-France and to take over the management of the legation in Afghanistan. On July 6, 1940, he telegraphed General de Gaulle and joined the Free French Armed Forces (FFL) . He followed the famous de Gaulle appeal of June 18, 1940 and the recognition of the general as leader of the "Free France" ("France Libre") by Winston Churchill on June 28, 1940. Together with his wife, he met over Bombay and the By sea in October 1940 in London. At the headquarters of General de Gaulle and the FFL in Carlton Gardens No. 4, he was entrusted with the task of coordinating the various committees of France Libre worldwide and giving them information and directives. On December 14, 1940, he spoke on the BBC to encourage the French to resist. His wife Marie joined the Corps des Voluntaires Françaises with the rank of Sous-Lieutenant.

In early February 1941 de Gaulle commissioned Joseph Hackin to represent the interests of Free France as envoy to the British viceroy in India . Hackin's diplomatic area of ​​responsibility is likely to have been French Indochina from India . The territory of Laos , Cambodia and Vietnam , which Hackin was familiar with, retained a Vichy-loyal colonial administration under Japanese rule until the end of the war.

Joseph Hackin and his wife embarked on February 21, 1941 in Liverpool on board the British cargo steamer Jonathan Holt , destined for West Africa, in order to go to India. The ship was in a convoy that was attacked by German submarines. The Jonathan Holt sank by a torpedo from U 97 and the Hackin couple lost their lives.

Honors

In 1923 Joseph Hackin became a Knight of the Legion of Honor , in 1930 he became an officer of the Legion of Honor.

In 1939 he became a corresponding member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres .

Joseph and Marie Hackin were posthumously awarded the Ordre de la Liberation created by General de Gaulle , which was awarded to only 1,038 people, including six women. These people are called “Compagnons de la Liberation”. The “Compagnons de la Liberation” are listed by name in the Museum of the Order, the Musée de'l Ordre de la Liberation in the Hôtel des Invalides in Paris.

In 1961, a street in the 16th arrondissement of Paris was named Rue Joseph-et-Marie-Hackin . In the Luxembourg district of Kirchberg , a street is named after Joseph Hackin.

In 1986 the Musée Guimet organized the Paris - Tokyo - Begam exhibition . Hommage à Joseph Hackin (1886–1941) on the occasion of the 100th birthday of his former director. In 1987 the Musée d'Histoire et d'Art in Luxembourg organized a memorial exhibition for the couple under the title Joseph et Ria Hackin. Couple d'origine luxembourgeoise au service des arts asiatiques et de la France .

Publications (selection)

See Arion Rosu: L'oeuvre de Joseph Hackin. Bibliography.

  • L'Art tibétain, collection de MJ Bacot exposée au Musée Guimet . P. Geuthner, Paris 1911.
  • Les scènes figurées de la vie de Bouddha d'après des peintures tibétaines . Paris 1916 (dissertation).
  • Formulaire sanscrit-tibétain du Xe siècle . Librairie orientaliste Paul Geutner, Paris 1924.
  • La sculpture indienne et tibétaine au Musée Guimet . Librairie Ernest Leroux, Paris 1931.
  • with André Godard, Yedda Godard: Les antiquités bouddhiques de Bāmiyān (= Mémoires de la Délégation archéologique française en Afghanistan , Volume 2). Van Oest, Paris 1928.
  • L'œuvre de la Délégation archéologique française en Afghanistan (1922–1932) Vol. 1: Archéologie bouddhique . Maison franco-japonaise, Tokyo 1933.
  • Nouvelles recherches archéologiques à Bāmiyān Vol. 1, avec la collaboration de Jean Carl (= Mémoires de la Délégation archéologique française en Afghanistan Vol. 3). Van Oest, Paris 1933.
  • with Ria Hackin: Le site archéologiques de Bamyan. Guide you visiteur . Les édition d'art et d'histoire, Paris 1934.
    • German: Joseph and Ria Hackin: Bamian. Guide to the Buddhist cave monasteries and colossal statues. Les édition d'art et d'histoire, Paris 1939.
  • Recherches archéologiques au col de Khair Khaneh, près de Kābul , avec la collaboration de Jean Carl (= Mémoires de la Délégation archéologique française en Afghanistan vol. 7). Éditions d'art et d'histoire, Paris 1936.
  • Recherches archéologiques à gram: chantier n ° 2 (1937) , avec la collaboration de Marie Hackin (= Mémoires de la Délégation archéologique française en Afghanistan vol. 9). Les Éditions d'art et d'histoire, Paris 1939.
  • Nouvelles recherches archéologiques à Anbam, ancienne Kâpici, 1939–1940 , avec la collaboration de Marie Hackin, Jean Carl and Pierre Hamelin; études comparatives par Jeannine Auboyer, V. Elisséeff, et al. (avant-propos par Alfred Foucher, René Grousset, Philippe Stern) (= Mémoires de la Délégation archéologique française en Afghanistan vol. 11). Presses universitaires, Paris 1954.
  • Diverses archéologiques in Afghanistan 1933–1940 , avec la collaboration de Jean Carl et J. Meunié; avec des études de Roman Ghirshman et Jean-Claude Gardin, avant-propos par Philippe Stern (= Mémoires de la Délégation archéologique française en Afghanistan, vol. 8). Presses universitaires de France, Paris 1959.

literature

  • Adolphe Lods : Éloge funèbre de M. Joseph Hackin, correspondant de l'Académie . In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres 1944, pp. 406-412 ( digital ).
  • Robert Fazy : Joseph Hackin . In: Communications of the Swiss Society of Friends of East Asian Art 8, 1946, pp. 101-102 ( digital ).
  • Paris - Tokyo - Shame. Homage to Joseph Hackin (1886–1941) . Ed. Recherche sur les Civilizations, Paris 1986, ISBN 2-86538-163-3 .
  • Joseph and Ria Hackin. Couple d'origine luxembourgeoise au service des arts asiatiques et de la France. Exposition organisée dans le cadre de l'Accord culturel franco-luxembourgeois est réalisée avec le concours du Musée Guimet, Paris. Musée d'Histoire et d'Art Musées d'État - Luxembourg. Exposition du 11 novembre 1987 au 3 janvier 1988, Luxembourg. Musée d'Histoire et d'Art, Luxembourg 1987.
  • Françoise Olivier-Utard: Politique et archeologie . Histoire de la Délégation archéologique française en Afghanistan, 1922–1982 . De Boccard, Paris 1997; 2nd edition Ed. Recherche sur les Civilizations, Paris 2003.
  • Joseph Hackin . In: Vladimir Trouplin: Dictionnaire des Compagnons de la Liberation . Bordeaux, Elytis 2010, ISBN 978-2-35639-033-2 ( digital ).
  • Annick Fenet: Documents d'archéologie militante. La mission Foucher en Afghanistan (1922-1925) (= Mémoires de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres vol. 42). Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, Paris 2010, ISBN 978-2-87754-240-1 , p. 669 (index sv).

Web links

Commons : Joseph Hackin  - Collection of Images

Remarks

  1. ↑ Georges Le Fèvre: La Croisière jaune: Expédition Citroën Center-Asie , Paris 2020, p. 332. Available here.
  2. ↑ See Michael Menninger: Investigations into the glasses and plaster casts from the find of Begam / Afghanistan. Ergon Verlag, Würzburg 1996, ISBN 978-3-928034-96-8 .
  3. ↑ Joseph Hackin. In: Musée de'l Ordre de la Liberation. (online) , accessed December 17, 2015.
  4. ^ Online: Marie Hackin ; Joseph Hackin . Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  5. ^ Arion Rosu: L'oeuvre de Joseph Hackin. Bibliography. In: Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient (= Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient. Volume 55). 1969, pp. 233-244. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Fbefeo_0336-1519_1969_num_55_1_4863~GB%3D~IA%3D~MDZ%3D%0A~SZ%3D~ double-sided%3D~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D )
personal data
SURNAME Hackin, Joseph
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hackin, Joseph Gaspard (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French oriental archaeologist, museum director and member of the Forces françaises libres
DATE OF BIRTH November 8, 1886
PLACE OF BIRTH Boevange sur Attert , Luxembourg
DATE OF DEATH February 24, 1941
Place of death at the Faroe Islands