Joseph Nye

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Joseph Nye

Joseph Samuel Nye Jr. (born January 19, 1937 in South Orange , New Jersey ) is an American political scientist , politician and publicist .

Life

Joseph Nye concluded 1958 his bachelor -Studies at Princeton University from. After completing his first bachelor's degree, he studied philosophy, political science and economics at the University of Oxford on a Rhodes scholarship . He then did his doctorate as Dr. phil. in Politics and Economics from Harvard University . In 1964, Nye joined the Harvard Faculty. He also taught in Geneva , where he was visiting professor at the Institut Universitaire des Hautes Etudes Internationales in 1968 , and in 1973 at the School of International Affairs at Carleton University in Ottawa . In 1974 he was a visiting fellow at the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London . In addition to his work in college and universities, he worked in various government departments. Among other things, Nye worked in the US State Department. In 1993 and 1994 he was also chairman of the National Intelligence Council , which coordinates and delivers news and analysis from home and abroad for the US President and the American government. From 1994 to 1995 Nye was finally Deputy Secretary of Defense ( Assistant Secretary of Defense ). In 1995, Nye became dean of Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government , where he was director of the Center for Science and International Affairs from 1985 to 1993. During this time he received the Clarence – Dillon Professorship at the Kennedy School in 1989. He is Chairman of the Trilateral Commission for North America.

In addition, Joseph Nye is a member and supporter of numerous institutions. Nye is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , the Academy of Diplomacy , the Executive Committee of the Trilateral Commission, and the advisory committee of the Institute of International Economics . He is the US representative of the Advisory Committee on Disarmament Affairs of the United Nations . Joseph Nye is a senior member of the Aspen Institute and a director of the Aspen Strategy Group . As a member of the Aspen Institute , he takes care of relations between the US and other countries, especially Europe. Nye is also Director of the Institute for East – West Security Studies and Director of the International Institute for Strategic Studies . He served as the administrator of Wells College and Radcliff College . In 2005 he received an honorary doctorate from the University of St. Gallen . 2010 awarded him the Keio University , the honorary doctorate . Secretary of State Hillary Clinton wanted to send him as ambassador to Japan, but the White House chose another man.

He is married and has three grown sons. He lives in North Sandwich, New Hampshire .

Research priorities and works

Joseph Nye, who actually never aspired to an academic career, says regarding his main research areas: “It sounds like a lot of wandering around. I think there's a thread there but perhaps the only thread is my own intellectual curiosity. ”This quote reflects the complexity of his interests in detail. In general, however, it can be said that his research always deals with problems of state and power in connection with international dependencies and globalization.

Among his numerous publications, the following books are among the most important:

1. Bound To Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power (1990)

In his book he opposes the then widespread opinion of the so-called “Declinists”, who predicted the imminent end of America as a world power. He points out that adherence to traditional theories about the rise and fall of empires could lead America to the wrong government strategy in modern politics. For him, the question of how power is changing in modern international politics is in the foreground. If America fails in its role as the ruling world power, it will have fatal consequences, not only for the USA. Joseph nye jr. in this book mentions for the first time his concept of " soft power ", the third power, alongside economic and military ones, in which America is the strongest nation.

2. The Paradox of American Power (2003)

After the fall of the Soviet Union, America remains at the forefront of world power with no apparent challenger. America is booming and falling into isolation from the rest of the world. What matters are national interests. Until September 11, 2001, many Americans were of the opinion that their country, as the strongest world power, did not need to show consideration for other nations. Joseph nye jr. describes this terrorist attack as a "terrible symptom of profound changes in the world". He makes it clear that due to globalization and technical progress in the areas of communication and information processing, new international topics are on the agenda that can no longer be solved alone. In his eyes, America is no longer just forced to lead, but to cooperate. He argues that the USA must succeed in uniting national interests with international interests in order to ensure the continued existence of its power. In the opinion of Joseph Nye Jr. America must find a balance between "hard power" (military and economic) and "soft power" (culture and values, institutions and policy), and to distance itself from the traditional policy based on unipolarity , hegemony and sovereignty founded to his To maintain its position as a world power.

3. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics (2004)

In “Soft Power” Joseph Nye jr. revisits his concept of "soft power". He defines "soft power" as the possibility of making people and nations "compliant" through cultural and political attractiveness. In his book he pleads for more multilateralism in foreign policy. In his opinion, it is the system of "soft power" that prevents terrorism from gaining support, and it is "soft power" that helps cope with global demands between nations. Bringing this system closer to society and applying it in foreign policy is the purpose of this book, according to Joseph Nye.

In January 2020 his new book "Do Morals Matter? Presidents and Foreign Policy from FDR to Trump" was published in Oxford University Press . In the book, Joseph Nye develops a kind of three-dimensional "ethical scorecard" and then evaluates the foreign policy of all American presidents from Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933–1945). The three evaluation criteria include the motives and intentions, then the means that have been used in the foreign policy of the respective president, and the consequences.

Publications

  • Pan-Africanism and East African integration. Cambridge 1965.
  • Relations, Transnational, and world politics. 1972.
  • with Robert O. Keohane : Power and Interdependence. World Politics in Transition. Boston 1977, ISBN 0-8191-6394-5 .
  • with Graham T. Allison & Albert Carnesale: Fateful visions. Avoiding Nuclear Catastrophe. Cambridge 1988, ISBN 0-88730-272-6 .
  • Making, The, of America's Soviet policy. 1984.
  • Nuclear Ethics. New York 1986, ISBN 0-02-923091-8 .
  • Bound to lead. The changing nature of American power. New York 1990, ISBN 0-465-00743-0 .
  • with Kurt Biedenkopf & Motoo Shiina: Global Competition After the Cold War: A Reassessment of Trilateralism. New York 1991.
    • in German: Global cooperation after the end of the Cold War. A reassessment of trilateralism; a task force report to the Trilateral Commission. Bonn 1992, ISBN 3-7713-0417-2 .
  • Why people trust government. Cambridge 1997, ISBN 0-674-94057-1 .
  • Governance in a globalizing world. Washington 2000, ISBN 0-8157-6408-1 .
  • Understanding international conflicts. An introduction to theory and history. New York 2002 (5th ed.), ISBN 0-321-20945-1 .
  • The paradox of American power. Why the world's only superpower can't go it alone. New York 2002, ISBN 0-19-515088-0 .
    • in German: The Paradox of American Power. Why the world's only superpower needs allies. Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-434-50552-0 .
  • Joseph S. Nye: Soft power. The means to success in world politics. New York 2004, ISBN 1-58648-306-4 .
  • The Power Game: A Washington Novel , 2004, ISBN 978-1-58648-226-8 .
  • The future of power . Public Affairs, 2011, ISBN 978-1-58648-891-8 (hardcover).
    • in German: Power in the 21st Century. Political Strategies for a New Age . Siedler Verlag, Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-88680-983-7 .
  • Do Morals Metter? Presidents and Foreign Policy from FDR to Trump. Oxford University Press. 2020, ISBN 978-0-19-093596-2 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ trilateral.org: "About the Trilateral Commission - North American Region"
  2. ↑ Der Spiegel 34/2009, p. 92.
  3. ↑ Der Spiegel 34/2009, p. 92.
  4. ↑ http://www.zeit.de/2011/33/L-Nye (accessed on August 22, 2011)
  5. ↑ Do Morals Matter? Presidents and Foreign Policy from FDR to Trump. Retrieved June 8, 2020 .
personal data
SURNAME Nye, Joseph
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Nye, Joseph Samuel junior (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American political scientist, politician and publicist
DATE OF BIRTH January 19, 1937
PLACE OF BIRTH South Orange , New Jersey