Joshua Maaler

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Joshua Maaler (1529-1599)

Josua Maaler or painter , latinized Josua Pictorius (born June 15, 1529 in Zurich , † June 5, 1599 in Glattfelden ), was a Swiss pastor and lexicographer . He is the author of the first dictionary to focus on the German language .

Life

Josua Maaler was born in Zurich in 1529. His father, Balthasar Maaler, was a bookbinder from Villingen in the Black Forest , who had settled in Zurich in 1524; his mother, Küngolt von Grafeneck, was abbess of Königsfelden before the Reformation . Joshua Maaler studied in Zurich, Lausanne and Oxford theology . He was elected pastor in Witikon on March 4, 1552 ; in 1553 he moved on to Elgg , where he wrote his dictionary Die Teütsch Spraach , and in 1571 he became a pastor in Bischofszell . In 1582 Maaler took up a pastor's post in the city of Winterthur ; Here he was committed to the renewal of the school system, especially the girls' school. In 1598 he moved to Glattfelden, where he died in 1599.

plant

Maaler's dictionary Die Teütsch spraach, printed in Zurich in 1561, is the first large German dictionary that is consistently lemmatized from the German language. Admittedly, with Petrus Dasypodius ' Dictionarium Latinogermanicum from 1536 and Johannes Fries ' Novum Dictionariolum puerorum Latinogermanicum from 1556 dictionaries with a German-Latin part existed; Maaler's work, however, with its 1,071 pages was considerably larger than the two mentioned ones and was the first large dictionary to focus on the German, not Latin, language; the part of the title dergleychen bishär never sowed thus refers to these two facts. Unlike Fries, who deliberately included both regional Swiss and non-Swiss common languages, Maaler developed a dictionary for the Upper German or Swiss-speaking area, which is also reflected in the Latin title ( Linguæ Teutonicæ, superioris praesertim, thesaurus «vocabulary of the German tongue, especially the Oberdeutschen ”) and in the introduction ( Germaniæ linguæ dictiones, à superioribus Germanis et Heluetijs usurpatæ “ the expressions of the German language as they are used by the Upper Germans and the Swiss ”).

The Teütsch language essentially represents a rearrangement of the original of the Latin-German dictionary Dictionarium Latino-Germanicum by Johannes Fries, who in turn processed the Latin-French Dictionarium seu Linguae Latinae Thesaurus by Robert Estienne . In addition, influences from Conrad Gessner's word collections can be proven. The background for the creation of the dictionary was the humanistic idea to honor the native language. Maaler's Die Teütsch spraach is an important historical testimony to this. However, the work seems to have meant little to the author himself; he does not mention it in his autobiography, and the preface shows that he did it primarily at the urging of Christoph Froschauer , Conrad Gessner and Johannes Fries.

There are neither new editions nor reprints of Maaler's Teütscher spraach . It remains to be seen whether this is because the dictionary was too dependent on Fries and Estienne, or linguistically too limited to Switzerland. What is certain, however, is its influence on later German as well as on contemporary Dutch lexicography. It was evaluated by German lexicographers in particular by Kaspar Stieler , to a lesser extent by Johann Leonhard Frisch and probably also by Justus Georg Schottel ; in the Netherlands it was used by Cornelius Kiliaan . Most importantly, Maaler's dictionary was the direct model and the most important source for the first important Dutch dictionary, the trilingual Thesaurus Theutonicae linguae from 1573.

Publications

  • The Teütsch spoke. All words, names and types to speak in Hochteütscher language, ordered according to the ABC and with good Latin really diligently and actually interpreted, the gleychen bithär never sowed / Dictionarium germanicolatinum novum. Hoc est, Linguae Teutonicae, superioris praesertim, thesaurus / by Josua Maaler, Burger zuo Zürich = a Iosua Pictorio Tigurino confectus & in lucem nunc primum editus. With preface by Conrad Gessner. Christophorus Froschouerus, Tiguri 1561. Reprint: Olms, Hildesheim 1971. doi : 10.3931 / e-rara-9034 .
  • Heinrich Bruppacher : Josua painter, autobiography of a Zurich pastor from the second half of the 16th century. In: Zürcher Taschenbuch 1885, pp. 123-214 and 1886, pp. 125-203 (partial edition of a description of the trip to Oxford and the autobiography).

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gilbert de Smet (see “Literature”), pp. X * –XV *.
  2. ^ Klaus Grubmüller: The German lexicography from the beginnings to the beginning of the 17th century. In: F. J. Hausmann u. a .: dictionaries. Berlin, New York 1990, pp. 2037-2049, ISBN 3-11-012420-3 , p. 2045.
  3. ↑ Wilfried Kettler (see “Literature”), p. 625.
  4. ↑ Gilbert de Smet (see "Literature"), p. XXIV * f.
personal data
SURNAME Maaler, Joshua
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Painter; Mahler; Pictorius
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Swiss pastor and lexicographer
DATE OF BIRTH June 15, 1529
PLACE OF BIRTH Zurich
DATE OF DEATH June 5, 1599
Place of death Glattfelden