Justus Georg Schottelius

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Justus Georg Schottelius

Justus Georg Schottel ( Latinized Justus-Georgius Schottelius; born June 23, 1612 in Einbeck , † October 25, 1676 in Wolfenbüttel ) was a German poet and language scholar of the Baroque period .

Life

Extensive work Von der Teutschen Haubt-Sprache, 1663

Justus Georg was the son of the Lutheran pastor Johannes Schottelius in Einbeck and his wife Margaretha, a daughter of the businessman Hans Ilse. From 1618 he attended the council school in Einbeck . After his father's death in 1626, he began an apprenticeship as a craftsman or shopkeeper, which he broke off after a short time.

At the age of 17, he was already earning his own living through tutoring and writing so that he could attend the Andreanum grammar school in Hildesheim . In 1628 he enrolled at the University of Helmstedt . From 1631 to 1633 Schottelius studied at the Academic Gymnasium in Hamburg , which was headed by Joachim Jungius .

Schottelius then moved to the University of Groningen for two years in 1633 . On May 11, 1635, he enrolled at the University of Leiden , where he studied with Professors Daniel Heinsius and Petrus Cunaeus . The following year Schottelius returned to Einbeck and enrolled at the University of Wittenberg on October 11, 1636 . From there he fled from the Swedish troops in 1638.

In Braunschweig in 1638 he hired himself as a private tutor for the von Hahn family. At Easter 1638, Schottelius was appointed Preceptor of Prince Anton Ulrich von Braunschweig-Lüneburg . Other students were his older half-sisters Sibylle Ursula and Clara Augusta and the younger half-brother Ferdinand Albrecht von Braunschweig-Lüneburg . In the years 1645–1646 the well-known poet Sigmund von Birken supported Schottelius in bringing up the young princely children. Schottelius wrote at least six plays for his students, which were also performed by them. For the most part, Duchess Sophie Elisabeth , the wife of Duke August the Younger , composed the accompanying music. The music for one piece comes from Heinrich Schütz .

During his work as a preceptor and private tutor, Schottelius earned his doctorate in both rights at the University of Helmstedt . As such, he was appointed assessor at the court in 1642 .

During these years, Schottelius always tried to speak German and was involved in the language debate of his time, even if he was in constant competition with Christian Gueintz and Prince Ludwig I of Anhalt-Köthen . Undoubtedly for this reason the prince accepted him into the Fruitful Society on September 25, 1642 . At the same time as Schottelius, Franz Julius von dem Knesebeck was also accepted.

Schottelius was given the company name of the seeker and the motto pure vapors . As an emblem the chamois root or vertigo (probably the creeping chamois - Doronicum pardalianches L. ) was intended. Schottelius' entry can be found in the Koethen Society Register under no. 397. The rhyme law is also recorded there, with which he thanks for the admission:

The Gemsenwurtzel is also called vertigo,
By hunters who follow the animal high up in the mountains:
The pure steaming 'I seek' and make them known,
The ones in our German language are peculiar in their way,
right on the ground, and stay
inside, always hot, searching, also want to go on what is found inside,
to bring fruit that is useful for the fatherland,
and with the German tongue 'all' other foreigners defiles.

or:

The chamois root is also called vertigo ,
By hunters who follow the animal high up in the mountains:
The pure fumes 'I look for' and make them known,
Our Germans said 'in their way are peculiar,
right on the ground go' and inside stay
steadfast : Searching hotly, also wil go away what can be found in it,
To bring fruit that is of use to the fatherland, j
And with the German tongue 'all' other frembde defiles.

or:

The chamois root is also called vertigo.
By hunters who follow the animal high up in the mountains:
I look for the pure fumes and make them known,
The ones in our German language are peculiar,
right to the bottom and stay inside:
Searching hotly, too wil go on to show what I find in it,
to bring fruit that will probably
benefit the fatherland, and defile 'all' other strangers with the German tongue.

or:

The chamois root is also called a vertigo herb,
By hunters who
climb high after the beast in mountains, I seek for the pure haze and make them known,
The kind of our German language is
unique , right to the bottom, and inside stay unrelated,
hot, searching, also want to go away what I find inside, to show,
to bring fruit that will probably
benefit the fatherland, and defile all other strangers with the German tongue.

On September 8, 1646 he married Margarethe Cleve (born 1625), daughter of Canonicus Johann Cleve (died 1632) and Catharina born. Koch (d. 1674), who died on September 6, 1647 - probably in childbed. Her daughter Sophie Elisabeth, b. August 28, 1647, survived and later married the court judge Johann Ludwig Behrens.

Until 1646 Schottelius held the office of Prince Educator at the Wolfenbütteler Hof. He was then entrusted with administrative tasks as court and chamber councilor. The Pegnesische flower north of Georg Philipp Harsdörffer had taken him already in 1645 as its tenth member; he became a member under the name Fortano . He had a long-standing scholarly friendship with the second order president , Birken , as evidenced by the correspondence that has been preserved. Schottelius was probably already a member of the Unio Christiana of Johann Valentin Andreae from 1644 .

On June 12, 1649, Schottelius married Anna Maria Sobbe (born 1626 in Einbeck, died 1679). From this marriage three sons and two daughters were born.

plant

Schottelius' most important and, with more than 1500 pages, most extensive work Detailed work - Von der Teutschen HaubtSsprache (…) appeared in 1663. Schottelius thus fundamentally influenced all further efforts to describe the grammatical language of German. He described the vernacular dialects of the Middle Ages as barbaric structures and contrasts them with the artificial language. The German language, which had been left to its natural course up to now, must be constructed as a “high German language that has come to be valued” by specialists, scribes and poets: “The completely correct conception and elaboration of a main language is a laborious one, which takes a long time and a lot of hard work Werck to be set up. ”He describes the cultural language as a system of symbols that, unlike the traditional dialects, has to be constructed as an art building. According to Schottelius, “Teutschland” can only keep up with other nations with a new language planned in this way. This cultural language (“main language”) can no longer be learned from the mother, but must be taught by specialists in special general schools. Schottelius linked civilizing advances with the new language: "The only bond of human unity, the means to good, virtue and bliss, and the highest ornament of reasonable people are languages," he wrote Schottelius. German words for linguistic and grammatical terms (e.g. “singular”, “plural”, “stem form”) go back to Schottelius.

Works (selection)

  • Lamentatio Germaniæ Exspirantis / The now dying nymphs Germaniæ most wretched death lament . Braunschweig 1640 ( digitized version )
  • Teutsche Sprachkunst In it the most verbose / splendid / purest / perfect / clock-old main language of the Germans raised outside of their reasons / the characteristics and tricks completely discovered / and thus brought into a correct form of art for the first time . Braunschweig 1641 (reprint: Hildesheim 1976)
  • Newly invented joy game called Peace Victory , Wolfenbüttel 1648 ( digitized version )
  • Fruit-bearing pleasure garden: full of spiritual and secular new inventions , Wolfenbüttel 1647 (reprint: Munich 1967)
  • German verse and rhyme art , Lüneburg 1656 (reprint: Hildesheim 1976)
  • Extensive work Von der Teutschen HaubtSsprachin What are the contents of this main language clock arrival / clock age / cleanliness / quality / ability / incomparability / basic correctness / at least the language art and verse art Teutsch and partly Latin included / like no less the duplication / derivation / the introduction / Taken words / Authores from the Teutschen Wesen and Teutscher Sprache / von der Verteutschung / Item the root words of the Teutsche Sprache including the explanation and the same strange things . Braunschweig 1663 ( digital copy; reprint: Tübingen 1967)
  • Jesus Christ taking honor , Wolfenbüttel 1666
  • Ethica: the moral art or wool art of living . Wolfenbüttel 1669 (reprint: Bern 1980)
  • De singularibus quibusdam et antiquis In Germania Juribus et Observatis. , Ffm. And Lpz. 1671
  • Strange idea of ​​eternal bliss. Brunswick 1673
  • Horrendum Bellum Grammaticale Teutonum antiquissimorum , Braunschweig 1673 ( digitized ; new edition as The Terrible Language War : Reclam, Leipzig 1991, ISBN 3-379-00721-8 )

literature

  • Jörg Jochen Berns (Ed.): Justus Georg Schottelius . A German scholar at the Wolfenbütteler Hof. Exhibition in the Herzog August Library Wolfenbüttel from October 23, 1976 to January 2, 1977. Herzog August Library, Wolfenbüttel 1976
  • Volker Meid: Schottelius In: Walther Killy : Literaturlexikon. Authors and works in German (15 volumes). Bertelsmann-Lexikon-Verlag, Gütersloh / Munich 1988–1991 (CD-ROM: Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-932544-13-7 )
  • Gerhard Dünnhaupt : Justus Georg Schottelius (1612–1676) . In: Personal bibliographies on Baroque prints . Volume 5. Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1991, ISBN 3-7772-9133-1 , pp. 3824-3846 (list of works and literature)
  • Dieter Cherubim: Schottelius, Justus Georg (ius ). In: Horst-Rüdiger Jarck, Dieter Lent et al. (Ed.): Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon: 8th to 18th century . Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2006, pp. 630f.
  • Schottel or Schottelius, Justus George. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 35, Leipzig 1743, column 1040 f.
  • Josef Plattner: On JG Schottelius' concept of language. Dissertation Zurich 1967.
  • Rolf Schneider: The influence of Justus Georg Schottelius on the German-language lexicography of the 17th and 18th centuries . Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 1995, ISBN 3-631-47973-5
  • Markus Hundt: “Language work” in the 17th century. Studies on Georg Philipp Harsdörffer , Justus Georg Schottelius and Christian Gueintz . Habilitation thesis TU Dresden. De Gruyter, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-11-016798-0
  • Tuomo Fonsén: Artistic linguistic constitution among the Germans. Studies on Schottelius' "Horrendum Bellum Grammaticale" . Lang, Frankfurt am Main a. a. 2006

Web links

Wikisource: Justus Georg Schottelius  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The fruitful society names, plans, paintings and words: after each intake, neatly engraved in copper, and written in eight-line rhyming laws, the third hundred. Franckfurt am Mayn, 1646 ( Google Books )
  2. ↑ Documentary contribution to the history of the German language societies in the XVII. Centuries. By G. Krause. - The oldest Ertz shrine of the fruit-bearing society. Letters, foreign exchange and other documents from [...]. Edited based on the originals of the Herzogl. Library to Cöthen by G. Krause. With facsimiles. Leipzig, 1855, p. 279 ( Google Books )
  3. ↑ About land and sea. General illustrated newspaper. Volume 9. 1863. p. 402 ( Google Books ); The illustrated world . Sheets from culture and life, science and art for entertainment and instruction for the family, for everyone and everyone. Eighteenth year. 1870. Stuttgart, p. 187 ( Google Books )
  4. ↑ Historical news of the laudable shepherd and flower order on the Pegnitz. Beginning and progression bit on that through Göttl. Goodness reached the hundredth year, adorned with copper, and written by the member of this society Amarantes. Nuremberg, 1744, p. 850, cf. P. 267 ( Google Books )
  5. ↑ Schottelius, detailed work, 1663, preface
  6. ↑ Schottelius, Detailed Work, 1663, p. 50
  7. ^ Schottelius, Teutsche Sprachkunst. 1641, preface
personal data
SURNAME Schottelius, Justus Georg
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schottel, Justus Georg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German language scholar
DATE OF BIRTH June 23, 1612
PLACE OF BIRTH Einbeck
DATE OF DEATH October 25, 1676
Place of death Wolfenbüttel