Kaspar von Stieler

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Title copper: Kaspar David von Stieler from Der Teutsche Advokat , Nuremberg, Hofmann 1678

Kaspar von Stieler (born August 2, 1632 in Erfurt ; † June 24, 1707 ibid) was a German poet , playwright , writer, scholar and linguist who became known for the dictionary he wrote, which represented contemporary German vocabulary .

Life

Stieler came from a middle-class family from Erfurt (father and grandfather were pharmacists). He attended the business school and the Ratsgymnasium in Erfurt, then he studied medicine from 1648 to 1650 in Leipzig, Erfurt and Gießen. In 1651 Stieler took a position as private tutor near Königsberg . In 1653 he enrolled at the University of Königsberg . Until 1654 Stieler studied medicine, law, theology and "eloquence" (rhetoric) there. Most of the songs published in 1660 under the title Armored Venus were probably composed during this East Prussian period . From 1655 Stieler took part in the war between Poland and Sweden. This was followed by trips through Western Europe between 1658 and 1661 and a brief study of law in Jena in 1661, which Stieler completed in 1662. In 1663 he married Regina Sophie Breitenbach (7 October 1640, † 27 September 1676), an Erfurt woman, daughter of councilor Georg Friedrich Breitenbach . In 1662 Stieler's professional life began as a secretary at various central German royal courts, next to which he worked on his literary, later also on language theory, legal and other writings. In 1666, Stieler accepted a position as secretary to the governor Zacharias Prueschenck von Lindenhofen in the Principality of Saxony-Eisenach and through this came into contact with the Fruit-Bringing Society , into which he was accepted in 1668 by Duke August von Sachsen-Weißenfels . As a company name he was given the spade and as a motto surpasses the early . The cauliflower was given to him as an emblem. Stieler's entry can be found in the Köthen society register under the number 813. After the death of his first wife Regina Sophie in 1676, he married Christiane Margarethe Cotta, the daughter of the mayor of Eisenach, on May 15, 1677. In 1689 Stieler resigned from the secretary's service and returned to Erfurt, where he lived as a private scholar until his death. In 1705 he was raised to hereditary nobility. Stieler died on June 24, 1707 in his hometown.

The German language family tree and growth

The work Der teutschen Sprache Genealogy and Fortwachs (1691), a German language dictionary of unprecedented size, written by Stieler, still deserves attention today: “Kaspar Stieler's dictionary stands at the beginning of modern German lexicography. It is a first attempt at a comprehensive recording of the German vocabulary, which initially found its way into the dictionaries for the translation of Latin. "

The dictionary was created in close cooperation with other members of the Fruitful Society. The development of the standard German language was not yet complete and the grammarians of this society saw their main task in setting a consistent system of rules for them. Stieler also had a similar idea for the vocabulary, which is why every keyword was fixed grammatically: for nouns he gave the gender and plural (in cases of doubt also the genitive singular) and for strong verbs the stem form.

Stieler's purism went so far that he looked for a German root in foreign words. He claimed that the word nature comes from the German Ur , meaning something like "after the Ur (being)". He does not mention the obvious origin of the Latin natura .

Stieler's interest was particularly in the possibilities of word formation in German. He went so far as to include word formation options (e.g. combinations of verb stems with affixes as lemmas , although no evidence can be found for these words in the traditional contemporary literature). In comparison to this, the information on the meanings of the words is rather unsystematic.

Works (selection)

  • The armored Venus or love songs in the war, composed with new ways of singing and playing, sezzet alongside ettlich meaning speeches. Guth, Pfeiffer, Hamburg 1660 ( digitized and full text in the German text archive ); Reprint ed. v. Herbert Zeman , Munich 1968.
  • Rudolstadt Festival. Rudolstadt 1665–1667.
  • The poetry of the spade. Autograph 1685; Reprint ed. v. Herbert Zeman, Vienna 1975.
  • The German language family tree and growth. Nuremberg 1691 ( digitized version ); Reprint ed. v. Erika Ising , Hildesheim 1968.
  • Newspaper pleasure and utility. Hamburg 1695 ( online  - Internet Archive ); New edition ed. v. Gert Hagelweide, Bremen 1969.

literature

  • Judith Popovich Aikin: Scaramutza in Germany. The Dramatic Works of Caspar Stieler. Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park PA and London 1989.
  • Stjepan Barbaric: On the grammatical terminology of Justus Georg Schottelius and Kaspar Stieler. 2 volumes. Lang, Bern et al. 1989.
  • Gerhard Dünnhaupt : Kaspar Stieler. In: Personal bibliographies on Baroque prints. Volume 6. Hiersemann, Stuttgart 1993, ISBN 3-7772-9305-9 , pp. 3951-3972.
  • Gerhard Ising: Introduction. In: Kaspar Stieler: The Teutschen Sprache family tree and growth / or Teutscher Sprachschatz. Reprographic reprint with an introduction and bibliography by Gerhard Ising. Olms, Hildesheim 1968.
  • Therese Maria Krenn: The rhetorical style principles in Kaspar Stieler's letter and poetry. Dissertation, University of Graz 1976.
  • Edward Schröder :  Stieler, Kaspar (von) . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 36, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1893, pp. 201-203.

Web links

Wikisource: Kaspar von Stieler  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Fritz Rollberg: Regina Sophie, the wife of Caspar Stieler . In: The Thuringian Flag . 7th year Gustav Neuenhahn, Jena 1938, p. 65-74 .
  2. ↑ Unless otherwise stated, the biographical information is taken from Ising 1968, II – V.
  3. ↑ Ising 1968, XV.
  4. ↑ See Ising 1968, XI.
  5. ↑ See Ising 1968, X f.
  6. ↑ See Ising 1968, XI f.
personal data
SURNAME Stieler, Kaspar von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Stieler, Caspar von; Stieler, Kaspar; Stieler, Caspar
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German scholar and linguist
DATE OF BIRTH August 2, 1632
PLACE OF BIRTH Erfurt
DATE OF DEATH June 24, 1707
Place of death Jena or Erfurt