Juan de Villagarcía

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Juan de Villagarcía also John de Villa Garcia , or Friar John ; Latinized Joannes Fraterculus (* around 1529 in the province of Valladolid , † 1564 ) was a Dominican (OP) and Spanish university professor who came from Valladolid and taught as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford .

Live and act

In Valladolid he attended the monastery school of San Pablo de Valladolid, then in 1543 the Colegio de San Gregorio followed . He was a student of Bartolomé de Carranza . When he accompanied Philip II on his bridal voyage to England in 1554 , de Villagarcía also came to England. He studied at Magdalen College in Oxford in 1555 , where he later became Praelector in Theology .

In 1555 he was appointed Regius Professor of Divinity at Oxford University . In Oxford he received his bachelor's degree in 1555 and then in 1558 as a doctor of divinitatis . At the same time, Pedro de Soto stayed and taught in Oxford, he came to England through Reginald Pole to support the Counter-Reformation under Queen Maria I Tudor in 1555. In addition to the Dominicans de Carranza, de Villagarcía, de Soto, there were also the two Franciscans, Brother Bernardo de Fresneda (1495–1577) and Brother Alfonso de Castro, who were brought to England for recatholicization .

After his predecessor Richard Smyth interrupted his office as Regius Professor of Divinity, de Villagarcía was this professor from 1556 to 1559. After that he went back to Spain. In June 1559 he first traveled to Flanders (at that time part of the Spanish Netherlands ), where it is presumed that he wanted to inform Philip II about the religious and political situation in England, and de Villagarcía received support from influential courtiers , such as the secretary Philip II. Francisco de Eraso , the confessor of Bernardo de Fresneda . On August 24, 1559, Juan de Villa was locked up in a ship in Flanders and a month later he was delivered to the Inquisition prison in Valladolid, where he remained imprisoned until 1563. The close contact with Bartolomé de Carranza was probably decisive for this. Carranza was arrested on August 1st, 1559 in Valladolid.

Juan de Villagarcía and Thomas Cranmer

After Thomas Cranmer was ordained Archbishop of Canterbury on March 30, 1533 , it took another three years in January 1533 when he declared the marriage of Henry VIII to Anne Boleyn valid and thus the divorce from Catherine of Aragón legal. His actions led to the Vatican initially threatening him with a papal ban and a year later with a ban . Henry VIII then declared the separation of the English Church from Rome and himself head of the Church of England . In 1547, Cranmer put together the Book of Common Prayer , which is still the working agenda of the Anglican Church.

After the deaths of Heinrich and his successor Edward VI. the elder daughter of Heinrich Maria the Catholic came to power. Reginald Pole attempted to recatholize England. Thomas Cranmer was arrested on September 8, 1553 and locked in the Tower of London . In the subsequent trial against him, faced with threats of torture, he initially revoked his Anglican creed, but then withdrew from it in a public statement at St. Mary's in Oxford . De Villagarcía first met Cranmer on December 31, 1555 at Christ Church in Oxford. In mid-February, Villagarcía and John Harpsfield (1516–1578) met again with Cranmer in Bocardo Prison next to St Michael at the North Gate to interrogate him. On February 26th, Cranmer made a statement written and signed in Latin, testified by de Villagarcía and Henry Syddall , in which he spoke of a return to the Catholic faith and asked, albeit unsuccessfully, for sacramental absolution. On March 20, the day before Cranmer's execution, Villagarcía accompanied him to the University Church of St. Mary the Virgin, both exchanged a few words in Latin. On March 21, 1556 Thomas Cranmer was sentenced to death at the stake and burned.

Works

  • Diálogo llamado cadena de oro: entre dos christianos ... y sirve para dar a entender aquellas cosas con que un herege se pueda y deva volver a la sancta fee catholica de Iesuchristo (1563)

literature

  • Juan Antonio Llorente: Historia critica de la inquisicion de España. Obra original conforme á lo que resulta de los archivos del consejo de la suprema, y ​​de los tribunales de provincias. Vol. 4, Madrid 1822, p. 220
  • Doris Moreno: Cadena de oro para atraer a los herejes. Arguments de persuasión y estrategias de supervivencia en fray Juan de Villagracía, OP, Discípulo de fray Bartolomé de Carranza. Hispania Sacra, LXV / 131, enero-junio 2013, pp. 29–71, ISSN  0018-215X , doi : 10.3989 / hs.2013.002 [2]
  • Diarmaid MacCulloch: Thomas Cranmer: A Life. Yale University Press, 1997, ISBN 978-030-0074-48-2 , pp. 586-587

Web links

  • Fray Ramón Martínez Vigil: La orden de Predicadores, sus glorias en santidad, apostolado, ciencias, artes y gobierno de los pueblos, seguidas del ensayo de una biblioteca de Dominicos españoles. Gregorio del Amo, Madrid 1840–1904 [3]

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A register of the members of St. Mary Magdalen College, Oxford, from the foundation of the college (1894), volume II p. 31.
  2. ↑ Doris Moreno: Cadena de oro para atraer a los herejes. Arguments de persuasión y estrategias de supervivencia en fray Juan de Villagracía, OP, Discípulo de fray Bartolomé de Carranza. Hispania Sacra, LXV / 131, enero-junio 2013, pp. 29-71, ISSN 0018-215X, p. 42 [1]
  3. ^ Edward Irving Carlyle: Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 52, entry "Sidall, Henry"
personal data
SURNAME Villagarcía, Juan de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES John de Villa Garcia; Friar John; Joannes Fraterculus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Spanish Dominican monk, theologian, professor at Oxford
DATE OF BIRTH around 1529
PLACE OF BIRTH Valladolid Province
DATE OF DEATH 1564