Regius Professor of Divinity (Oxford)

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The Regius Professor of Divinity is a Regius Professorship for Theology at the University of Oxford , founded in 1542 by King Henry VIII . In addition to this Regius Professorship, there is another Regius Professur of Divinity at the University of Cambridge , also donated by King Henry VIII, and a Regius Professur of Divinity at Trinity College at the University of Dublin .

Protestantism and Catholicism in office

Henry VIII tried by endowing various professorships at the universities of Oxford and Cambridge to anchor the Church of England , which had just become independent, in the academic culture. The first Regius Professor of Divinity to be appointed by Henry VIII at Oxford University was the conservative Richard Smyth in 1542 . (The Catholic Encyclopedia gives 1536 as the year of appointment.) When the nine-year-old Edward VI ascended the throne . Smyth first agreed to the Anglican religion, but revoked and declared that the rightful rule of Rome had been wrongly abolished. He was then removed from office by Archbishop Thomas Cranmer and replaced in 1548 by Peter Martyr Vermigli , who immigrated from Italy . Smyth continued to live in Oxford and had a public discussion with Vermigli. Shortly afterwards he was arrested and at the first opportunity fled to Leuven in Flanders (then part of the Spanish Netherlands ).

After Edward's death, Maria I took the throne and initiated a movement against English Protestantism. She owes her nickname "the Catholic" to these efforts. In the Catholic Restoration from 1553 to 1558, the universities played a central role. Professorships filled with Protestants, including the Regius professorships founded by Henry VIII, were filled with Catholic professors. At the same time, cleanup actions were carried out at the colleges. In 1554 Smyth took over the professorship and other offices again. On top of that, he became chaplain to Queen Mary I. He played a major role in the condemnation of the Anglican martyrs Cramner, Ridley and Latimer ; he also preached at the execution of the latter two. From 1556 to 1559 the Dominican Juan de Villagarcía took over the professorship. When he returned to Spain, Smyth took over the professorship for the last time.

Elizabethan period

With the death of Queen Maria I in 1558, the pendulum swung in the opposite direction and the professorship and colleges were again occupied by Protestants who were loyal to the line. The long reign of Elizabeth I eventually cemented the religion and established the Anglican Church permanently in England. Smyth was placed under the supervision of Archbishop Parker , who asked him to withdraw. After the failed attempt to find accommodation in Scotland, Smyth fled to Douai , now France, then also the Spanish Netherlands, where he became a chaplain with the protection of Philip II of Spain and shortly afterwards became chancellor of the newly founded university. Smyth died there on July 9, 1563.

Until around 1620, the professors and deacons of Oxford Cathedral (Christ Church Cathedral) were demonstratively puritanical . The professors at Oxford were an exception. Four major factions have been observed there since 1590: conformists, calvinists , episcopalists and puritans. The first professor appointed by Elizabeth I was Lawrence Humphrey, who lived in exile under Maria I. Despite his puritanical orientation, which was not politically opportune, he retained the professorship for 30 years.

Thomas Holland followed in 1589. Holland also became a Fellow for Life in Exeter College in 1592 and, with Elizabeth's patronage, Rector. His task was to ensure the conformity of the teaching staff, which was heavily interspersed with "Romance" elements. Holland was also among those who worked on the translation of the Bible begun by William Tyndale , which became the basis of the authorized King James Bible .

In 1605, James I improved the professor's income by firmly linking the salaries of the Christ Church diocese with the professorship. Holland remained in office until his death. He was succeeded by that of I. Jacob (Engl. James I.) appointed Robert Abbot .

owner

Surname name suffix from to annotation
Richard Smyth DD 1535 1548 Smyth, also Smith, was the director of Balliol Hall.
Peter Martyr Vermigli DD 1548 1554 The "Protestant reformer" Vermigli was trained at the University of Padua.
Richard Smyth DD 1554 Second term of office under Maria I.
Juan de Villagarcía DD 1556 1559 The name is also given as John de Garcia, John de Garcina or John de Villa Garcia. The University Calendar 1831 gives the name as Joannes Fraterculus, which is only the Latinized form of "Brother John". Villagarcía was a Spanish Dominican from Valladolid .
Richard Smyth 1559 Third term. After the death of Maria I , Smyth was removed from office and fled from persecution to Douai in what is now France, where he remained until the end of his life.
Lawrence Humphrey DD 1560 1589 Humphrey went into exile under Queen Maria I, and returned under Elizabeth I and succeeded Smyth. He was able to cover up his puritanical sentiments well enough to remain in office for almost 30 years.
Thomas Holland DD 1589 1612 Holland was strongly encouraged by Elizabeth I. In return, he used his influence to bring the faculty in line with the Anglican Church. He was the mentor and friend of the future successor in office, John Prideaux. During the term of office of Holland, the dioceses of Christ Church and the Rectorate of Ewelme in the Diocese of Oxford were coupled with the professorship.
Robert Abbot DD 1612 1615 Abbot was also the head of Balliol College and later Bishop of Salisbury. His brother, George Abbot , was consecrated as a bishop .
John Prideaux DD 1615 Prideaux later became Rector of Exeter and, after many years of compensatory work as Regius Professor, Bishop of Worcester .
Robert Sanderson DD 1642 1648 Until 1646, Sanderson did not teach because of the unrest. In 1648 he was removed from office. Sanderson's impeachment also resulted in the royal contribution to the professor's salary being removed.
Robert Crosse DD 1648 1648 The Puritan Robert Cross was to replace Sanderson at the university. But Cross refused and instead took over a parish in his home country, where he stayed until his death.
Joshua Hoyle DD 1648 1654 After some time on the Oxford University Reformation Commission, Hoyle was appointed Regius Professor and Head of University College. Since the parish of Christ Church, which usually contributed to the professor's livelihood, had been transferred to other hands before his appointment, he complained about the poor income.
John Conant DD 1654 1660 In addition, Conant was rector of Exeter to make up for the loss of royal grants since Sanderson's impeachment, Conant was awarded a parish.
Robert Sanderson DD 1660 1661 Sanderson was reinstated as Regius Professor in August and blessed as Bishop of Lincoln in October of the same year .
William Creed DD 1661 1663 During the Civil War, Creed was a royalist who lost his fellowship and diocese. In 1660 he was appointed Regius Professor and held the post until his death on July 19, 1663.
Richard Allestree DD 1663 1680 Allestree was a royalist and fought actively in various disputes. In 1663 he became one of the King's Chaplains and in December he was appointed Regius Professor of Divinity. Allestree was also Provost of Eton College.
William Jane DD 1680 Jane was named Regius Professor not because of his skills, but more because of his early demeanor. As a result, he made untenable statements that he later found difficult to revise, showed little academic skill, could not fill the classroom and was considered a poor teacher.
John Potter DD 1708 1737 The University Calendar of 1831 indicates 1707 as the first year in office. Potter later became Bishop of Oxford and then Archbishop of Canterbury .
George Rye DD 1737 1741
John Fanshawe DD 1741 1763 Fanshawe gave up his Regius professorship in the Greek language to take over the chair.
Edward Bentham DD 1763 1776
Benjamin Wheeler DD 1776
John Randolph 1783 Like Fanshawe before him, Randolph gave up the Regius Professorship for Greek for this professorship. He left the chair when he was called to be bishop of Bangor .
Charles Henry Hall DD 1807 1809
William Howley DD 1809 1813 Howley was promoted to Bishop of London in the Anglican Church and Archbishop of Canterbury in 1828.
William Van Mildert DD 1813 1820 Van Mildert was appointed Bishop of Landaff in 1820.
Frodsham Hodson DD 1820 1822
Charles Lloyd DD 1822 1829 Lloyd was proposed and appointed by the King as Bishop of Oxford.
Edward Burton BD 1829 1836
Run Dickson Hampden DD 1836 1848 Hampden assumed the position of Bishop of Hereford.
William Jacobson DD 1848 Jacobson became Bishop of Chester in 1883 .
Robert Payne Smith MA 1865 1871 Smith was appointed Dean of Canterbury.
James Bowling Mozley BD 1871 1878
William Ince MA, DD 1878
Henry Scott Holland DD 1911 1918
Arthur Cayley Headlam DD 1918 1923 Headlam was appointed Bishop of Gloucester .
Henry Leighton Goudge DD 1923
Oliver Chase Quick DD 1939 1944
Leonard Hodgson DD 1944 1958 Before being appointed Regius Professor of Divinity, Hodgson was Regius Professor of Moral and Pastoral Theology at Oxford.
Henry Chadwick DD 1959 1969 From 1979 until his retirement, Chadwick also served as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Cambridge. There he founded the Age of the Chadwicks with his brother Owen .
Maurice Frank Wiles MA, DD 1970 1991
John Stephen Keith Ward MA, BLitt., DD 1991 2003
Marilyn McCord Adams Ph.D., DD, Th.M. 2004 2009 Adams had taught at the University of California at Los Angeles and Yale University for over 30 years before assuming the directorship professorship.
Graham Ward MA 2012

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