Regius Professor of Divinity (Oxford)
The Regius Professor of Divinity is a Regius Professorship for Theology at the University of Oxford , founded in 1542 by King Henry VIII . In addition to this Regius Professorship, there is another Regius Professur of Divinity at the University of Cambridge , also donated by King Henry VIII, and a Regius Professur of Divinity at Trinity College at the University of Dublin .
Protestantism and Catholicism in office
Henry VIII tried by endowing various professorships at the universities of Oxford and Cambridge to anchor the Church of England , which had just become independent, in the academic culture. The first Regius Professor of Divinity to be appointed by Henry VIII at Oxford University was the conservative Richard Smyth in 1542 . (The Catholic Encyclopedia gives 1536 as the year of appointment.) When the nine-year-old Edward VI ascended the throne . Smyth first agreed to the Anglican religion, but revoked and declared that the rightful rule of Rome had been wrongly abolished. He was then removed from office by Archbishop Thomas Cranmer and replaced in 1548 by Peter Martyr Vermigli , who immigrated from Italy . Smyth continued to live in Oxford and had a public discussion with Vermigli. Shortly afterwards he was arrested and at the first opportunity fled to Leuven in Flanders (then part of the Spanish Netherlands ).
After Edward's death, Maria I took the throne and initiated a movement against English Protestantism. She owes her nickname "the Catholic" to these efforts. In the Catholic Restoration from 1553 to 1558, the universities played a central role. Professorships filled with Protestants, including the Regius professorships founded by Henry VIII, were filled with Catholic professors. At the same time, cleanup actions were carried out at the colleges. In 1554 Smyth took over the professorship and other offices again. On top of that, he became chaplain to Queen Mary I. He played a major role in the condemnation of the Anglican martyrs Cramner, Ridley and Latimer ; he also preached at the execution of the latter two. From 1556 to 1559 the Dominican Juan de Villagarcía took over the professorship. When he returned to Spain, Smyth took over the professorship for the last time.
Elizabethan period
With the death of Queen Maria I in 1558, the pendulum swung in the opposite direction and the professorship and colleges were again occupied by Protestants who were loyal to the line. The long reign of Elizabeth I eventually cemented the religion and established the Anglican Church permanently in England. Smyth was placed under the supervision of Archbishop Parker , who asked him to withdraw. After the failed attempt to find accommodation in Scotland, Smyth fled to Douai , now France, then also the Spanish Netherlands, where he became a chaplain with the protection of Philip II of Spain and shortly afterwards became chancellor of the newly founded university. Smyth died there on July 9, 1563.
Until around 1620, the professors and deacons of Oxford Cathedral (Christ Church Cathedral) were demonstratively puritanical . The professors at Oxford were an exception. Four major factions have been observed there since 1590: conformists, calvinists , episcopalists and puritans. The first professor appointed by Elizabeth I was Lawrence Humphrey, who lived in exile under Maria I. Despite his puritanical orientation, which was not politically opportune, he retained the professorship for 30 years.
Thomas Holland followed in 1589. Holland also became a Fellow for Life in Exeter College in 1592 and, with Elizabeth's patronage, Rector. His task was to ensure the conformity of the teaching staff, which was heavily interspersed with "Romance" elements. Holland was also among those who worked on the translation of the Bible begun by William Tyndale , which became the basis of the authorized King James Bible .
In 1605, James I improved the professor's income by firmly linking the salaries of the Christ Church diocese with the professorship. Holland remained in office until his death. He was succeeded by that of I. Jacob (Engl. James I.) appointed Robert Abbot .
owner
Surname | name suffix | from | to | annotation |
---|---|---|---|---|
Richard Smyth | DD | 1535 | 1548 | Smyth, also Smith, was the director of Balliol Hall. |
Peter Martyr Vermigli | DD | 1548 | 1554 | The "Protestant reformer" Vermigli was trained at the University of Padua. |
Richard Smyth | DD | 1554 | Second term of office under Maria I. | |
Juan de Villagarcía | DD | 1556 | 1559 | The name is also given as John de Garcia, John de Garcina or John de Villa Garcia. The University Calendar 1831 gives the name as Joannes Fraterculus, which is only the Latinized form of "Brother John". Villagarcía was a Spanish Dominican from Valladolid . |
Richard Smyth | 1559 | Third term. After the death of Maria I , Smyth was removed from office and fled from persecution to Douai in what is now France, where he remained until the end of his life. | ||
Lawrence Humphrey | DD | 1560 | 1589 | Humphrey went into exile under Queen Maria I, and returned under Elizabeth I and succeeded Smyth. He was able to cover up his puritanical sentiments well enough to remain in office for almost 30 years. |
Thomas Holland | DD | 1589 | 1612 | Holland was strongly encouraged by Elizabeth I. In return, he used his influence to bring the faculty in line with the Anglican Church. He was the mentor and friend of the future successor in office, John Prideaux. During the term of office of Holland, the dioceses of Christ Church and the Rectorate of Ewelme in the Diocese of Oxford were coupled with the professorship. |
Robert Abbot | DD | 1612 | 1615 | Abbot was also the head of Balliol College and later Bishop of Salisbury. His brother, George Abbot , was consecrated as a bishop . |
John Prideaux | DD | 1615 | Prideaux later became Rector of Exeter and, after many years of compensatory work as Regius Professor, Bishop of Worcester . | |
Robert Sanderson | DD | 1642 | 1648 | Until 1646, Sanderson did not teach because of the unrest. In 1648 he was removed from office. Sanderson's impeachment also resulted in the royal contribution to the professor's salary being removed. |
Robert Crosse | DD | 1648 | 1648 | The Puritan Robert Cross was to replace Sanderson at the university. But Cross refused and instead took over a parish in his home country, where he stayed until his death. |
Joshua Hoyle | DD | 1648 | 1654 | After some time on the Oxford University Reformation Commission, Hoyle was appointed Regius Professor and Head of University College. Since the parish of Christ Church, which usually contributed to the professor's livelihood, had been transferred to other hands before his appointment, he complained about the poor income. |
John Conant | DD | 1654 | 1660 | In addition, Conant was rector of Exeter to make up for the loss of royal grants since Sanderson's impeachment, Conant was awarded a parish. |
Robert Sanderson | DD | 1660 | 1661 | Sanderson was reinstated as Regius Professor in August and blessed as Bishop of Lincoln in October of the same year . |
William Creed | DD | 1661 | 1663 | During the Civil War, Creed was a royalist who lost his fellowship and diocese. In 1660 he was appointed Regius Professor and held the post until his death on July 19, 1663. |
Richard Allestree | DD | 1663 | 1680 | Allestree was a royalist and fought actively in various disputes. In 1663 he became one of the King's Chaplains and in December he was appointed Regius Professor of Divinity. Allestree was also Provost of Eton College. |
William Jane | DD | 1680 | Jane was named Regius Professor not because of his skills, but more because of his early demeanor. As a result, he made untenable statements that he later found difficult to revise, showed little academic skill, could not fill the classroom and was considered a poor teacher. | |
John Potter | DD | 1708 | 1737 | The University Calendar of 1831 indicates 1707 as the first year in office. Potter later became Bishop of Oxford and then Archbishop of Canterbury . |
George Rye | DD | 1737 | 1741 | |
John Fanshawe | DD | 1741 | 1763 | Fanshawe gave up his Regius professorship in the Greek language to take over the chair. |
Edward Bentham | DD | 1763 | 1776 | |
Benjamin Wheeler | DD | 1776 | ||
John Randolph | 1783 | Like Fanshawe before him, Randolph gave up the Regius Professorship for Greek for this professorship. He left the chair when he was called to be bishop of Bangor . | ||
Charles Henry Hall | DD | 1807 | 1809 | |
William Howley | DD | 1809 | 1813 | Howley was promoted to Bishop of London in the Anglican Church and Archbishop of Canterbury in 1828. |
William Van Mildert | DD | 1813 | 1820 | Van Mildert was appointed Bishop of Landaff in 1820. |
Frodsham Hodson | DD | 1820 | 1822 | |
Charles Lloyd | DD | 1822 | 1829 | Lloyd was proposed and appointed by the King as Bishop of Oxford. |
Edward Burton | BD | 1829 | 1836 | |
Run Dickson Hampden | DD | 1836 | 1848 | Hampden assumed the position of Bishop of Hereford. |
William Jacobson | DD | 1848 | Jacobson became Bishop of Chester in 1883 . | |
Robert Payne Smith | MA | 1865 | 1871 | Smith was appointed Dean of Canterbury. |
James Bowling Mozley | BD | 1871 | 1878 | |
William Ince | MA, DD | 1878 | ||
Henry Scott Holland | DD | 1911 | 1918 | |
Arthur Cayley Headlam | DD | 1918 | 1923 | Headlam was appointed Bishop of Gloucester . |
Henry Leighton Goudge | DD | 1923 | ||
Oliver Chase Quick | DD | 1939 | 1944 | |
Leonard Hodgson | DD | 1944 | 1958 | Before being appointed Regius Professor of Divinity, Hodgson was Regius Professor of Moral and Pastoral Theology at Oxford. |
Henry Chadwick | DD | 1959 | 1969 | From 1979 until his retirement, Chadwick also served as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Cambridge. There he founded the Age of the Chadwicks with his brother Owen . |
Maurice Frank Wiles | MA, DD | 1970 | 1991 | |
John Stephen Keith Ward | MA, BLitt., DD | 1991 | 2003 | |
Marilyn McCord Adams | Ph.D., DD, Th.M. | 2004 | 2009 | Adams had taught at the University of California at Los Angeles and Yale University for over 30 years before assuming the directorship professorship. |
Graham Ward | MA | 2012 |
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Thompson Cooper: Smith, Richard (1500–1563) . In: Sidney Lee (Ed.): Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 53: Smith - Stanger. , MacMillan & Co, Smith, Elder & Co., New York City / London 1898 (English).
- ^ A b c d e f Gary W. Jenkins: John Jewel and the English National Church: The Dilemmas of an Erastian Reformer . Ashgate Publishing, 2013, p. 9.
- ↑ Richard J. Evans: On her Majesty's scholarly service . In: Times Higher Education , Feb. 7, 2013; Retrieved July 17, 2014.
- ↑ a b c Edwin Burton; Richard Smith in the Catholic Encyclopedia (www.catholi.com/encyclopedia); accessed on June 1, 2016.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Nicholas Tyacke: Seventeenth-century Oxford . Oxford University Press, Oxford 1997.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i George Clement Boase: Holland, Thomas (d.1612) . In: Sidney Lee (Ed.): Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 27: Hindmarsh - Hovenden. , MacMillan & Co, Smith, Elder & Co., New York City / London 1891 (English).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Henry Frowde: Historical Register of the University of Oxford; Supplement to the University Calendar 1888 . Oxford University Press, 1888.
- ^ A b c James Bass Mullinger: Abbot, Robert (1560-1617) . In: Leslie Stephen (Ed.): Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 1: Abbadie - Anne. , MacMillan & Co, Smith, Elder & Co., New York City / London 1885 (English).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak J. Parker: The Oxford University Calendar 1831 . W. Baxter, Oxford 1831.
- ↑ a b c Smith-Sowton on British-History.ac.uk; Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- ↑ a b c d e Exeter College on british-history.ac.uk; accessed on May 18, 2016.
- ↑ Literature by and about Richard Smythe in the bibliographic database WorldCat
- ↑ a b Mab-Marygold on British-History.ac.uk; accessed on June 1, 2016.
- ↑ a b c Flooke-Fyrmin on British-History.ac.uk; accessed on May 27, 2016.
- ↑ Friaries: The house of Blackfriars on British-History.ac.uk; accessed on May 31, 2016.
- ↑ a b c Gabel-Gilmore on British-History.ac.uk; accessed on May 24, 2016.
- ↑ James Gairdner: Cranmer, Thomas . In: Leslie Stephen (Ed.): Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 13: Craik - Damer. , MacMillan & Co, Smith, Elder & Co., New York City / London 1888 (English).
- ↑ Magdalen College on British-History.ac.uk; Retrieved May 19, 2016.
- ↑ a b c d e Abannan Appletre on British-History.ac.uk; accessed on June 1, 2016.
- ^ A b Edward George Hawke: Prideaux, John (1578-1650) . In: Sidney Lee (Ed.): Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 46: Pocock - Puckering. , MacMillan & Co, Smith, Elder & Co., New York City / London 1896 (English).
- ^ Michael Cyril William Hunter: Robert Boyle, 1627-91: Scrupulosity and Science . Boydell & Brewer, 2000.
- ↑ a b c d e Joseph Hirst Lupton: Sanderson, Robert (1587–1663) . In: Sidney Lee (Ed.): Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 50: Russians - Scobell. , MacMillan & Co, Smith, Elder & Co., New York City / London 1897 (English).
- ↑ a b Sabery-Saywell on British-History.ac.uk; accessed on June 1, 2016.
- ^ A b c William Hunt: Conant, John . In: Leslie Stephen (Ed.): Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 11: Clater - Condell. , MacMillan & Co, Smith, Elder & Co., New York City / London 1887 (English).
- ^ A b c Thompson Cooper: Crosse, Robert . In: Leslie Stephen (Ed.): Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 13: Craik - Damer. , MacMillan & Co, Smith, Elder & Co., New York City / London 1888 (English).
- ↑ a b c Ronald Bayne: Hoyle, Joshua . In: Sidney Lee (Ed.): Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 28: Howard - Inglethorpe. , MacMillan & Co, Smith, Elder & Co., New York City / London 1891 (English).
- ↑ Colericke-Coverley on British-History.ac.uk; accessed on June 1, 2016.
- ^ A b c Thompson Cooper: Creed, William . In: Leslie Stephen (Ed.): Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 13: Craik - Damer. , MacMillan & Co, Smith, Elder & Co., New York City / London 1888 (English).
- ^ A b c Arthur Henry Bullen: Allestree, Richard . In: Leslie Stephen (Ed.): Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 1: Abbadie - Anne. , MacMillan & Co, Smith, Elder & Co., New York City / London 1885 (English).
- ↑ a b c Mandell Creighton: Jane, William . In: Sidney Lee (Ed.): Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 29: Inglis - John. , MacMillan & Co, Smith, Elder & Co., New York City / London 1892 (English).
- ↑ a b c List of the bishops of the Diocese of Oxford on oxford.anglican.org; accessed on May 24, 2016.
- ↑ Parishes: Cholderton on British-History.ac.uk; accessed on May 20, 2016.
- ↑ Joseph Hirst Lupton: Potter, John (1674? –1747) . In: Sidney Lee (Ed.): Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 46: Pocock - Puckering. , MacMillan & Co, Smith, Elder & Co., New York City / London 1896 (English).
- ↑ John Nichols: Illustrations of the Literary History of the Eighteenth Century Consisting of Authentic Memoirs and Original Letters of Eminent Persons; and Intended as a Sequel to The Literary Anecdotes . Volume 2. Nichols and Son and Bentley, London 1817.
- ↑ Rokebye-Ryves on British-History.ac.uk; accessed on June 1, 2016.
- ^ A b Communication on the appointment of Edward Bentham as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. In: London Gazette , June 7, 1763.
- ^ A b William Hunt: Bentham, Edward . In: Leslie Stephen (Ed.): Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 4: Beal - Beaver. , MacMillan & Co, Smith, Elder & Co., New York City / London 1885 (English).
- ↑ a b Communication on the appointment of Benjamin Wheeler as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. In: London Gazette , August 20, 1776.
- ↑ Parishes: Cowley on British-History.ac.uk; accessed on May 20, 2016.
- ^ A b c Notice on the appointment of Charles Henry Hall as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. In: London Gazette , February 14, 1807.
- ^ A b Communication on the appointment of William Howley as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. In: London Gazette , November 4, 1809.
- ↑ a b Richmond Terrace on British-History.ac.uk; Retrieved May 19, 2016.
- ^ A b c Notice on the appointment of William Van Mildert as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. In: London Gazette , October 16, 1813.
- ↑ Recommendation of the King by William Howley for election as Bishop of London. In: London Gazette , August 10, 1813.
- ↑ a b c Communication on the appointment of Frodsham Hodson as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. In: London Gazette , October 21, 1820.
- ^ Announcement of the appointment of William Van Mildert as Bishop of Landaff. In: London Gazette , May 15, 1819.
- ^ A b Communication on the appointment of Charles Lloyd as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. In: London Gazette , February 9, 1822.
- ↑ a b Communication on the appointment of Edward Burton as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. In: London Gazette , July 17, 1829.
- ↑ Recommendation of the King by Charles Lloyde for election as Bishop of Oxford. In: London Gazette , February 16, 1827.
- ↑ a b Communication on the appointment of Renn Dickson Hampden as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. In: London Gazette , February 19, 1836.
- ↑ The University of Oxford on British-History.ac.uk; Retrieved May 19, 2016.
- ^ A b c Notice on the appointment of William Jacobson as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. In: London Gazette , April 4, 1848.
- ↑ Parishes: Iffley on British-History.ac.uk; accessed on May 22, 2016.
- ^ A b c Notice on the appointment of Robert Payne Smith as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. In: London Gazette , September 22, 1865.
- ↑ The Queen's Recommendation on the election of William Jacobson as Bishop of Chester. In: London Gazette , July 11, 1865.
- ↑ a b Communication on the appointment of James Bowling Mozley as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. In: London Gazette , October 10, 1871.
- ^ Announcement of the appointment of Robert Payne Smith as Dean of Canterbury Cathedral. In: London Gazette , February 7, 1871.
- ↑ Old and New Shoreham: Churches on British-History.ac.uk; accessed on May 22, 2016.
- ↑ a b Communication about the appointment of William Ince as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. In: London Gazette , March 5, 1878.
- ^ A b Communication on the appointment of Henry Scott Holland as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. In: London Gazette , February 3, 1911.
- ↑ a b Notice on the appointment of Arthur Cayley Headlam as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. In: London Gazette , July 2, 1918.
- ↑ Hieron-Horridge on British-History.ac.uk; accessed on June 1, 2016.
- ^ A b c Notice on the appointment of Henry Leighton Goudge as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. In: London Gazette , March 16, 1923.
- ↑ Recommendation of the King by Arthur Cayley Headlam for election as Bishop of Gloucester. In: London Gazette , January 2, 1923.
- ^ A b Communication on the appointment of Oliver Chase Quick as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. In: London Gazette , December 5, 1939.
- ↑ a b c Introducing Leonard Hodgson on GiffordLectures.org; accessed on May 26, 2016.
- ↑ a b Communication on the appointment of Henry Chadwick as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. In: London Gazette , January 9, 1959.
- ^ A b c Sir Henry Chadwick, Church Historian. Presentation of the members of the Pour le Mérite Order for Sciences and Arts; accessed on May 24, 2016.
- ↑ a b Communication about the appointment of Maurice Frank Wiles as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. In: London Gazette , October 1, 1970.
- ↑ a b Introducing Henry Chadwick on GiffordLectures.org; accessed on May 26, 2016.
- ↑ a b Communication on the appointment of John Stephen Keith Ward as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. In: London Gazette , September 12, 1991.
- ↑ Revd. Professor Keith Ward on the Introductory List of Visiting Professors at St. Mellitus College, London; accessed on May 24, 2016.
- ↑ Introducing Keith Ward on GiffordLectures.org; accessed on May 26, 2016.
- ↑ a b Communication on the appointment of Marilyn McCord Adams as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. In: London Gazette , January 14, 2004.
- ^ A b Regius Chair of Divinity - University of Oxford. Press release from the Prime Minister's Office, 10 Downing Street; accessed on May 24, 2016.
- ↑ a b Notice on the appointment of Graham John Ward as Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. In: London Gazette , 10 September 2012.
- ↑ a b Introducing Marilyn McCord Adams on giffordlectures.org; accessed on May 26, 2016.