Regius Professor
Regius Professor is the name given to chairs at various universities in the United Kingdom and Ireland . The name "Regius", from Latin for royal , is derived from the fact that these professorships were founded by a British monarch .
Originally, every new Regius Professor was approached by the Prime Minister as to whether his name could be proposed to the monarch. With the approval, the nomination was then announced after a reasonable period of time. The candidates were selected in secret after discussions with the university administrators. With the independence of Ireland in 1921, the professorships existing there were no longer occupied by the English crown. The practice of prime ministerial occupation was ended in 2008 by Gordon Brown and the selection of candidates was transferred to the universities. Since then Regius Professorships like all other professors of universities are tender , application , interview occupied so. The proposal with the candidate's written confirmation is submitted to the Cabinet Office and the nomination is published. The first Regius Professor elected using this method was in 2008 the Regius Professor of History Richard J. Evans of Cambridge University.
Function of the professorships
The foundations often had political backgrounds. The first professorship, in 1497 by James IV of Scotland for a professorship in medicine in Aberdeen , aimed at promoting science. Jacob was a patron of the arts and sciences, and he also assisted in the introduction of the first printing press in Scotland.
The first English Regius professorships were introduced by Henry VIII in 1540 in order to reduce the influence of the Catholic Church on research and to anchor the new Anglican religion in the sciences. The Regius Professor of Civil Law at Oxford, founded in 1540, was intended to replace the teachers influenced by Rome who had taught Roman law up until then .
In 1724 George I complained to the Vice Chancellors of Oxford and Cambridge about how badly education in modern languages was. It was based on the fact that modern languages were not taught and that the training of staff for the State Department was left to the efforts of potential officials. The professorship for modern history donated by George I enabled the regent to train the diplomatic service in his own country under more controlled conditions.
Today, the Regius professorship is no longer associated with a salary from the crown. However, the office gives the institution considerable prestige .
New Regius professorships
In the 100 years before 2013, only two Regius professorships were endowed, in 2009 for the 800th anniversary of the University of Cambridge and in 2011, also in Cambridge, to conclude Prince Phillip's position as Chancellor of the university. For the diamond jubilee of Elizabeth II , she endowed two professorships for each decade on the throne, i.e. twelve further professorships.
In 2015, during his speech on the state budget , Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne announced plans to establish additional Regius professorships on the occasion of the Queen's 90th birthday (April 26, 2016). Unlike in earlier times, the recent appointments are no longer accompanied by funding. This plan was implemented on June 6, 2016.
Without specifying the specific titles, the communication contains the following universities and subject areas:
- University of Manchester - Materials Science
- University of Cardiff - Chemistry
- Queen's University Belfast - Electronics and Computer Sciences
- University of Glasgow - Personalized Medicine (Precision Medicine)
- Newcastle University - Aging
- University of Liverpool - Chemistry
- Aston University - Pharmacy
- University of Warwick - Manufacturing (Engineering)
- University of London Institute for Cancer Research - Cancer Research
- Imperial College London - Infectious Diseases
- University of Southampton - Ocean Sciences
- University of Oxford - Mathematics
List of Regius professorships
United Kingdom
England
Scotland
university | Area of Expertise | professorship | Donated | Dissolved | Benefactor | annotation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
University of St Andrews | mathematics | Regius Professor of Mathematics | 1668 | Charles II | ||
University of Glasgow | Medicine and pharmacy | Regius Professor of Medicine and Therapeutics | 1713 | 1989 | Anne | A Chair in Practice of Medicine was introduced in 1637 but abandoned in 1646. Lectures resumed in 1712 and were recognized by the Queen the following year. In 1989 this Regius professorship was merged with the Regius Professor of Materia Medica (see d.) And continued under the name "Medicine and Therapeutics". |
Jurisprudence | Regius Professor of Law | 1713 | Anne | The chair was established as early as 1712, but was not endowed by the Queen until 1713. | ||
anatomy | Regius Professor of Anatomy | 1718 | 1990 | George I. | Not occupied since 1990. | |
astronomy | Regius Professor of Astronomy | 1760 | George III | The Regius Chair of Practical Astronomy was founded in 1760 and changed in 1893 by Ordinance 31 of the University Commission. | ||
zoology | Regius Professor of Zoology | 1807 | George III | Originally the chair was established as Regius Professor for Natural History and changed in 1903 when a chair in geology was established. | ||
Gynecology , Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine | Regius Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology | 1815 | George III | From 1790 to 1815 the subject was taught with the support of the Waltonian Foundation . In 1815 the king took over the financing. The professorship was originally founded as a chair for “midwifery”. The name was changed in 1992. | ||
surgery | Regius Professor of Surgery | 1815 | George III | |||
chemistry | Regius Professor of Chemistry | 1817 | George III | Lectures were given from 1747. In 1817 it became a Regius professorship. | ||
botany | Regius Professor of Botany | 1818 | George III | Lectures in botany have been given since 1704. | ||
pharmacy | Regius Professor of Materia Medica | 1831 | William IV | Lectures were held in this subject since 1766, but were not elevated to the Regius professorship until 1831; In 1989 the professorship was merged with the Regius Professorship for Medicine and Pharmacy (Medicine and Therapeutics). | ||
Forensic medicine | Regius Professor of Forensic Medicine | 1839 | Victoria | The professorship is the second oldest in forensic medicine in the UK. | ||
physiology | Regius Professor of Physiology | 1839 | Victoria | The original name of Chair of Theory of Physic or Institutes of Medicine was changed to Physiology in 1893 . | ||
Engineering | Regius Professor of Civil Engineering and Mechanics | 1840 | Victoria | The original designation Regius Professor of Civil Engineering and Mechanics was shortened in 1952 on the occasion of the appointment of William Marshall , but again referred to as Regius Professor of Civil Engineering and Mechanics in 2012 when René de Borst was appointed . | ||
English language and English literature | Regius Professor of English Language and Literature | 1861 | Victoria | |||
Church history of the Church of Scotland | Professor of Ecclesiastical History | 1716 | 1935 | George I. | The chair has not been a Regius professorship since 1935. He will continue as Professor of Ecclesiastical History . | |
Personalized medicine | Regius Professor of Precision Medicine | June 6, 2016 | Elizabeth II | |||
University of Aberdeen | anatomy | Regius Professor of Anatomy | 1863 | 1993 | Victoria | |
botany | Regius Professor of Botany | |||||
medicine | Regius Professor of Medicine | 1497 | Jacob IV | Originally the Regius Professor of Materia Medica. There was no known Letters patent before 1858 . According to documents, the Regius professorship can, strictly speaking, only be considered established from this year. | ||
surgery | Regius Professor of Surgery | 1839 | Victoria | |||
English literature | Regius Professor of English Literature | 1894 | Victoria | The professorship was founded in 1893 under the name Chalmers Chair of English Literature . | ||
Greek language | Regius Professor of Greek | |||||
Classical antiquity | Regius Professor of Humanity | originally the Regius Professor Classics. | ||||
philosophy | Regius Professor of Logic | 1860 | Victoria | |||
Materia medica | Regius Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics | 1860 | Victoria | |||
mathematics | Regius Professor of Mathematics | |||||
ethics | Regius Professor of Moral Philosophy | |||||
biology | Regius Professor of Natural History | |||||
Gynecology , Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine | Regius Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology | 1858 | Victoria | Originally the Regius Professor of Midwifery . | ||
physiology | Regius Professor of Physiology | 1860 | Victoria | The professorship was originally founded as the Regius Professor of the Institutes of Medicine . The name was changed in the 1890s after the introduction of practical work in the study to Regius Professor of Physiology. | ||
University of Edinburgh | Jurisprudence | Regius Professor of Public Law and the Law of Nature and Nations | 1707 | Anne | ||
botany | Regius Professor of Plant Science (Edinburgh) | 1710 | Anne | Originally the professorship was closely linked to pharmacy (materia medica) and medicine. Over time, the connection weakened, until finally only botany according to our modern understanding remained. | ||
English literature | Regius Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature | 1762 | George III | The professorship was founded as the Regius Chair of Rhetoric and Belles Lettres , but the name was changed in 1861. | ||
Military medicine | Regius Professor of Military Surgery | 1806 | 1855 | George III | The chair was founded in 1806 shortly before the Napoleonic Wars on the Iberian Peninsula . In 1855 the crown withdrew its support again. | |
South Asian languages and culture | Regius Professor of South Asian Languages | 1862 | Victoria | The foundation goes back to the initiative of William Muir , who received the right to nominate the first professor for a financial contribution. After 1944 the chair was not occupied for 60 years. The fourth professor has been on the chair since 2014. | ||
Natural history | Regius Professor of Natural History | 1767 | George III | In 1870 an independent chair for geology was founded and appointed Regius Professorship by Queen Victoria (see below) | ||
geology | Regius Professor of Geology (Edinburgh) | 1871 | Victoria | The Regius Professor of Geology came into being in 1870/71 when Roderick Murchison put out a £ 6,000 foundation to split the Regius Chair of Natural History into a biological and a geological branch. He was successful and the first professor became Archibald Geikie . | ||
astronomy | Regius Professor of Astronomy | 1785 | George III | |||
surgery | Regius Chair of Clinical Surgery | 1803 | George III | The professorship was established in 1802 and in 1803 by Georg III. appointed Regius professorship. | ||
Engineering | Regius Professor of Engineering | 1868 | Victoria | |||
Forensic medicine | Regius Professor of Forensic Medicine | 1807 | George III | The chair was originally founded under the name Regius Professor of Medical Jurisprudence and Medical Police. It is the oldest forensic medicine chair in the UK. | ||
University of Dundee | Life sciences | Regius Professor in Life Sciences | July 26, 2013 | Elizabeth II |
Northern Ireland
university | Area of Expertise | professorship | Donated | Dissolved | Benefactor | annotation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Queen's University Belfast | Electronics & Computer Engineering | Regius Professor of Electronics & Computer Engineering | June 6, 2016 | Elizabeth II |
Wales
university | Area of Expertise | professorship | Donated | Dissolved | Benefactor | annotation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
University of Cardiff | chemistry | Regius Professor of Chemistry | June 6, 2016 | Elizabeth II |
Ireland
university | Area of Expertise | professorship | Donated | Dissolved | Benefactor | annotation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
University of Dublin | theology | Regius Professor of Divinity | 1674 | George III | The professorship itself was founded in St. Patrick's Cathedral . In 1607 James Ussher held the chair and in 1674 Charles II provided it better financially. With funds from the Act of Settlement 1761 , George III. the professorship to the Regius professorship. | |
Jurisprudence | Regius Professor of Laws | 1668 | Charles I. | This professorship is the second oldest at the university. | ||
Jurisprudence | Regius Professor of Feudal and English Law (Dublin) | 1761 | 1934 | George III | In 1934 the chair was combined with the Regius Chair of Laws (see above). | |
medicine | Regius Professor of Physic | 1637 or earlier | George II | Percy and Kirkpatrick name 1747 as the year of the establishment of the Regius Professorship during the reign of George II. The different year may be due to the fact that the chair was founded in 1637, which later became the Regius Professorship. | ||
Greek language | Regius Professor of Greek | 1761 | George III | The Regius Professor is appointed according to the statutes of George III. elected annually. | ||
Military medicine | Regius Professor of Military Surgery | 1851 | 1860 | Victoria | Like the Chair of Military Medicine in Edinburgh, which existed from 1806 to 1855, support was withdrawn soon after the chair was established. Thomas Jolliffe Tufnell remained the only professor in this chair . | |
surgery | Regius Professor of Surgery | 1868 | Victoria | The professorship was founded in 1852 as a University Professor and was appointed Regius Professorship by Queen Victoria in 1868. The first professor on the chair was James William Cusack . His successor, Robert Adams , became the first Regius Professor after years as a University Professor. |
See also
- Regius Professor of Anatomy
- Regius Professor of Astronomy
- Regius Professor of Botany
- Regius Professor of Chemistry
- Regius Professor of Civil Law
- Regius Professor of Divinity
- Regius Professor of Greek
- Regius Professor of History
- Regius Professor of Mathematics
- Regius Professor of Medicine
- Regius Professor of Natural History
- Regius Professor of Physiology
- Regius Professor of Surgery
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Richard J. Evans: On her Majesty's scholarly service . In: Times Higher Education , Feb. 7, 2013; Retrieved July 17, 2014.
- ↑ a b c Regius Professorships Q and A (PDF) Information sheet from the British government on the foundation of 12 professorships; Retrieved July 17, 2014.
- ^ A b Bruce Macfarlane: Intellectual Leadership in Higher Education: Renewing the Role of the University Professor . Routledge, 2013, p. 49.
- ↑ a b c d Richard Evans: The don who's making history . In: The Independent , October 23, 2008; Retrieved July 18, 2014
- ↑ a b c d A regius rumble . In: Times Higher Education , March 4, 1996; accessed on January 21, 2014.
- ^ A b David MacKay appointed Regius Professor of Engineering . University of Cambridge. March 28, 2013. Retrieved April 3, 2013.
- ↑ Richard Garner: Budget 2015: Universities will be allowed to raise fees beyond £ 9,000, says George Osborne . In: The Independent , July 8, 2015; accessed on August 14, 2015.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Regius Professorships awarded to leading universities to mark Queen's 90th birthday . Cabinet Office press release, June 6, 2016.
- ↑ a b c d e New Regius Professor of Civil Law Appointed. University of Oxford press release, December 1, 2005.
- ↑ RJW Evans: The Humor of History and the History of Humor (PDF) University of Oxford. Retrieved March 20, 2014.
- ↑ a b c d e f g A new Regius Professor for the University . Cambridge University website, November 23, 2009; Retrieved July 21, 2014.
- ↑ JR Tanner (Ed.): The Historical Register of the University of Cambridge, Being a Supplement to the Calendar With a Record of University Offices, Honors and Distinctions to the Year 1910 . Cambridge University Press, 1917, archive.org .
- ^ A b c d e William Combe: A History of the University of Cambridge, Its Colleges, Halls and Public Buildings . In Two Volumes, Vol. 2. Ackermann, London 1815.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Warrants Under the Royal Sign Manual . In: The London Gazette , February 20, 2014; Retrieved August 4, 2014.
- ^ A b c Regius Professor of Engineering. Announcement from Imperial College, London, May 8, 2013, appointing Chris Toumazou as first Regius Professor of Engineering; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ↑ a b c The Queen awards Regius Professorship of Psychiatry to King’s . Communication from King's College London, February 5, 2013; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ^ Regius Professor in Meteorology and Climate Science, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading . University of Reading press release, May 31, 2013; Retrieved July 17, 2014.
- ^ University of Southampton announces UK's first Regius Professorship in Computer Science . University of Southampton press release, March 27, 2014; Retrieved July 17, 2014.
- ^ The Queen awards prestigious Regius professorship to Surrey . University of Surrey press release, January 30, 2013; Retrieved July 17, 2014.
- ↑ Director of 5G Innovation Center Rewarded with Regius Chair. In: uk5g.org. Accessed June 5, 2018 .
- ^ Regius Chair Awarded to Founder of the 5G Innovation Center. CW News published by CW (Cambridge Wireless), under 5G, Education / Training. In: Cambridge Wireless website. Accessed June 5, 2018 .
- ↑ a b New Regius Professorship awarded to mark the Queen's 90th birthday . University of Newcastle press release, 6 June 2016.
- ↑ a b Biography of James Gregory on the University of St. Andrews website; Retrieved November 26, 2015.
- ↑ a b c Medicine and Therapeutics (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ↑ Sir Abraham Goldberg. The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 24, 2014.
- ↑ a b c Law (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ↑ a b Astronomy (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ↑ a b Zoology (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ↑ a b c d e Bruce P. Lenman: Integration and Enlightenment - Scotland 1746-1832 . Edinburgh University Press, 1981, ISBN 0-7486-0385-9 , p. 91.
- ↑ a b c d e Obstetrics and Gynecology (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ↑ a b Surgery (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ↑ a b c Chemistry (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ↑ a b c Botany (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ↑ a b c Materia Medica (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ↑ a b Forensic Medicine (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ^ William J. Tilstone, Kathleen A. Savage, Leigh A. Clark: Forensic Science: An Encyclopedia of History, Methods, and Techniques . ABC-CLIO, Oxford 2006, ISBN 1-57607-592-3 , p. 13
- ↑ a b c Physiology (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ^ A b c Civil Engineering (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ^ Warrants Under the Royal Sign Manual . In: The London Gazette ; Retrieved July 28, 2014.
- ^ Nigel Leask : 150 Years of English at Glasgow . University of Glasgow website; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ↑ a b English Language and Literature (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ^ King George I. The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved February 9, 2015.
- ^ A b Ecclesiastical History. University of Glasgow History; Retrieved February 9, 2015.
- ↑ a b c d John D Comrie: Chapter 9: The Medical School of Aberdeen . In: History of Scottish Medicine to 1860 (PDF), Wellcome Historical Medical Museum, London 1927.
- ^ John Bulloch: A History of the University of Aberdeen 1495–1895 . Hodder and Stoughton, London 1895. archive.org
- ^ The University of Aberdeen, About Us: History ; Retrieved April 6, 2016.
- ↑ About ( Memento of the original from December 31, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the University of Aberdeen School of Languages and Literature website; accessed on December 31, 2015.
- ↑ a b c The Edinburgh Gazette , November 7, 1893. (PDF)
- ^ A b History of the School of Law on the Edinburgh Law School website; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ^ John W. Cairns, Hector L. MacQueen: Learning and the Law - A short History of Edinburgh Law School . (PDF) The University of Edinburgh, 2013; Charitable Body registration number SC005336.
- ↑ a b c Harold R. Fletcher, William H. Brown: The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 1670-1970 . 1970; archive.org .
- ↑ Michael G. Moran: Eighteenth-century British and American Rhetorics and Rhetoricians: Critical Studies and Sources . Greenwood Publishing, 1994, p. 23 ff.
- ^ Notice about the change of name of the chair by the Scottish Universities Commission. In: Edinburgh Gazette , December 17, 1861, pp. 1661–1662.
- ↑ a b Literature by and about Regius Chair of Military Surgery in the bibliographic database WorldCat
- ^ South Asian Studies, Our History. University of Edinburgh website; accessed on December 27, 2016.
- ↑ History of the GeoSciences at the Grant Institute ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the University of Edinburgh School of Geosciences website; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
- ^ Roger L. Emerson: Academic Patronage in the Scottish Enlightenment: Glasgow, Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities . Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 2008, ISBN 978-0-7486-2596-3 .
- ^ A b History of the Chair of Clinical Surgery . ( Memento of the original from July 11, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. University of Edinburgh website; Retrieved July 21, 2014.
- ^ New Regius Professor. University of Edinburgh website ;; Retrieved July 21, 2014.
- ^ A b c d Matthew H. Kaufman: Origin and history of the Regius Chair of Medical Jurisprudence and Medical Police established in the University of Edinburgh in 1807 . (PDF) In: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine , 14, 2007, pp. 121–130.
- ↑ a b c d e f Trinity College, Dublin. Excerpt from A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland (1837) on libraryireland.com; Retrieved April 29, 2016.
- ↑ a b c d Established Chairs ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ; PDF) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Trinity College Dublin website; Retrieved July 21, 2014.
- ↑ a b Regius Professor of Laws ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Announcement to fill the professorship from August 2014; Retrieved July 23, 2014.
- ^ Professor Began Her Career by Chance . In: The Age , October 5, 1953; Newspaper report on the occasion of a trip by Frances Moran to Australia.
- ^ The Dublin University Calendar for the Year 1916–1917 . (PDF) Longmans, Green, and Co., London / New York / Bombay 1917.
- ↑ James Chalmers, Resorting to Crime (PDF); Introductory lecture by the Regius Professor of Law in Bute Hall, University of Glasgow on January 17, 2013, p. 3.
- ↑ a b c d T. Percy, C. Kirkpatrick: History of the Medical Teaching in Trinity College Dublin and of the School of Physic in Ireland; Hanna and Neale, Dublin 1912, pp. 101 ff .; Collection 90100
- ^ A b D'Arcy Power: Tufnell, Thomas Jolliffe . In: Sidney Lee (Ed.): Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 57: Tom - Tytler. , MacMillan & Co, Smith, Elder & Co., New York City / London 1899 (English).