Regius Professor

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Deed of foundation for the Regius Chair of Mathematics in Warwick, 2013

Regius Professor is the name given to chairs at various universities in the United Kingdom and Ireland . The name "Regius", from Latin for royal , is derived from the fact that these professorships were founded by a British monarch .

Originally, every new Regius Professor was approached by the Prime Minister as to whether his name could be proposed to the monarch. With the approval, the nomination was then announced after a reasonable period of time. The candidates were selected in secret after discussions with the university administrators. With the independence of Ireland in 1921, the professorships existing there were no longer occupied by the English crown. The practice of prime ministerial occupation was ended in 2008 by Gordon Brown and the selection of candidates was transferred to the universities. Since then Regius Professorships like all other professors of universities are tender , application , interview occupied so. The proposal with the candidate's written confirmation is submitted to the Cabinet Office and the nomination is published. The first Regius Professor elected using this method was in 2008 the Regius Professor of History Richard J. Evans of Cambridge University.

Function of the professorships

The foundations often had political backgrounds. The first professorship, in 1497 by James IV of Scotland for a professorship in medicine in Aberdeen , aimed at promoting science. Jacob was a patron of the arts and sciences, and he also assisted in the introduction of the first printing press in Scotland.

The first English Regius professorships were introduced by Henry VIII in 1540 in order to reduce the influence of the Catholic Church on research and to anchor the new Anglican religion in the sciences. The Regius Professor of Civil Law at Oxford, founded in 1540, was intended to replace the teachers influenced by Rome who had taught Roman law up until then .

In 1724 George I complained to the Vice Chancellors of Oxford and Cambridge about how badly education in modern languages ​​was. It was based on the fact that modern languages ​​were not taught and that the training of staff for the State Department was left to the efforts of potential officials. The professorship for modern history donated by George I enabled the regent to train the diplomatic service in his own country under more controlled conditions.

Today, the Regius professorship is no longer associated with a salary from the crown. However, the office gives the institution considerable prestige .

New Regius professorships

In the 100 years before 2013, only two Regius professorships were endowed, in 2009 for the 800th anniversary of the University of Cambridge and in 2011, also in Cambridge, to conclude Prince Phillip's position as Chancellor of the university. For the diamond jubilee of Elizabeth II , she endowed two professorships for each decade on the throne, i.e. twelve further professorships.

In 2015, during his speech on the state budget , Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne announced plans to establish additional Regius professorships on the occasion of the Queen's 90th birthday (April 26, 2016). Unlike in earlier times, the recent appointments are no longer accompanied by funding. This plan was implemented on June 6, 2016.

Without specifying the specific titles, the communication contains the following universities and subject areas:

List of Regius professorships

United Kingdom

England

university Area of ​​Expertise professorship Donated Dissolved Benefactor annotation
University of Oxford Roman law Regius Professor of Civil Law 1540 Henry VIII
theology Regius Professor of Divinity 1540 Henry VIII
theology Regius Professor of Moral and Pastoral Theology 1842 Victoria Originally Regius Professor of Pastoral Theology
Church history of the Church of England Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History 1842 Victoria
Hebrew language Regius Professor of Hebrew 1540 Henry VIII
medicine Regius Professor of Medicine 1540 Henry VIII
Greek language Regius Professor of Greek 1540 Henry VIII
history Regius Professor of History 1724 George I. Originally the professorship was called Regius Professor of Modern History . The attribute “modern”, as an artificial contrast to “ancient” history, was dropped in 2005.
mathematics Regius Professor of Mathematics 2015 Elizabeth II
University of Cambridge botany Regius Professor of Botany 2009 Elizabeth II The professorship for botany was founded in 1724. In 2009, on the occasion of the 800th anniversary of the university, she became a Regius professorship.
Roman law Regius Professor of Civil Law 1540 Henry VIII
theology Regius Professor of Divinity 1540 Henry VIII
Greek language Regius Professor of Greek 1540 Henry VIII
Hebrew language Regius Professor of Hebrew 1540 Henry VIII
history Regius Professor of History 1724 George I. Until 2010 the professorship was called Regius Professor of Modern History.
medicine Regius Professor of Physic 1540 Henry VIII
Engineering Regius Professor of Engineering 2011 Elizabeth II The professorship was founded as Chair of Mechanism and Applied Mechanics in 1875 , renamed Mechanical Sciences in 1934, and renamed Engineering in 1966 , and became a Regius Professorship in 2011.
Imperial College London Engineering Regius Professor of Engineering July 26, 2013 Elizabeth II
Infectious diseases Regius Professor of Infectious Diseases June 6, 2016 Elizabeth II
King's College London psychiatry Regius Professor of Psychiatry July 26, 2013 Elizabeth II
London School of Economics Economics Regius Professor of Economics July 26, 2013 Elizabeth II
Open University (open education) Regius Professor of Open Education July 26, 2013 Elizabeth II
Royal Holloway, University of London music Regius Professor of Music July 26, 2013 Elizabeth II
University of Essex Political science Regius Professor of Political Science July 26, 2013 Elizabeth II
University of Manchester physics Regius Professor of Physics July 26, 2013 Elizabeth II
Material science Regius Professor of Materials June 6, 2016 Elizabeth II
University of Reading meteorology Regius Professor in Meteorology and Climate Science July 26, 2013 Elizabeth II
University of Southampton Computer science Regius Professor of Computer Science July 26, 2013 Elizabeth II
Oceanography Regius Professor of Ocean Sciences June 6, 2016 Elizabeth II
University of Surrey Electrical engineering Regius Professor of Electronic Engineering (Surrey) July 26, 2013 Elizabeth II Rahim Tafazolli was appointed as the first professor in May 2018 .
University of Warwick mathematics Regius Professor of Mathematics July 26, 2013 Elizabeth II
Manufacturing (engineering) Regius Professor of Manufacturing June 6, 2016 Elizabeth II
Aston University pharmacy Regius Professor of Pharmacy June 6, 2016 Elizabeth II
University of Liverpool chemistry Regius Professor of Chemistry June 6, 2016 Elizabeth II
University of London oncology Regius Professor of Cancer Research June 6, 2016 Elizabeth II
University of Newcastle Aging Regius Professor of Aging June 6, 2016 Elizabeth II The Regius Professorship in Newcastle is a professorship within the Newcastle University Institute for Aging (NUIA), a leading European research institute founded in 1994, in which aging is examined in a multidisciplinary manner. Here gerontologists work together with geneticists, sociologists, psychologists and experts from the British Health Service .

Scotland

university Area of ​​Expertise professorship Donated Dissolved Benefactor annotation
University of St Andrews mathematics Regius Professor of Mathematics 1668 Charles II
University of Glasgow Medicine and pharmacy Regius Professor of Medicine and Therapeutics 1713 1989 Anne A Chair in Practice of Medicine was introduced in 1637 but abandoned in 1646. Lectures resumed in 1712 and were recognized by the Queen the following year. In 1989 this Regius professorship was merged with the Regius Professor of Materia Medica (see d.) And continued under the name "Medicine and Therapeutics".
Jurisprudence Regius Professor of Law 1713 Anne The chair was established as early as 1712, but was not endowed by the Queen until 1713.
anatomy Regius Professor of Anatomy 1718 1990 George I. Not occupied since 1990.
astronomy Regius Professor of Astronomy 1760 George III The Regius Chair of Practical Astronomy was founded in 1760 and changed in 1893 by Ordinance 31 of the University Commission.
zoology Regius Professor of Zoology 1807 George III Originally the chair was established as Regius Professor for Natural History and changed in 1903 when a chair in geology was established.
Gynecology , Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine Regius Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1815 George III From 1790 to 1815 the subject was taught with the support of the Waltonian Foundation . In 1815 the king took over the financing. The professorship was originally founded as a chair for “midwifery”. The name was changed in 1992.
surgery Regius Professor of Surgery 1815 George III
chemistry Regius Professor of Chemistry 1817 George III Lectures were given from 1747. In 1817 it became a Regius professorship.
botany Regius Professor of Botany 1818 George III Lectures in botany have been given since 1704.
pharmacy Regius Professor of Materia Medica 1831 William IV Lectures were held in this subject since 1766, but were not elevated to the Regius professorship until 1831; In 1989 the professorship was merged with the Regius Professorship for Medicine and Pharmacy (Medicine and Therapeutics).
Forensic medicine Regius Professor of Forensic Medicine 1839 Victoria The professorship is the second oldest in forensic medicine in the UK.
physiology Regius Professor of Physiology 1839 Victoria The original name of Chair of Theory of Physic or Institutes of Medicine was changed to Physiology in 1893 .
Engineering Regius Professor of Civil Engineering and Mechanics 1840 Victoria The original designation Regius Professor of Civil Engineering and Mechanics was shortened in 1952 on the occasion of the appointment of William Marshall , but again referred to as Regius Professor of Civil Engineering and Mechanics in 2012 when René de Borst was appointed .
English language and English literature Regius Professor of English Language and Literature 1861 Victoria
Church history of the Church of Scotland Professor of Ecclesiastical History 1716 1935 George I. The chair has not been a Regius professorship since 1935. He will continue as Professor of Ecclesiastical History .
Personalized medicine Regius Professor of Precision Medicine June 6, 2016 Elizabeth II
University of Aberdeen anatomy Regius Professor of Anatomy 1863 1993 Victoria
botany Regius Professor of Botany
medicine Regius Professor of Medicine 1497 Jacob IV Originally the Regius Professor of Materia Medica. There was no known Letters patent before 1858 . According to documents, the Regius professorship can, strictly speaking, only be considered established from this year.
surgery Regius Professor of Surgery 1839 Victoria
English literature Regius Professor of English Literature 1894 Victoria The professorship was founded in 1893 under the name Chalmers Chair of English Literature .
Greek language Regius Professor of Greek
Classical antiquity Regius Professor of Humanity originally the Regius Professor Classics.
philosophy Regius Professor of Logic 1860 Victoria
Materia medica Regius Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics 1860 Victoria
mathematics Regius Professor of Mathematics
ethics Regius Professor of Moral Philosophy
biology Regius Professor of Natural History
Gynecology , Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine Regius Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1858 Victoria Originally the Regius Professor of Midwifery .
physiology Regius Professor of Physiology 1860 Victoria The professorship was originally founded as the Regius Professor of the Institutes of Medicine . The name was changed in the 1890s after the introduction of practical work in the study to Regius Professor of Physiology.
University of Edinburgh Jurisprudence Regius Professor of Public Law and the Law of Nature and Nations 1707 Anne
botany Regius Professor of Plant Science (Edinburgh) 1710 Anne Originally the professorship was closely linked to pharmacy (materia medica) and medicine. Over time, the connection weakened, until finally only botany according to our modern understanding remained.
English literature Regius Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature 1762 George III The professorship was founded as the Regius Chair of Rhetoric and Belles Lettres , but the name was changed in 1861.
Military medicine Regius Professor of Military Surgery 1806 1855 George III The chair was founded in 1806 shortly before the Napoleonic Wars on the Iberian Peninsula . In 1855 the crown withdrew its support again.
South Asian languages ​​and culture Regius Professor of South Asian Languages 1862 Victoria The foundation goes back to the initiative of William Muir , who received the right to nominate the first professor for a financial contribution. After 1944 the chair was not occupied for 60 years. The fourth professor has been on the chair since 2014.
Natural history Regius Professor of Natural History 1767 George III In 1870 an independent chair for geology was founded and appointed Regius Professorship by Queen Victoria (see below)
geology Regius Professor of Geology (Edinburgh) 1871 Victoria The Regius Professor of Geology came into being in 1870/71 when Roderick Murchison put out a £ 6,000 foundation to split the Regius Chair of Natural History into a biological and a geological branch. He was successful and the first professor became Archibald Geikie .
astronomy Regius Professor of Astronomy 1785 George III
surgery Regius Chair of Clinical Surgery 1803 George III The professorship was established in 1802 and in 1803 by Georg III. appointed Regius professorship.
Engineering Regius Professor of Engineering 1868 Victoria
Forensic medicine Regius Professor of Forensic Medicine 1807 George III The chair was originally founded under the name Regius Professor of Medical Jurisprudence and Medical Police. It is the oldest forensic medicine chair in the UK.
University of Dundee Life sciences Regius Professor in Life Sciences July 26, 2013 Elizabeth II

Northern Ireland

university Area of ​​Expertise professorship Donated Dissolved Benefactor annotation
Queen's University Belfast Electronics & Computer Engineering Regius Professor of Electronics & Computer Engineering June 6, 2016 Elizabeth II

Wales

university Area of ​​Expertise professorship Donated Dissolved Benefactor annotation
University of Cardiff chemistry Regius Professor of Chemistry June 6, 2016 Elizabeth II

Ireland

university Area of ​​Expertise professorship Donated Dissolved Benefactor annotation
University of Dublin theology Regius Professor of Divinity 1674 George III The professorship itself was founded in St. Patrick's Cathedral . In 1607 James Ussher held the chair and in 1674 Charles II provided it better financially. With funds from the Act of Settlement 1761 , George III. the professorship to the Regius professorship.
Jurisprudence Regius Professor of Laws 1668 Charles I. This professorship is the second oldest at the university.
Jurisprudence Regius Professor of Feudal and English Law (Dublin) 1761 1934 George III In 1934 the chair was combined with the Regius Chair of Laws (see above).
medicine Regius Professor of Physic 1637 or earlier George II Percy and Kirkpatrick name 1747 as the year of the establishment of the Regius Professorship during the reign of George II. The different year may be due to the fact that the chair was founded in 1637, which later became the Regius Professorship.
Greek language Regius Professor of Greek 1761 George III The Regius Professor is appointed according to the statutes of George III. elected annually.
Military medicine Regius Professor of Military Surgery 1851 1860 Victoria Like the Chair of Military Medicine in Edinburgh, which existed from 1806 to 1855, support was withdrawn soon after the chair was established. Thomas Jolliffe Tufnell remained the only professor in this chair .
surgery Regius Professor of Surgery 1868 Victoria The professorship was founded in 1852 as a University Professor and was appointed Regius Professorship by Queen Victoria in 1868. The first professor on the chair was James William Cusack . His successor, Robert Adams , became the first Regius Professor after years as a University Professor.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad Richard J. Evans: On her Majesty's scholarly service . In: Times Higher Education , Feb. 7, 2013; Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  2. ↑ a b c Regius Professorships Q and A (PDF) Information sheet from the British government on the foundation of 12 professorships; Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  3. ^ A b Bruce Macfarlane: Intellectual Leadership in Higher Education: Renewing the Role of the University Professor . Routledge, 2013, p. 49.
  4. ↑ a b c d Richard Evans: The don who's making history . In: The Independent , October 23, 2008; Retrieved July 18, 2014
  5. ↑ a b c d A regius rumble . In: Times Higher Education , March 4, 1996; accessed on January 21, 2014.
  6. ^ A b David MacKay appointed Regius Professor of Engineering . University of Cambridge. March 28, 2013. Retrieved April 3, 2013.
  7. ↑ Richard Garner: Budget 2015: Universities will be allowed to raise fees beyond £ 9,000, says George Osborne . In: The Independent , July 8, 2015; accessed on August 14, 2015.
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Regius Professorships awarded to leading universities to mark Queen's 90th birthday . Cabinet Office press release, June 6, 2016.
  9. ↑ a b c d e New Regius Professor of Civil Law Appointed. University of Oxford press release, December 1, 2005.
  10. ↑ RJW Evans: The Humor of History and the History of Humor (PDF) University of Oxford. Retrieved March 20, 2014.
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g A new Regius Professor for the University . Cambridge University website, November 23, 2009; Retrieved July 21, 2014.
  12. ↑ JR Tanner (Ed.): The Historical Register of the University of Cambridge, Being a Supplement to the Calendar With a Record of University Offices, Honors and Distinctions to the Year 1910 . Cambridge University Press, 1917, archive.org .
  13. ^ A b c d e William Combe: A History of the University of Cambridge, Its Colleges, Halls and Public Buildings . In Two Volumes, Vol. 2. Ackermann, London 1815.
  14. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Warrants Under the Royal Sign Manual . In: The London Gazette , February 20, 2014; Retrieved August 4, 2014.
  15. ^ A b c Regius Professor of Engineering. Announcement from Imperial College, London, May 8, 2013, appointing Chris Toumazou as first Regius Professor of Engineering; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
  16. ↑ a b c The Queen awards Regius Professorship of Psychiatry to King’s . Communication from King's College London, February 5, 2013; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
  17. ^ Regius Professor in Meteorology and Climate Science, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading . University of Reading press release, May 31, 2013; Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  18. ^ University of Southampton announces UK's first Regius Professorship in Computer Science . University of Southampton press release, March 27, 2014; Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  19. ^ The Queen awards prestigious Regius professorship to Surrey . University of Surrey press release, January 30, 2013; Retrieved July 17, 2014.
  20. ↑ Director of 5G Innovation Center Rewarded with Regius Chair. In: uk5g.org. Accessed June 5, 2018 .
  21. ^ Regius Chair Awarded to Founder of the 5G Innovation Center. CW News published by CW (Cambridge Wireless), under 5G, Education / Training. In: Cambridge Wireless website. Accessed June 5, 2018 .
  22. ↑ a b New Regius Professorship awarded to mark the Queen's 90th birthday . University of Newcastle press release, 6 June 2016.
  23. ↑ a b Biography of James Gregory on the University of St. Andrews website; Retrieved November 26, 2015.
  24. ↑ a b c Medicine and Therapeutics (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
  25. ↑ Sir Abraham Goldberg. The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 24, 2014.
  26. ↑ a b c Law (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
  27. ↑ a b Astronomy (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
  28. ↑ a b Zoology (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
  29. ↑ a b c d e Bruce P. Lenman: Integration and Enlightenment - Scotland 1746-1832 . Edinburgh University Press, 1981, ISBN 0-7486-0385-9 , p. 91.
  30. ↑ a b c d e Obstetrics and Gynecology (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
  31. ↑ a b Surgery (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
  32. ↑ a b c Chemistry (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
  33. ↑ a b c Botany (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
  34. ↑ a b c Materia Medica (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
  35. ↑ a b Forensic Medicine (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
  36. ^ William J. Tilstone, Kathleen A. Savage, Leigh A. Clark: Forensic Science: An Encyclopedia of History, Methods, and Techniques . ABC-CLIO, Oxford 2006, ISBN 1-57607-592-3 , p. 13
  37. ↑ a b c Physiology (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
  38. ^ A b c Civil Engineering (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
  39. ^ Warrants Under the Royal Sign Manual . In: The London Gazette ; Retrieved July 28, 2014.
  40. ^ Nigel Leask : 150 Years of English at Glasgow . University of Glasgow website; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
  41. ↑ a b English Language and Literature (Regius Chair). The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
  42. ^ King George I. The University of Glasgow Story; Retrieved February 9, 2015.
  43. ^ A b Ecclesiastical History. University of Glasgow History; Retrieved February 9, 2015.
  44. ↑ a b c d John D Comrie: Chapter 9: The Medical School of Aberdeen . In: History of Scottish Medicine to 1860 (PDF), Wellcome Historical Medical Museum, London 1927.
  45. ^ John Bulloch: A History of the University of Aberdeen 1495–1895 . Hodder and Stoughton, London 1895. archive.org
  46. ^ The University of Aberdeen, About Us: History ; Retrieved April 6, 2016.
  47. ↑ About ( Memento of the original from December 31, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the University of Aberdeen School of Languages ​​and Literature website; accessed on December 31, 2015.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.abdn.ac.uk
  48. ↑ a b c The Edinburgh Gazette , November 7, 1893. (PDF)
  49. ^ A b History of the School of Law on the Edinburgh Law School website; Retrieved July 22, 2014.
  50. ^ John W. Cairns, Hector L. MacQueen: Learning and the Law - A short History of Edinburgh Law School . (PDF) The University of Edinburgh, 2013; Charitable Body registration number SC005336.
  51. ↑ a b c Harold R. Fletcher, William H. Brown: The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 1670-1970 . 1970; archive.org .
  52. ↑ Michael G. Moran: Eighteenth-century British and American Rhetorics and Rhetoricians: Critical Studies and Sources . Greenwood Publishing, 1994, p. 23 ff.
  53. ^ Notice about the change of name of the chair by the Scottish Universities Commission. In: Edinburgh Gazette , December 17, 1861, pp. 1661–1662.
  54. ↑ a b Literature by and about Regius Chair of Military Surgery in the bibliographic database WorldCat
  55. ^ South Asian Studies, Our History. University of Edinburgh website; accessed on December 27, 2016.
  56. ↑ History of the GeoSciences at the Grant Institute ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the University of Edinburgh School of Geosciences website; Retrieved July 22, 2014.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.geos.ed.ac.uk
  57. ^ Roger L. Emerson: Academic Patronage in the Scottish Enlightenment: Glasgow, Edinburgh and St Andrews Universities . Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 2008, ISBN 978-0-7486-2596-3 .
  58. ^ A b History of the Chair of Clinical Surgery . ( Memento of the original from July 11, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. University of Edinburgh website; Retrieved July 21, 2014.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ed.ac.uk
  59. ^ New Regius Professor. University of Edinburgh website ;; Retrieved July 21, 2014.
  60. ^ A b c d Matthew H. Kaufman: Origin and history of the Regius Chair of Medical Jurisprudence and Medical Police established in the University of Edinburgh in 1807 . (PDF) In: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine , 14, 2007, pp. 121–130.
  61. ↑ a b c d e f Trinity College, Dublin. Excerpt from A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland (1837) on libraryireland.com; Retrieved April 29, 2016.
  62. ↑ a b c d Established Chairs ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ; PDF) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Trinity College Dublin website; Retrieved July 21, 2014.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tcd.ie
  63. ↑ a b Regius Professor of Laws ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Announcement to fill the professorship from August 2014; Retrieved July 23, 2014.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.universityvacancies.com
  64. ^ Professor Began Her Career by Chance . In: The Age , October 5, 1953; Newspaper report on the occasion of a trip by Frances Moran to Australia.
  65. ^ The Dublin University Calendar for the Year 1916–1917 . (PDF) Longmans, Green, and Co., London / New York / Bombay 1917.
  66. ↑ James Chalmers, Resorting to Crime (PDF); Introductory lecture by the Regius Professor of Law in Bute Hall, University of Glasgow on January 17, 2013, p. 3.
  67. ↑ a b c d T. Percy, C. Kirkpatrick: History of the Medical Teaching in Trinity College Dublin and of the School of Physic in Ireland; Hanna and Neale, Dublin 1912, pp. 101 ff .; Collection 90100
  68. ^ A b D'Arcy Power:  Tufnell, Thomas Jolliffe . In: Sidney Lee (Ed.): Dictionary of National Biography . Volume 57:  Tom - Tytler. , MacMillan & Co, Smith, Elder & Co., New York City / London 1899 (English).